Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    1 What are you watching?
    2 Take a look at this!
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    8 We met several times.
    9 Is this your first time here?
    10 What time does your plane land?
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    12 She never speaks to me.
    13 Let's go shopping!
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    16 Shall we sit down?
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    18 There's no need to worry.
    19 That sounds interesting.
    20 It feels great!

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    1 I'm watching the news.
    2 Frank is coming too.
    3 They're going to arrange it.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    8 She's afraid of flying.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    10 We got there at seven.
    11 He's got no children.
    12 It's going to take a week.

    Exercise 3

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    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    1 Are you hungry?
    2 Does he know?
    3 Can they help us?
    4 Have you got any money?
    5 Is she coming too?
    6 Will you be there?
    7 Do they agree?
    8 Should I tell her?
    9 Could he do it for us?
    10 Am I right?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

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    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    1 on May 1st and 26th
    2 He was 52nd.
    3 246 people
    4 3,500
    5 4.6,000,000
    6 0.05 seconds
    7 35,785
    8 9,756,004
    9 in the year 2015
    10 in the 1980s
    11 bus number 102
    12 phone number 670098883
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

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    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday
    7 What did they want? more money
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    13 When did you see him? last week
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    1 He speaks English.
    2 She should tell them.
    3 I'm going to tell him.
    4 You should eat less meat.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    6 There's too much water.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    8 There were more people.
    9 They could help us.
    10 We'll be able to come.

    Exercise 7

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    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    1 he, speak about it
    2 my parents, know
    3 she, send us, messages
    4 we, meet, on the bus
    5 I, give him, the money
    6 she, sit between us
    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    8 our dog, not eat that
    9 he, not like the food
    10 the car, be, not expensive

    Exercise 8

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    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    1 She's feeling good.
    2 Bob is trying hard.
    3 It's snowing.
    4 She's making dinner.
    5 School is beginning.
    6 He's coming.
    7 She's sleeping late.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    10 I'm drinking beer.

    Exercise 10

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    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

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    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    1 He likes to play games.
    2 They love to sing.
    3 Music started to play.
    4 He continued to read.
    5 We love it when we go out.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    7 It should be easy to repair.
    8 It will be hard to solve.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    12 I can remember that he told her.

    Exercise 12

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    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    2 You are among friends.
    3 It's just around the corner.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    5 The worst is behind us.
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    12 Go down this road.
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

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    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    3 I got it my friend.
    4 Can I have a glass water?
    5 Can you tell me more it?
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    7 He died the age 95.
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    13 I go to see him time time.
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • b We met on the bus.
    • c She had to go to work.
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • j No, he's an only child.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

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    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    1 How many/much will it cost?
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    3 There will be many/much people.
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    6 That's too much/many money.
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    17 He should get other/another chance.
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    19 How many/much beers did you have?

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

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    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    9 Please let me know as as possible!
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    1 You are a big mistake!
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    3 She's dinner just now.
    4 You should your homework now.
    5 I need to a phone call.
    6 Do you any sports?
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    8 How much money does he ?
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    14 He it to her happy.
    15 Stop fun of me!

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

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    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV
    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?

    Exercise 23

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    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced

    Exercise 24

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    1 Why do you need car?
    2 What do people think?
    3 What will you need?
    4 What things do you like?
    5 Let's go somewhere .
    6 We will find some place.
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    8 I'll come time.
    9 Nobody knows that.
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

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    • Přeložte.

    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.