Exercises

Exercise 1

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  • 477

    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    12 She never speaks to me.
    20 It feels great!
    18 There's no need to worry.
    10 What time does your plane land?
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    1 What are you watching?
    16 Shall we sit down?
    8 We met several times.
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    2 Take a look at this!
    19 That sounds interesting.
    13 Let's go shopping!
    9 Is this your first time here?

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

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  • 479

    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    8 She's afraid of flying.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    2 Frank is coming too.
    10 We got there at seven.
    12 It's going to take a week.
    1 I'm watching the news.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    3 They're going to arrange it.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    11 He's got no children.

    Exercise 3

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  • 480

    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    5 Is she coming too?
    7 Do they agree?
    6 Will you be there?
    8 Should I tell her?
    1 Are you hungry?
    10 Am I right?
    2 Does he know?
    3 Can they help us?
    9 Could he do it for us?
    4 Have you got any money?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

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    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    7 35,785
    6 0.05 seconds
    2 He was 52nd.
    10 in the 1980s
    3 246 people
    12 phone number 670098883
    5 4.6,000,000
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    11 bus number 102
    4 3,500
    9 in the year 2015
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    8 9,756,004

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

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  • 484

    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    7 What did they want? more money
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    13 When did you see him? last week

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    3 I'm going to tell him.
    1 He speaks English.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    9 They could help us.
    10 We'll be able to come.
    8 There were more people.
    4 You should eat less meat.
    6 There's too much water.
    2 She should tell them.

    Exercise 7

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  • 487

    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    10 the car, be, not expensive
    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    6 she, sit between us
    3 she, send us, messages
    8 our dog, not eat that
    9 he, not like the food
    2 my parents, know
    5 I, give him, the money
    4 we, meet, on the bus
    1 he, speak about it

    Exercise 8

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  • 488

    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    4 She's making dinner.
    2 Bob is trying hard.
    7 She's sleeping late.
    3 It's snowing.
    10 I'm drinking beer.
    5 School is beginning.
    6 He's coming.
    1 She's feeling good.

    Exercise 10

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    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

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    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    3 Music started to play.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    1 He likes to play games.
    2 They love to sing.
    4 He continued to read.
    7 It should be easy to repair.
    12 I can remember that he told her.
    5 We love it when we go out.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    8 It will be hard to solve.

    Exercise 12

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  • 493

    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    2 You are among friends.
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    3 It's just around the corner.
    12 Go down this road.
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    5 The worst is behind us.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    8 He lives in the flat above me.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

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    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    5 Can you tell me more it?
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    3 I got it my friend.
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    4 Can I have a glass water?
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    13 I go to see him time time.
    7 He died the age 95.
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • b We met on the bus.
    • c She had to go to work.
    • j No, he's an only child.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • i Usually twice a week.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

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  • 501

    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    3 There will be many/much people.
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    17 He should get other/another chance.
    6 That's too much/many money.
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    8 I have only little/a few friends.

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

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  • 503

    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

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  • 507

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    9 Please let me know as as possible!
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    1 You are a big mistake!
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    6 Do you any sports?
    3 She's dinner just now.
    5 I need to a phone call.
    4 You should your homework now.
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    15 Stop fun of me!
    14 He it to her happy.
    8 How much money does he ?

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

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    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

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  • 513

    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.

    Exercise 23

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  • 514

    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow
    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced

    Exercise 24

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  • 515

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    9 Nobody knows that.
    8 I'll come time.
    5 Let's go somewhere .
    1 Why do you need car?
    6 We will find some place.
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    3 What will you need?
    2 What do people think?
    4 What things do you like?
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

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  • 517

    • Přeložte.

    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.