Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    8 We met several times.
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    2 Take a look at this!
    10 What time does your plane land?
    1 What are you watching?
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    18 There's no need to worry.
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    20 It feels great!
    13 Let's go shopping!
    12 She never speaks to me.
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    16 Shall we sit down?
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    9 Is this your first time here?
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    19 That sounds interesting.
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    2 Frank is coming too.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    8 She's afraid of flying.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    1 I'm watching the news.
    11 He's got no children.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    12 It's going to take a week.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    10 We got there at seven.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    3 They're going to arrange it.

    Exercise 3

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    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    8 Should I tell her?
    2 Does he know?
    9 Could he do it for us?
    6 Will you be there?
    1 Are you hungry?
    10 Am I right?
    7 Do they agree?
    3 Can they help us?
    5 Is she coming too?
    4 Have you got any money?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

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    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    2 He was 52nd.
    11 bus number 102
    8 9,756,004
    9 in the year 2015
    3 246 people
    5 4.6,000,000
    10 in the 1980s
    6 0.05 seconds
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    12 phone number 670098883
    7 35,785
    4 3,500
    1 on May 1st and 26th

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

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    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    7 What did they want? more money
    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    13 When did you see him? last week
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    9 They could help us.
    3 I'm going to tell him.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    6 There's too much water.
    10 We'll be able to come.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    1 He speaks English.
    2 She should tell them.
    8 There were more people.
    4 You should eat less meat.

    Exercise 7

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    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    3 she, send us, messages
    8 our dog, not eat that
    10 the car, be, not expensive
    2 my parents, know
    4 we, meet, on the bus
    9 he, not like the food
    1 he, speak about it
    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    5 I, give him, the money
    6 she, sit between us

    Exercise 8

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    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better
    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    2 Bob is trying hard.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    4 She's making dinner.
    10 I'm drinking beer.
    1 She's feeling good.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    6 He's coming.
    5 School is beginning.
    3 It's snowing.
    7 She's sleeping late.

    Exercise 10

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    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

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    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    5 We love it when we go out.
    8 It will be hard to solve.
    7 It should be easy to repair.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    4 He continued to read.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    2 They love to sing.
    1 He likes to play games.
    3 Music started to play.
    12 I can remember that he told her.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.

    Exercise 12

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    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    5 The worst is behind us.
    3 It's just around the corner.
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    2 You are among friends.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    12 Go down this road.
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    11 You can't take it on the plane.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

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    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    4 Can I have a glass water?
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    13 I go to see him time time.
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    5 Can you tell me more it?
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    7 He died the age 95.
    3 I got it my friend.
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • j No, he's an only child.
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • c She had to go to work.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • b We met on the bus.
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

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    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    3 There will be many/much people.
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    17 He should get other/another chance.
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    6 That's too much/many money.

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

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    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    9 Please let me know as as possible!
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    1 You are a big mistake!
    5 I need to a phone call.
    14 He it to her happy.
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    3 She's dinner just now.
    4 You should your homework now.
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    15 Stop fun of me!
    8 How much money does he ?
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    6 Do you any sports?

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

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    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country
    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.

    Exercise 23

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    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands

    Exercise 24

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    3 What will you need?
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    9 Nobody knows that.
    4 What things do you like?
    8 I'll come time.
    6 We will find some place.
    1 Why do you need car?
    2 What do people think?
    5 Let's go somewhere .

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

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    • Přeložte.

    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.