Exercises

Exercise 1

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  • 477

    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    10 What time does your plane land?
    20 It feels great!
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    12 She never speaks to me.
    13 Let's go shopping!
    2 Take a look at this!
    8 We met several times.
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    1 What are you watching?
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    9 Is this your first time here?
    18 There's no need to worry.
    19 That sounds interesting.
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    16 Shall we sit down?

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

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  • 479

    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    1 I'm watching the news.
    12 It's going to take a week.
    8 She's afraid of flying.
    3 They're going to arrange it.
    10 We got there at seven.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    2 Frank is coming too.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    11 He's got no children.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.

    Exercise 3

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    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    7 Do they agree?
    10 Am I right?
    1 Are you hungry?
    6 Will you be there?
    9 Could he do it for us?
    4 Have you got any money?
    5 Is she coming too?
    2 Does he know?
    3 Can they help us?
    8 Should I tell her?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

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    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    7 35,785
    5 4.6,000,000
    4 3,500
    9 in the year 2015
    12 phone number 670098883
    10 in the 1980s
    8 9,756,004
    3 246 people
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    2 He was 52nd.
    11 bus number 102
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    6 0.05 seconds

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

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  • 484

    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    9 What did you drink? only tea
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    7 What did they want? more money
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    13 When did you see him? last week
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    3 I'm going to tell him.
    2 She should tell them.
    1 He speaks English.
    4 You should eat less meat.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    10 We'll be able to come.
    6 There's too much water.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    9 They could help us.
    8 There were more people.

    Exercise 7

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    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    9 he, not like the food
    3 she, send us, messages
    5 I, give him, the money
    8 our dog, not eat that
    1 he, speak about it
    10 the car, be, not expensive
    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    4 we, meet, on the bus
    6 she, sit between us
    2 my parents, know

    Exercise 8

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  • 488

    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    4 She's making dinner.
    6 He's coming.
    10 I'm drinking beer.
    1 She's feeling good.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    2 Bob is trying hard.
    3 It's snowing.
    7 She's sleeping late.
    5 School is beginning.

    Exercise 10

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    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

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    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    5 We love it when we go out.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    12 I can remember that he told her.
    8 It will be hard to solve.
    2 They love to sing.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    3 Music started to play.
    7 It should be easy to repair.
    1 He likes to play games.
    4 He continued to read.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.

    Exercise 12

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  • 493

    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    10 I'm ready for anything.
    3 It's just around the corner.
    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    12 Go down this road.
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    5 The worst is behind us.
    2 You are among friends.
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

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    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    7 He died the age 95.
    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    5 Can you tell me more it?
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    13 I go to see him time time.
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    3 I got it my friend.
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    4 Can I have a glass water?

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • b We met on the bus.
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • j No, he's an only child.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • c She had to go to work.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

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    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    3 There will be many/much people.
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    17 He should get other/another chance.
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    6 That's too much/many money.

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

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    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    9 Please let me know as as possible!
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    5 I need to a phone call.
    15 Stop fun of me!
    1 You are a big mistake!
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    8 How much money does he ?
    6 Do you any sports?
    4 You should your homework now.
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    3 She's dinner just now.
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    14 He it to her happy.
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

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    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV
    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.

    Exercise 23

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  • 514

    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter

    Exercise 24

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  • 515

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    6 We will find some place.
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    3 What will you need?
    2 What do people think?
    8 I'll come time.
    1 Why do you need car?
    9 Nobody knows that.
    4 What things do you like?
    5 Let's go somewhere .
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

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    • Přeložte.

    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    13 John tam chodí každý den.

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.