Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    1 What are you watching?
    9 Is this your first time here?
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    16 Shall we sit down?
    19 That sounds interesting.
    10 What time does your plane land?
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    18 There's no need to worry.
    12 She never speaks to me.
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    2 Take a look at this!
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    13 Let's go shopping!
    20 It feels great!
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    8 We met several times.

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    12 It's going to take a week.
    10 We got there at seven.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    8 She's afraid of flying.
    1 I'm watching the news.
    3 They're going to arrange it.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    2 Frank is coming too.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    11 He's got no children.
    6 Only ten people came there.

    Exercise 3

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    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    6 Will you be there?
    2 Does he know?
    7 Do they agree?
    8 Should I tell her?
    5 Is she coming too?
    4 Have you got any money?
    9 Could he do it for us?
    1 Are you hungry?
    3 Can they help us?
    10 Am I right?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

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    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    11 bus number 102
    12 phone number 670098883
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    8 9,756,004
    6 0.05 seconds
    4 3,500
    7 35,785
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    2 He was 52nd.
    3 246 people
    5 4.6,000,000
    10 in the 1980s
    9 in the year 2015

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

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    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    7 What did they want? more money
    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    13 When did you see him? last week

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    8 There were more people.
    6 There's too much water.
    4 You should eat less meat.
    9 They could help us.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    2 She should tell them.
    10 We'll be able to come.
    1 He speaks English.
    3 I'm going to tell him.

    Exercise 7

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    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    1 he, speak about it
    4 we, meet, on the bus
    3 she, send us, messages
    10 the car, be, not expensive
    2 my parents, know
    9 he, not like the food
    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    6 she, sit between us
    5 I, give him, the money
    8 our dog, not eat that

    Exercise 8

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    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better
    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    6 He's coming.
    10 I'm drinking beer.
    7 She's sleeping late.
    3 It's snowing.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    5 School is beginning.
    2 Bob is trying hard.
    4 She's making dinner.
    1 She's feeling good.

    Exercise 10

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    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

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    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    3 Music started to play.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    4 He continued to read.
    12 I can remember that he told her.
    2 They love to sing.
    7 It should be easy to repair.
    1 He likes to play games.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    8 It will be hard to solve.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    5 We love it when we go out.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.

    Exercise 12

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    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    2 You are among friends.
    5 The worst is behind us.
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    12 Go down this road.
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    3 It's just around the corner.
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    9 He sits in front of the TV.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

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    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    4 Can I have a glass water?
    7 He died the age 95.
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    13 I go to see him time time.
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    5 Can you tell me more it?
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    3 I got it my friend.

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • b We met on the bus.
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • j No, he's an only child.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • c She had to go to work.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

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    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    4 I tried it many/much times.
    6 That's too much/many money.
    3 There will be many/much people.
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    17 He should get other/another chance.
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

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    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    9 Please let me know as as possible!
    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    1 You are a big mistake!
    4 You should your homework now.
    15 Stop fun of me!
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    14 He it to her happy.
    3 She's dinner just now.
    6 Do you any sports?
    8 How much money does he ?
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    5 I need to a phone call.
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

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    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?

    Exercise 23

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    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow

    Exercise 24

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  • 515

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    1 Why do you need car?
    9 Nobody knows that.
    4 What things do you like?
    2 What do people think?
    5 Let's go somewhere .
    3 What will you need?
    8 I'll come time.
    6 We will find some place.

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

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    • Přeložte.

    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    10 Kolik to stojí?

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.