Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    18 There's no need to worry.
    1 What are you watching?
    19 That sounds interesting.
    9 Is this your first time here?
    8 We met several times.
    10 What time does your plane land?
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    12 She never speaks to me.
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    2 Take a look at this!
    20 It feels great!
    13 Let's go shopping!
    16 Shall we sit down?
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    7 It was nice meeting you.

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    11 He's got no children.
    8 She's afraid of flying.
    10 We got there at seven.
    3 They're going to arrange it.
    1 I'm watching the news.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    2 Frank is coming too.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    12 It's going to take a week.

    Exercise 3

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    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    7 Do they agree?
    2 Does he know?
    8 Should I tell her?
    6 Will you be there?
    10 Am I right?
    9 Could he do it for us?
    5 Is she coming too?
    3 Can they help us?
    4 Have you got any money?
    1 Are you hungry?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

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    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    5 4.6,000,000
    3 246 people
    9 in the year 2015
    6 0.05 seconds
    4 3,500
    11 bus number 102
    7 35,785
    12 phone number 670098883
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    2 He was 52nd.
    10 in the 1980s
    8 9,756,004

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

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    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday
    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    7 What did they want? more money
    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    13 When did you see him? last week
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    4 You should eat less meat.
    1 He speaks English.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    6 There's too much water.
    10 We'll be able to come.
    3 I'm going to tell him.
    2 She should tell them.
    9 They could help us.
    8 There were more people.

    Exercise 7

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    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    9 he, not like the food
    6 she, sit between us
    8 our dog, not eat that
    2 my parents, know
    10 the car, be, not expensive
    4 we, meet, on the bus
    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    1 he, speak about it
    5 I, give him, the money
    3 she, send us, messages

    Exercise 8

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    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    5 School is beginning.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    1 She's feeling good.
    4 She's making dinner.
    7 She's sleeping late.
    6 He's coming.
    10 I'm drinking beer.
    2 Bob is trying hard.
    3 It's snowing.

    Exercise 10

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    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

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    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    5 We love it when we go out.
    3 Music started to play.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    2 They love to sing.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    12 I can remember that he told her.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    8 It will be hard to solve.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    4 He continued to read.
    7 It should be easy to repair.
    1 He likes to play games.

    Exercise 12

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    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    3 It's just around the corner.
    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    5 The worst is behind us.
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    12 Go down this road.
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    2 You are among friends.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

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    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    5 Can you tell me more it?
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    7 He died the age 95.
    3 I got it my friend.
    4 Can I have a glass water?
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    13 I go to see him time time.
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • b We met on the bus.
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • j No, he's an only child.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • c She had to go to work.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

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    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    6 That's too much/many money.
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    3 There will be many/much people.
    17 He should get other/another chance.
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

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    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    9 Please let me know as as possible!
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    5 I need to a phone call.
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    4 You should your homework now.
    1 You are a big mistake!
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    3 She's dinner just now.
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    6 Do you any sports?
    14 He it to her happy.
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    15 Stop fun of me!
    8 How much money does he ?
    12 Who's going to the shopping?

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

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    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country
    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.

    Exercise 23

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    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow
    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter

    Exercise 24

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    4 What things do you like?
    9 Nobody knows that.
    8 I'll come time.
    2 What do people think?
    1 Why do you need car?
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    5 Let's go somewhere .
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    6 We will find some place.
    3 What will you need?

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

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    • Přeložte.

    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.