Exercises

Exercise 1

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  • 477

    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    15 He doesn't care about her.
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    2 Take a look at this!
    20 It feels great!
    19 That sounds interesting.
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    1 What are you watching?
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    12 She never speaks to me.
    10 What time does your plane land?
    16 Shall we sit down?
    13 Let's go shopping!
    9 Is this your first time here?
    8 We met several times.
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    18 There's no need to worry.

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

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  • 479

    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    11 He's got no children.
    1 I'm watching the news.
    10 We got there at seven.
    12 It's going to take a week.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    3 They're going to arrange it.
    8 She's afraid of flying.
    2 Frank is coming too.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    6 Only ten people came there.

    Exercise 3

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  • 480

    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    6 Will you be there?
    8 Should I tell her?
    3 Can they help us?
    10 Am I right?
    5 Is she coming too?
    9 Could he do it for us?
    7 Do they agree?
    2 Does he know?
    1 Are you hungry?
    4 Have you got any money?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

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    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    10 in the 1980s
    3 246 people
    8 9,756,004
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    11 bus number 102
    12 phone number 670098883
    2 He was 52nd.
    4 3,500
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    7 35,785
    9 in the year 2015
    5 4.6,000,000
    6 0.05 seconds

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

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  • 484

    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    13 When did you see him? last week
    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    7 What did they want? more money

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    10 We'll be able to come.
    3 I'm going to tell him.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    8 There were more people.
    1 He speaks English.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    9 They could help us.
    6 There's too much water.
    2 She should tell them.
    4 You should eat less meat.

    Exercise 7

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    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    1 he, speak about it
    4 we, meet, on the bus
    6 she, sit between us
    10 the car, be, not expensive
    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    3 she, send us, messages
    8 our dog, not eat that
    9 he, not like the food
    5 I, give him, the money
    2 my parents, know

    Exercise 8

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  • 488

    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better
    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look

    Exercise 9

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  • 489

    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    3 It's snowing.
    7 She's sleeping late.
    5 School is beginning.
    4 She's making dinner.
    10 I'm drinking beer.
    6 He's coming.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    1 She's feeling good.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    2 Bob is trying hard.

    Exercise 10

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    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

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  • 492

    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    5 We love it when we go out.
    7 It should be easy to repair.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    1 He likes to play games.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    4 He continued to read.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    8 It will be hard to solve.
    3 Music started to play.
    2 They love to sing.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    12 I can remember that he told her.

    Exercise 12

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  • 493

    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    2 You are among friends.
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    3 It's just around the corner.
    5 The worst is behind us.
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    12 Go down this road.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

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    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    13 I go to see him time time.
    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    4 Can I have a glass water?
    3 I got it my friend.
    7 He died the age 95.
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    5 Can you tell me more it?

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • c She had to go to work.
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • j No, he's an only child.
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • b We met on the bus.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

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  • 501

    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    17 He should get other/another chance.
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    6 That's too much/many money.
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    3 There will be many/much people.
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    7 There were less/fewer people.

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

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  • 503

    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

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  • 507

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    9 Please let me know as as possible!
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    6 Do you any sports?
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    14 He it to her happy.
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    8 How much money does he ?
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    4 You should your homework now.
    5 I need to a phone call.
    1 You are a big mistake!
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    3 She's dinner just now.
    15 Stop fun of me!
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

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    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?

    Exercise 23

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  • 514

    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow

    Exercise 24

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  • 515

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    9 Nobody knows that.
    1 Why do you need car?
    5 Let's go somewhere .
    4 What things do you like?
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    2 What do people think?
    6 We will find some place.
    3 What will you need?
    8 I'll come time.

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

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  • 517

    • Přeložte.

    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    10 Kolik to stojí?

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.