Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    1 What are you watching?
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    16 Shall we sit down?
    10 What time does your plane land?
    18 There's no need to worry.
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    13 Let's go shopping!
    12 She never speaks to me.
    8 We met several times.
    9 Is this your first time here?
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    19 That sounds interesting.
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    20 It feels great!
    2 Take a look at this!

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    12 It's going to take a week.
    2 Frank is coming too.
    11 He's got no children.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    3 They're going to arrange it.
    8 She's afraid of flying.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    10 We got there at seven.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    1 I'm watching the news.

    Exercise 3

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    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    4 Have you got any money?
    9 Could he do it for us?
    8 Should I tell her?
    6 Will you be there?
    10 Am I right?
    3 Can they help us?
    2 Does he know?
    5 Is she coming too?
    1 Are you hungry?
    7 Do they agree?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

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    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    10 in the 1980s
    11 bus number 102
    3 246 people
    2 He was 52nd.
    7 35,785
    4 3,500
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    12 phone number 670098883
    6 0.05 seconds
    8 9,756,004
    9 in the year 2015
    5 4.6,000,000
    1 on May 1st and 26th

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

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    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    7 What did they want? more money
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    13 When did you see him? last week
    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    2 She should tell them.
    9 They could help us.
    3 I'm going to tell him.
    10 We'll be able to come.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    6 There's too much water.
    4 You should eat less meat.
    1 He speaks English.
    8 There were more people.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.

    Exercise 7

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    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    1 he, speak about it
    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    6 she, sit between us
    3 she, send us, messages
    4 we, meet, on the bus
    10 the car, be, not expensive
    2 my parents, know
    5 I, give him, the money
    9 he, not like the food
    8 our dog, not eat that

    Exercise 8

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    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    6 He's coming.
    7 She's sleeping late.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    3 It's snowing.
    2 Bob is trying hard.
    4 She's making dinner.
    5 School is beginning.
    1 She's feeling good.
    10 I'm drinking beer.

    Exercise 10

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    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

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    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    7 It should be easy to repair.
    8 It will be hard to solve.
    12 I can remember that he told her.
    4 He continued to read.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    2 They love to sing.
    3 Music started to play.
    1 He likes to play games.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    5 We love it when we go out.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.

    Exercise 12

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  • 493

    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    2 You are among friends.
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    3 It's just around the corner.
    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    5 The worst is behind us.
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    12 Go down this road.
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    1 She left for work an hour ago.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

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    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    5 Can you tell me more it?
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    3 I got it my friend.
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    13 I go to see him time time.
    7 He died the age 95.
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    4 Can I have a glass water?

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • j No, he's an only child.
    • b We met on the bus.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • c She had to go to work.
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

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    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    12 I speak very little/few English.
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    3 There will be many/much people.
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    17 He should get other/another chance.
    6 That's too much/many money.
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    8 I have only little/a few friends.

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

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    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    9 Please let me know as as possible!
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    15 Stop fun of me!
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    14 He it to her happy.
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    3 She's dinner just now.
    1 You are a big mistake!
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    8 How much money does he ?
    4 You should your homework now.
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    6 Do you any sports?
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    5 I need to a phone call.

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

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    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV
    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?

    Exercise 23

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    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced

    Exercise 24

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  • 515

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    2 What do people think?
    5 Let's go somewhere .
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    3 What will you need?
    6 We will find some place.
    4 What things do you like?
    8 I'll come time.
    1 Why do you need car?
    9 Nobody knows that.

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

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    • Přeložte.

    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.