Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    1 What are you watching?
    8 We met several times.
    18 There's no need to worry.
    16 Shall we sit down?
    12 She never speaks to me.
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    2 Take a look at this!
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    20 It feels great!
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    13 Let's go shopping!
    19 That sounds interesting.
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    9 Is this your first time here?
    10 What time does your plane land?

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    3 They're going to arrange it.
    12 It's going to take a week.
    10 We got there at seven.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    1 I'm watching the news.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    8 She's afraid of flying.
    11 He's got no children.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    2 Frank is coming too.

    Exercise 3

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    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    8 Should I tell her?
    5 Is she coming too?
    6 Will you be there?
    3 Can they help us?
    2 Does he know?
    7 Do they agree?
    9 Could he do it for us?
    4 Have you got any money?
    10 Am I right?
    1 Are you hungry?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

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    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    7 35,785
    2 He was 52nd.
    3 246 people
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    5 4.6,000,000
    12 phone number 670098883
    8 9,756,004
    4 3,500
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    6 0.05 seconds
    10 in the 1980s
    11 bus number 102
    9 in the year 2015

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

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    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    13 When did you see him? last week
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    7 What did they want? more money

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    2 She should tell them.
    10 We'll be able to come.
    1 He speaks English.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    6 There's too much water.
    4 You should eat less meat.
    3 I'm going to tell him.
    8 There were more people.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    9 They could help us.

    Exercise 7

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    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    10 the car, be, not expensive
    4 we, meet, on the bus
    3 she, send us, messages
    5 I, give him, the money
    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    9 he, not like the food
    8 our dog, not eat that
    2 my parents, know
    1 he, speak about it
    6 she, sit between us

    Exercise 8

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    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better
    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    1 She's feeling good.
    6 He's coming.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    3 It's snowing.
    4 She's making dinner.
    2 Bob is trying hard.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    7 She's sleeping late.
    5 School is beginning.
    10 I'm drinking beer.

    Exercise 10

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    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

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    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    2 They love to sing.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    4 He continued to read.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    5 We love it when we go out.
    3 Music started to play.
    12 I can remember that he told her.
    8 It will be hard to solve.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    1 He likes to play games.
    7 It should be easy to repair.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.

    Exercise 12

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    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    12 Go down this road.
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    2 You are among friends.
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    3 It's just around the corner.
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    5 The worst is behind us.
    9 He sits in front of the TV.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

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    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    3 I got it my friend.
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    5 Can you tell me more it?
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    4 Can I have a glass water?
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    7 He died the age 95.
    13 I go to see him time time.
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • j No, he's an only child.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • c She had to go to work.
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • b We met on the bus.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

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    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    3 There will be many/much people.
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    6 That's too much/many money.
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    17 He should get other/another chance.
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

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    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    9 Please let me know as as possible!
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    8 How much money does he ?
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    14 He it to her happy.
    1 You are a big mistake!
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    15 Stop fun of me!
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    6 Do you any sports?
    3 She's dinner just now.
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    4 You should your homework now.
    5 I need to a phone call.
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

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    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.

    Exercise 23

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  • 514

    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced

    Exercise 24

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  • 515

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    8 I'll come time.
    5 Let's go somewhere .
    6 We will find some place.
    9 Nobody knows that.
    3 What will you need?
    2 What do people think?
    4 What things do you like?
    1 Why do you need car?

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

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    • Přeložte.

    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.