Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    2 Take a look at this!
    9 Is this your first time here?
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    12 She never speaks to me.
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    13 Let's go shopping!
    16 Shall we sit down?
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    18 There's no need to worry.
    10 What time does your plane land?
    20 It feels great!
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    19 That sounds interesting.
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    1 What are you watching?
    8 We met several times.
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    2 Frank is coming too.
    8 She's afraid of flying.
    12 It's going to take a week.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    11 He's got no children.
    1 I'm watching the news.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    3 They're going to arrange it.
    10 We got there at seven.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.

    Exercise 3

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    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    9 Could he do it for us?
    2 Does he know?
    8 Should I tell her?
    1 Are you hungry?
    7 Do they agree?
    6 Will you be there?
    4 Have you got any money?
    10 Am I right?
    5 Is she coming too?
    3 Can they help us?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

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    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    6 0.05 seconds
    12 phone number 670098883
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    4 3,500
    8 9,756,004
    10 in the 1980s
    3 246 people
    7 35,785
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    11 bus number 102
    5 4.6,000,000
    9 in the year 2015
    2 He was 52nd.

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

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    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    13 When did you see him? last week
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    7 What did they want? more money
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    3 I'm going to tell him.
    8 There were more people.
    2 She should tell them.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    6 There's too much water.
    9 They could help us.
    4 You should eat less meat.
    1 He speaks English.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    10 We'll be able to come.

    Exercise 7

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    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    3 she, send us, messages
    2 my parents, know
    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    10 the car, be, not expensive
    1 he, speak about it
    5 I, give him, the money
    9 he, not like the food
    6 she, sit between us
    8 our dog, not eat that
    4 we, meet, on the bus

    Exercise 8

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    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    1 She's feeling good.
    6 He's coming.
    2 Bob is trying hard.
    10 I'm drinking beer.
    3 It's snowing.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    5 School is beginning.
    7 She's sleeping late.
    4 She's making dinner.

    Exercise 10

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    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

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    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    3 Music started to play.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    5 We love it when we go out.
    4 He continued to read.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    8 It will be hard to solve.
    7 It should be easy to repair.
    12 I can remember that he told her.
    2 They love to sing.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    1 He likes to play games.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.

    Exercise 12

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    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    10 I'm ready for anything.
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    2 You are among friends.
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    3 It's just around the corner.
    5 The worst is behind us.
    12 Go down this road.
    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    8 He lives in the flat above me.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

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    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    5 Can you tell me more it?
    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    13 I go to see him time time.
    7 He died the age 95.
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    3 I got it my friend.
    4 Can I have a glass water?

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • j No, he's an only child.
    • c She had to go to work.
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • b We met on the bus.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • i Usually twice a week.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

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    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    6 That's too much/many money.
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    3 There will be many/much people.
    17 He should get other/another chance.
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

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    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    9 Please let me know as as possible!
    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    1 You are a big mistake!
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    15 Stop fun of me!
    3 She's dinner just now.
    5 I need to a phone call.
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    6 Do you any sports?
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    8 How much money does he ?
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    4 You should your homework now.
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    14 He it to her happy.

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

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    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV
    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?

    Exercise 23

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    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow
    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands

    Exercise 24

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    5 Let's go somewhere .
    8 I'll come time.
    9 Nobody knows that.
    2 What do people think?
    3 What will you need?
    6 We will find some place.
    1 Why do you need car?
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    4 What things do you like?

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

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    • Přeložte.

    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.