Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    19 That sounds interesting.
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    9 Is this your first time here?
    16 Shall we sit down?
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    18 There's no need to worry.
    8 We met several times.
    10 What time does your plane land?
    20 It feels great!
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    2 Take a look at this!
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    12 She never speaks to me.
    13 Let's go shopping!
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    1 What are you watching?

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    10 We got there at seven.
    11 He's got no children.
    8 She's afraid of flying.
    2 Frank is coming too.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    12 It's going to take a week.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    1 I'm watching the news.
    3 They're going to arrange it.

    Exercise 3

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    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    4 Have you got any money?
    2 Does he know?
    8 Should I tell her?
    5 Is she coming too?
    6 Will you be there?
    7 Do they agree?
    10 Am I right?
    1 Are you hungry?
    9 Could he do it for us?
    3 Can they help us?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

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    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    2 He was 52nd.
    8 9,756,004
    7 35,785
    9 in the year 2015
    3 246 people
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    4 3,500
    10 in the 1980s
    5 4.6,000,000
    12 phone number 670098883
    11 bus number 102
    6 0.05 seconds
    1 on May 1st and 26th

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

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    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    7 What did they want? more money
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    13 When did you see him? last week
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    12 What did she tell you? nothing

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    2 She should tell them.
    3 I'm going to tell him.
    6 There's too much water.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    10 We'll be able to come.
    4 You should eat less meat.
    1 He speaks English.
    9 They could help us.
    8 There were more people.

    Exercise 7

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    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    3 she, send us, messages
    4 we, meet, on the bus
    8 our dog, not eat that
    5 I, give him, the money
    1 he, speak about it
    2 my parents, know
    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    6 she, sit between us
    9 he, not like the food
    10 the car, be, not expensive

    Exercise 8

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    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    2 Bob is trying hard.
    3 It's snowing.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    10 I'm drinking beer.
    5 School is beginning.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    7 She's sleeping late.
    6 He's coming.
    1 She's feeling good.
    4 She's making dinner.

    Exercise 10

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    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

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    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    2 They love to sing.
    3 Music started to play.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    12 I can remember that he told her.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    1 He likes to play games.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    4 He continued to read.
    5 We love it when we go out.
    7 It should be easy to repair.
    8 It will be hard to solve.

    Exercise 12

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    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    3 It's just around the corner.
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    2 You are among friends.
    12 Go down this road.
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    5 The worst is behind us.
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

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    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    13 I go to see him time time.
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    4 Can I have a glass water?
    7 He died the age 95.
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    3 I got it my friend.
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    5 Can you tell me more it?
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    12 You should do it soon possible.

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • b We met on the bus.
    • j No, he's an only child.
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • c She had to go to work.
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

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    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    17 He should get other/another chance.
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    3 There will be many/much people.
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    6 That's too much/many money.
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

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    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    9 Please let me know as as possible!
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    3 She's dinner just now.
    8 How much money does he ?
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    15 Stop fun of me!
    5 I need to a phone call.
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    4 You should your homework now.
    14 He it to her happy.
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    1 You are a big mistake!
    6 Do you any sports?

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

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    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.

    Exercise 23

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    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson

    Exercise 24

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    4 What things do you like?
    9 Nobody knows that.
    5 Let's go somewhere .
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    8 I'll come time.
    1 Why do you need car?
    3 What will you need?
    2 What do people think?
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    6 We will find some place.

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

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    • Přeložte.

    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.