Exercises

Exercise 1

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  • 477

    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    20 It feels great!
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    9 Is this your first time here?
    1 What are you watching?
    16 Shall we sit down?
    8 We met several times.
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    18 There's no need to worry.
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    19 That sounds interesting.
    13 Let's go shopping!
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    2 Take a look at this!
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    12 She never speaks to me.
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    10 What time does your plane land?

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

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  • 479

    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    9 He goes there twice a week.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    3 They're going to arrange it.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    12 It's going to take a week.
    11 He's got no children.
    2 Frank is coming too.
    10 We got there at seven.
    8 She's afraid of flying.
    1 I'm watching the news.

    Exercise 3

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  • 480

    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    9 Could he do it for us?
    1 Are you hungry?
    6 Will you be there?
    8 Should I tell her?
    4 Have you got any money?
    3 Can they help us?
    2 Does he know?
    5 Is she coming too?
    7 Do they agree?
    10 Am I right?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

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    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    4 3,500
    9 in the year 2015
    2 He was 52nd.
    6 0.05 seconds
    7 35,785
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    10 in the 1980s
    5 4.6,000,000
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    12 phone number 670098883
    3 246 people
    11 bus number 102
    8 9,756,004

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

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  • 484

    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    13 When did you see him? last week
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    7 What did they want? more money

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    2 She should tell them.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    10 We'll be able to come.
    4 You should eat less meat.
    8 There were more people.
    3 I'm going to tell him.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    9 They could help us.
    6 There's too much water.
    1 He speaks English.

    Exercise 7

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    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    1 he, speak about it
    4 we, meet, on the bus
    9 he, not like the food
    10 the car, be, not expensive
    3 she, send us, messages
    6 she, sit between us
    2 my parents, know
    8 our dog, not eat that
    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    5 I, give him, the money

    Exercise 8

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  • 488

    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look
    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    1 She's feeling good.
    2 Bob is trying hard.
    4 She's making dinner.
    6 He's coming.
    3 It's snowing.
    5 School is beginning.
    10 I'm drinking beer.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    7 She's sleeping late.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.

    Exercise 10

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    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

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  • 492

    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    7 It should be easy to repair.
    5 We love it when we go out.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    1 He likes to play games.
    8 It will be hard to solve.
    2 They love to sing.
    4 He continued to read.
    3 Music started to play.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    12 I can remember that he told her.

    Exercise 12

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  • 493

    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    10 I'm ready for anything.
    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    5 The worst is behind us.
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    2 You are among friends.
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    3 It's just around the corner.
    12 Go down this road.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    11 You can't take it on the plane.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

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    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    4 Can I have a glass water?
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    13 I go to see him time time.
    5 Can you tell me more it?
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    3 I got it my friend.
    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    7 He died the age 95.
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • b We met on the bus.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • j No, he's an only child.
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • c She had to go to work.
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

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    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    17 He should get other/another chance.
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    6 That's too much/many money.
    3 There will be many/much people.

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

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  • 503

    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

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  • 507

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    9 Please let me know as as possible!
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    3 She's dinner just now.
    6 Do you any sports?
    4 You should your homework now.
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    5 I need to a phone call.
    1 You are a big mistake!
    15 Stop fun of me!
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    14 He it to her happy.
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    8 How much money does he ?
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

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    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?

    Exercise 23

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  • 514

    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter
    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single

    Exercise 24

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  • 515

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    5 Let's go somewhere .
    4 What things do you like?
    6 We will find some place.
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    8 I'll come time.
    1 Why do you need car?
    3 What will you need?
    2 What do people think?
    9 Nobody knows that.

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

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  • 517

    • Přeložte.

    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    10 Kolik to stojí?

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.