Exercises

Exercise 1

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  • 477

    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    8 We met several times.
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    10 What time does your plane land?
    18 There's no need to worry.
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    1 What are you watching?
    9 Is this your first time here?
    19 That sounds interesting.
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    2 Take a look at this!
    12 She never speaks to me.
    16 Shall we sit down?
    20 It feels great!
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    13 Let's go shopping!

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    12 It's going to take a week.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    2 Frank is coming too.
    11 He's got no children.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    10 We got there at seven.
    8 She's afraid of flying.
    3 They're going to arrange it.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    1 I'm watching the news.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.

    Exercise 3

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    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    7 Do they agree?
    5 Is she coming too?
    1 Are you hungry?
    2 Does he know?
    8 Should I tell her?
    9 Could he do it for us?
    3 Can they help us?
    6 Will you be there?
    10 Am I right?
    4 Have you got any money?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

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    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    7 35,785
    8 9,756,004
    3 246 people
    10 in the 1980s
    6 0.05 seconds
    2 He was 52nd.
    9 in the year 2015
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    11 bus number 102
    5 4.6,000,000
    12 phone number 670098883
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    4 3,500

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

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  • 484

    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    13 When did you see him? last week
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    7 What did they want? more money
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    3 I'm going to tell him.
    6 There's too much water.
    8 There were more people.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    2 She should tell them.
    1 He speaks English.
    9 They could help us.
    4 You should eat less meat.
    10 We'll be able to come.

    Exercise 7

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    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    6 she, sit between us
    9 he, not like the food
    4 we, meet, on the bus
    2 my parents, know
    10 the car, be, not expensive
    3 she, send us, messages
    1 he, speak about it
    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    5 I, give him, the money
    8 our dog, not eat that

    Exercise 8

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    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    2 Bob is trying hard.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    7 She's sleeping late.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    10 I'm drinking beer.
    4 She's making dinner.
    5 School is beginning.
    1 She's feeling good.
    3 It's snowing.
    6 He's coming.

    Exercise 10

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    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

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    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    1 He likes to play games.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    12 I can remember that he told her.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    5 We love it when we go out.
    3 Music started to play.
    7 It should be easy to repair.
    8 It will be hard to solve.
    2 They love to sing.
    4 He continued to read.

    Exercise 12

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    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    2 You are among friends.
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    5 The worst is behind us.
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    12 Go down this road.
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    3 It's just around the corner.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

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    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    3 I got it my friend.
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    13 I go to see him time time.
    4 Can I have a glass water?
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    5 Can you tell me more it?
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    7 He died the age 95.

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • c She had to go to work.
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • b We met on the bus.
    • j No, he's an only child.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

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  • 501

    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    12 I speak very little/few English.
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    6 That's too much/many money.
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    17 He should get other/another chance.
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    3 There will be many/much people.
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    1 How many/much will it cost?

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

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    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    9 Please let me know as as possible!
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    4 You should your homework now.
    1 You are a big mistake!
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    6 Do you any sports?
    3 She's dinner just now.
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    8 How much money does he ?
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    14 He it to her happy.
    15 Stop fun of me!
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    5 I need to a phone call.

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

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    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.

    Exercise 23

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  • 514

    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter

    Exercise 24

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  • 515

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    1 Why do you need car?
    3 What will you need?
    5 Let's go somewhere .
    2 What do people think?
    8 I'll come time.
    6 We will find some place.
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    9 Nobody knows that.
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    4 What things do you like?

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

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    • Přeložte.

    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    11 Nepotřebuji to.

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.