Exercises

Exercise 1

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  • 477

    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    1 What are you watching?
    19 That sounds interesting.
    8 We met several times.
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    20 It feels great!
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    2 Take a look at this!
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    12 She never speaks to me.
    13 Let's go shopping!
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    16 Shall we sit down?
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    9 Is this your first time here?
    10 What time does your plane land?
    18 There's no need to worry.

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    12 It's going to take a week.
    8 She's afraid of flying.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    3 They're going to arrange it.
    10 We got there at seven.
    2 Frank is coming too.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    11 He's got no children.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    1 I'm watching the news.

    Exercise 3

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  • 480

    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    1 Are you hungry?
    10 Am I right?
    6 Will you be there?
    2 Does he know?
    4 Have you got any money?
    8 Should I tell her?
    5 Is she coming too?
    3 Can they help us?
    9 Could he do it for us?
    7 Do they agree?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

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    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    1 on May 1st and 26th
    9 in the year 2015
    2 He was 52nd.
    6 0.05 seconds
    8 9,756,004
    11 bus number 102
    3 246 people
    10 in the 1980s
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    7 35,785
    5 4.6,000,000
    12 phone number 670098883
    4 3,500

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

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    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    7 What did they want? more money
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    13 When did you see him? last week

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    10 We'll be able to come.
    3 I'm going to tell him.
    1 He speaks English.
    2 She should tell them.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    4 You should eat less meat.
    6 There's too much water.
    9 They could help us.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    8 There were more people.

    Exercise 7

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    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    9 he, not like the food
    3 she, send us, messages
    8 our dog, not eat that
    2 my parents, know
    5 I, give him, the money
    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    6 she, sit between us
    1 he, speak about it
    4 we, meet, on the bus
    10 the car, be, not expensive

    Exercise 8

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    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    7 She's sleeping late.
    2 Bob is trying hard.
    6 He's coming.
    4 She's making dinner.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    10 I'm drinking beer.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    3 It's snowing.
    5 School is beginning.
    1 She's feeling good.

    Exercise 10

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    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

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    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    7 It should be easy to repair.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    2 They love to sing.
    5 We love it when we go out.
    1 He likes to play games.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    12 I can remember that he told her.
    3 Music started to play.
    8 It will be hard to solve.
    4 He continued to read.

    Exercise 12

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  • 493

    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    10 I'm ready for anything.
    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    3 It's just around the corner.
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    12 Go down this road.
    5 The worst is behind us.
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    2 You are among friends.
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    8 He lives in the flat above me.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

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    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    3 I got it my friend.
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    4 Can I have a glass water?
    5 Can you tell me more it?
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    7 He died the age 95.
    13 I go to see him time time.
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    10 I'm going to stay three days.

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • b We met on the bus.
    • j No, he's an only child.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • c She had to go to work.
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

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    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    17 He should get other/another chance.
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    3 There will be many/much people.
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    6 That's too much/many money.
    4 I tried it many/much times.

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

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    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    9 Please let me know as as possible!
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    8 How much money does he ?
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    14 He it to her happy.
    1 You are a big mistake!
    5 I need to a phone call.
    15 Stop fun of me!
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    3 She's dinner just now.
    4 You should your homework now.
    6 Do you any sports?
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

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    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.

    Exercise 23

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  • 514

    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married

    Exercise 24

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  • 515

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    2 What do people think?
    5 Let's go somewhere .
    4 What things do you like?
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    6 We will find some place.
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    8 I'll come time.
    9 Nobody knows that.
    1 Why do you need car?
    3 What will you need?

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

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    • Přeložte.

    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.