Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    1 What are you watching?
    19 That sounds interesting.
    2 Take a look at this!
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    8 We met several times.
    12 She never speaks to me.
    9 Is this your first time here?
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    18 There's no need to worry.
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    10 What time does your plane land?
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    13 Let's go shopping!
    16 Shall we sit down?
    20 It feels great!
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    2 Frank is coming too.
    3 They're going to arrange it.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    8 She's afraid of flying.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    11 He's got no children.
    1 I'm watching the news.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    10 We got there at seven.
    12 It's going to take a week.

    Exercise 3

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    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    10 Am I right?
    7 Do they agree?
    3 Can they help us?
    6 Will you be there?
    2 Does he know?
    9 Could he do it for us?
    5 Is she coming too?
    1 Are you hungry?
    8 Should I tell her?
    4 Have you got any money?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

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    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    2 He was 52nd.
    6 0.05 seconds
    4 3,500
    3 246 people
    8 9,756,004
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    7 35,785
    12 phone number 670098883
    10 in the 1980s
    9 in the year 2015
    5 4.6,000,000
    11 bus number 102
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

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    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    7 What did they want? more money
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday
    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    13 When did you see him? last week
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    6 There's too much water.
    9 They could help us.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    4 You should eat less meat.
    10 We'll be able to come.
    3 I'm going to tell him.
    1 He speaks English.
    2 She should tell them.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    8 There were more people.

    Exercise 7

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    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    1 he, speak about it
    8 our dog, not eat that
    2 my parents, know
    5 I, give him, the money
    9 he, not like the food
    10 the car, be, not expensive
    3 she, send us, messages
    4 we, meet, on the bus
    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    6 she, sit between us

    Exercise 8

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    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look
    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    10 I'm drinking beer.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    7 She's sleeping late.
    4 She's making dinner.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    5 School is beginning.
    3 It's snowing.
    6 He's coming.
    1 She's feeling good.
    2 Bob is trying hard.

    Exercise 10

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    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

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    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    5 We love it when we go out.
    8 It will be hard to solve.
    4 He continued to read.
    3 Music started to play.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    12 I can remember that he told her.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    1 He likes to play games.
    7 It should be easy to repair.
    2 They love to sing.

    Exercise 12

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    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    3 It's just around the corner.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    2 You are among friends.
    12 Go down this road.
    5 The worst is behind us.
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    1 She left for work an hour ago.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

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    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    5 Can you tell me more it?
    7 He died the age 95.
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    4 Can I have a glass water?
    13 I go to see him time time.
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    3 I got it my friend.
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • b We met on the bus.
    • j No, he's an only child.
    • c She had to go to work.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

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    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    3 There will be many/much people.
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    6 That's too much/many money.
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    17 He should get other/another chance.
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    19 How many/much beers did you have?

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

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    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    9 Please let me know as as possible!
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    6 Do you any sports?
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    1 You are a big mistake!
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    5 I need to a phone call.
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    4 You should your homework now.
    14 He it to her happy.
    3 She's dinner just now.
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    15 Stop fun of me!
    8 How much money does he ?

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

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    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.

    Exercise 23

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    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single

    Exercise 24

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    1 Why do you need car?
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    5 Let's go somewhere .
    3 What will you need?
    2 What do people think?
    6 We will find some place.
    4 What things do you like?
    8 I'll come time.
    9 Nobody knows that.

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

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    • Přeložte.

    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    11 Nepotřebuji to.

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.