Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    2 Take a look at this!
    13 Let's go shopping!
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    10 What time does your plane land?
    1 What are you watching?
    9 Is this your first time here?
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    8 We met several times.
    20 It feels great!
    16 Shall we sit down?
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    19 That sounds interesting.
    12 She never speaks to me.
    18 There's no need to worry.

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    1 I'm watching the news.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    3 They're going to arrange it.
    12 It's going to take a week.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    8 She's afraid of flying.
    11 He's got no children.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    10 We got there at seven.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    2 Frank is coming too.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.

    Exercise 3

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    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    1 Are you hungry?
    4 Have you got any money?
    3 Can they help us?
    7 Do they agree?
    5 Is she coming too?
    2 Does he know?
    8 Should I tell her?
    10 Am I right?
    6 Will you be there?
    9 Could he do it for us?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

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    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    3 246 people
    10 in the 1980s
    11 bus number 102
    2 He was 52nd.
    5 4.6,000,000
    7 35,785
    6 0.05 seconds
    12 phone number 670098883
    8 9,756,004
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    4 3,500
    9 in the year 2015

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

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    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    7 What did they want? more money
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    13 When did you see him? last week

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    6 There's too much water.
    8 There were more people.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    4 You should eat less meat.
    3 I'm going to tell him.
    1 He speaks English.
    2 She should tell them.
    10 We'll be able to come.
    9 They could help us.

    Exercise 7

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    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    9 he, not like the food
    10 the car, be, not expensive
    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    6 she, sit between us
    2 my parents, know
    5 I, give him, the money
    3 she, send us, messages
    8 our dog, not eat that
    4 we, meet, on the bus
    1 he, speak about it

    Exercise 8

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    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better
    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    1 She's feeling good.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    3 It's snowing.
    10 I'm drinking beer.
    5 School is beginning.
    4 She's making dinner.
    2 Bob is trying hard.
    6 He's coming.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    7 She's sleeping late.

    Exercise 10

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    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

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    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    4 He continued to read.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    3 Music started to play.
    12 I can remember that he told her.
    8 It will be hard to solve.
    5 We love it when we go out.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    2 They love to sing.
    7 It should be easy to repair.
    1 He likes to play games.

    Exercise 12

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    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    12 Go down this road.
    2 You are among friends.
    5 The worst is behind us.
    3 It's just around the corner.
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    4 people aged between 30 and 50

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

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    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    7 He died the age 95.
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    5 Can you tell me more it?
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    3 I got it my friend.
    4 Can I have a glass water?
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    13 I go to see him time time.
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • b We met on the bus.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • c She had to go to work.
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • j No, he's an only child.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

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    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    6 That's too much/many money.
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    3 There will be many/much people.
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    17 He should get other/another chance.

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

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    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    9 Please let me know as as possible!
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    14 He it to her happy.
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    5 I need to a phone call.
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    1 You are a big mistake!
    3 She's dinner just now.
    8 How much money does he ?
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    15 Stop fun of me!
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    4 You should your homework now.
    6 Do you any sports?

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

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    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.

    Exercise 23

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    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter

    Exercise 24

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    3 What will you need?
    4 What things do you like?
    5 Let's go somewhere .
    1 Why do you need car?
    8 I'll come time.
    9 Nobody knows that.
    2 What do people think?
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    6 We will find some place.

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

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    • Přeložte.

    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.