Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    13 Let's go shopping!
    2 Take a look at this!
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    20 It feels great!
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    12 She never speaks to me.
    19 That sounds interesting.
    10 What time does your plane land?
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    9 Is this your first time here?
    8 We met several times.
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    1 What are you watching?
    18 There's no need to worry.
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    16 Shall we sit down?

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    8 She's afraid of flying.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    2 Frank is coming too.
    11 He's got no children.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    3 They're going to arrange it.
    10 We got there at seven.
    1 I'm watching the news.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    12 It's going to take a week.

    Exercise 3

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    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    1 Are you hungry?
    5 Is she coming too?
    9 Could he do it for us?
    2 Does he know?
    6 Will you be there?
    10 Am I right?
    7 Do they agree?
    8 Should I tell her?
    4 Have you got any money?
    3 Can they help us?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

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    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    2 He was 52nd.
    4 3,500
    12 phone number 670098883
    6 0.05 seconds
    7 35,785
    10 in the 1980s
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    11 bus number 102
    5 4.6,000,000
    8 9,756,004
    3 246 people
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    9 in the year 2015

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

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    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    13 When did you see him? last week
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    7 What did they want? more money
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    6 There's too much water.
    3 I'm going to tell him.
    9 They could help us.
    8 There were more people.
    2 She should tell them.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    4 You should eat less meat.
    10 We'll be able to come.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    1 He speaks English.

    Exercise 7

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    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    9 he, not like the food
    8 our dog, not eat that
    1 he, speak about it
    3 she, send us, messages
    5 I, give him, the money
    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    6 she, sit between us
    4 we, meet, on the bus
    2 my parents, know
    10 the car, be, not expensive

    Exercise 8

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    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look
    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    3 It's snowing.
    4 She's making dinner.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    2 Bob is trying hard.
    10 I'm drinking beer.
    5 School is beginning.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    7 She's sleeping late.
    1 She's feeling good.
    6 He's coming.

    Exercise 10

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    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

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    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    4 He continued to read.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    7 It should be easy to repair.
    3 Music started to play.
    2 They love to sing.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    5 We love it when we go out.
    8 It will be hard to solve.
    12 I can remember that he told her.
    1 He likes to play games.

    Exercise 12

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    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    10 I'm ready for anything.
    5 The worst is behind us.
    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    2 You are among friends.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    12 Go down this road.
    3 It's just around the corner.
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    9 He sits in front of the TV.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

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    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    12 You should do it soon possible.
    13 I go to see him time time.
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    7 He died the age 95.
    4 Can I have a glass water?
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    3 I got it my friend.
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    5 Can you tell me more it?
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • c She had to go to work.
    • b We met on the bus.
    • j No, he's an only child.
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

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    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    6 That's too much/many money.
    17 He should get other/another chance.
    3 There will be many/much people.
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    9 It should take only little/few time.

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

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    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    9 Please let me know as as possible!
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    8 How much money does he ?
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    4 You should your homework now.
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    6 Do you any sports?
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    3 She's dinner just now.
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    1 You are a big mistake!
    14 He it to her happy.
    5 I need to a phone call.
    15 Stop fun of me!
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

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    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.

    Exercise 23

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    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced

    Exercise 24

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    6 We will find some place.
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    2 What do people think?
    1 Why do you need car?
    8 I'll come time.
    9 Nobody knows that.
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    3 What will you need?
    4 What things do you like?
    5 Let's go somewhere .

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

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    • Přeložte.

    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.