Exercises

Exercise 1

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  • 477

    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    10 What time does your plane land?
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    12 She never speaks to me.
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    18 There's no need to worry.
    19 That sounds interesting.
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    16 Shall we sit down?
    13 Let's go shopping!
    20 It feels great!
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    2 Take a look at this!
    9 Is this your first time here?
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    8 We met several times.
    1 What are you watching?

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

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  • 479

    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    12 It's going to take a week.
    8 She's afraid of flying.
    3 They're going to arrange it.
    1 I'm watching the news.
    11 He's got no children.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    10 We got there at seven.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    2 Frank is coming too.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.

    Exercise 3

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  • 480

    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    9 Could he do it for us?
    7 Do they agree?
    1 Are you hungry?
    5 Is she coming too?
    3 Can they help us?
    10 Am I right?
    4 Have you got any money?
    8 Should I tell her?
    6 Will you be there?
    2 Does he know?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

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    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    12 phone number 670098883
    7 35,785
    6 0.05 seconds
    10 in the 1980s
    9 in the year 2015
    3 246 people
    8 9,756,004
    11 bus number 102
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    5 4.6,000,000
    2 He was 52nd.
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    4 3,500

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

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  • 484

    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    7 What did they want? more money
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    13 When did you see him? last week
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday
    10 Did you have a good time? great time

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    8 There were more people.
    4 You should eat less meat.
    1 He speaks English.
    3 I'm going to tell him.
    9 They could help us.
    6 There's too much water.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    10 We'll be able to come.
    2 She should tell them.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.

    Exercise 7

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    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    2 my parents, know
    8 our dog, not eat that
    5 I, give him, the money
    10 the car, be, not expensive
    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    1 he, speak about it
    9 he, not like the food
    6 she, sit between us
    3 she, send us, messages
    4 we, meet, on the bus

    Exercise 8

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  • 488

    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue

    Exercise 9

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  • 489

    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    1 She's feeling good.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    2 Bob is trying hard.
    10 I'm drinking beer.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    4 She's making dinner.
    7 She's sleeping late.
    5 School is beginning.
    6 He's coming.
    3 It's snowing.

    Exercise 10

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    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

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  • 492

    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    3 Music started to play.
    2 They love to sing.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    1 He likes to play games.
    4 He continued to read.
    8 It will be hard to solve.
    7 It should be easy to repair.
    5 We love it when we go out.
    12 I can remember that he told her.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.

    Exercise 12

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  • 493

    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    12 Go down this road.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    2 You are among friends.
    3 It's just around the corner.
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    5 The worst is behind us.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

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    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    3 I got it my friend.
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    5 Can you tell me more it?
    7 He died the age 95.
    4 Can I have a glass water?
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    13 I go to see him time time.
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • b We met on the bus.
    • j No, he's an only child.
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • c She had to go to work.
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

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  • 501

    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    17 He should get other/another chance.
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    3 There will be many/much people.
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    6 That's too much/many money.
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

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    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    9 Please let me know as as possible!
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    1 You are a big mistake!
    8 How much money does he ?
    14 He it to her happy.
    5 I need to a phone call.
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    6 Do you any sports?
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    3 She's dinner just now.
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    15 Stop fun of me!
    4 You should your homework now.
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

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    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.

    Exercise 23

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  • 514

    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson

    Exercise 24

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  • 515

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    8 I'll come time.
    9 Nobody knows that.
    6 We will find some place.
    2 What do people think?
    4 What things do you like?
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    3 What will you need?
    5 Let's go somewhere .
    1 Why do you need car?

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

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    • Přeložte.

    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.