Exercises

Exercise 1

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  • 477

    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    9 Is this your first time here?
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    13 Let's go shopping!
    10 What time does your plane land?
    18 There's no need to worry.
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    16 Shall we sit down?
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    19 That sounds interesting.
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    1 What are you watching?
    2 Take a look at this!
    12 She never speaks to me.
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    20 It feels great!
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    8 We met several times.

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

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  • 479

    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    12 It's going to take a week.
    8 She's afraid of flying.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    11 He's got no children.
    2 Frank is coming too.
    10 We got there at seven.
    3 They're going to arrange it.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    1 I'm watching the news.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.

    Exercise 3

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  • 480

    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    6 Will you be there?
    5 Is she coming too?
    4 Have you got any money?
    10 Am I right?
    1 Are you hungry?
    2 Does he know?
    8 Should I tell her?
    3 Can they help us?
    9 Could he do it for us?
    7 Do they agree?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

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    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    7 35,785
    12 phone number 670098883
    3 246 people
    2 He was 52nd.
    4 3,500
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    9 in the year 2015
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    5 4.6,000,000
    6 0.05 seconds
    10 in the 1980s
    8 9,756,004
    11 bus number 102

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

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  • 484

    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    6 When is she coming back? on Friday
    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    13 When did you see him? last week
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    7 What did they want? more money
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    10 We'll be able to come.
    8 There were more people.
    2 She should tell them.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    6 There's too much water.
    3 I'm going to tell him.
    9 They could help us.
    4 You should eat less meat.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    1 He speaks English.

    Exercise 7

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    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    2 my parents, know
    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    4 we, meet, on the bus
    1 he, speak about it
    8 our dog, not eat that
    5 I, give him, the money
    3 she, send us, messages
    6 she, sit between us
    10 the car, be, not expensive
    9 he, not like the food

    Exercise 8

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  • 488

    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look
    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better

    Exercise 9

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  • 489

    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    1 She's feeling good.
    4 She's making dinner.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    2 Bob is trying hard.
    5 School is beginning.
    10 I'm drinking beer.
    3 It's snowing.
    6 He's coming.
    7 She's sleeping late.

    Exercise 10

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    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

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  • 492

    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    3 Music started to play.
    4 He continued to read.
    8 It will be hard to solve.
    1 He likes to play games.
    7 It should be easy to repair.
    5 We love it when we go out.
    12 I can remember that he told her.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    2 They love to sing.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.

    Exercise 12

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  • 493

    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    5 The worst is behind us.
    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    2 You are among friends.
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    12 Go down this road.
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    3 It's just around the corner.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

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    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    12 You should do it soon possible.
    4 Can I have a glass water?
    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    5 Can you tell me more it?
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    3 I got it my friend.
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    7 He died the age 95.
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    13 I go to see him time time.
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • b We met on the bus.
    • j No, he's an only child.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • c She had to go to work.
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • i Usually twice a week.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

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  • 501

    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    9 It should take only little/few time.
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    6 That's too much/many money.
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    17 He should get other/another chance.
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    3 There will be many/much people.
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    19 How many/much beers did you have?

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

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  • 503

    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

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  • 507

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    9 Please let me know as as possible!
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    6 Do you any sports?
    5 I need to a phone call.
    4 You should your homework now.
    15 Stop fun of me!
    14 He it to her happy.
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    8 How much money does he ?
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    1 You are a big mistake!
    3 She's dinner just now.

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

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    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.

    Exercise 23

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  • 514

    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single

    Exercise 24

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  • 515

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    8 I'll come time.
    2 What do people think?
    3 What will you need?
    1 Why do you need car?
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    6 We will find some place.
    5 Let's go somewhere .
    4 What things do you like?
    9 Nobody knows that.
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

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  • 517

    • Přeložte.

    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.