Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    18 There's no need to worry.
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    13 Let's go shopping!
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    16 Shall we sit down?
    1 What are you watching?
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    2 Take a look at this!
    10 What time does your plane land?
    9 Is this your first time here?
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    12 She never speaks to me.
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    8 We met several times.
    20 It feels great!
    19 That sounds interesting.

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    3 They're going to arrange it.
    8 She's afraid of flying.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    12 It's going to take a week.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    10 We got there at seven.
    1 I'm watching the news.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    2 Frank is coming too.
    11 He's got no children.

    Exercise 3

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    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    6 Will you be there?
    3 Can they help us?
    4 Have you got any money?
    10 Am I right?
    7 Do they agree?
    1 Are you hungry?
    9 Could he do it for us?
    2 Does he know?
    8 Should I tell her?
    5 Is she coming too?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

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    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    10 in the 1980s
    11 bus number 102
    3 246 people
    4 3,500
    12 phone number 670098883
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    8 9,756,004
    6 0.05 seconds
    7 35,785
    2 He was 52nd.
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    5 4.6,000,000
    9 in the year 2015

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

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    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    7 What did they want? more money
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    13 When did you see him? last week
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    1 He speaks English.
    10 We'll be able to come.
    9 They could help us.
    2 She should tell them.
    8 There were more people.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    6 There's too much water.
    3 I'm going to tell him.
    4 You should eat less meat.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.

    Exercise 7

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    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    6 she, sit between us
    10 the car, be, not expensive
    2 my parents, know
    1 he, speak about it
    5 I, give him, the money
    8 our dog, not eat that
    9 he, not like the food
    4 we, meet, on the bus
    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    3 she, send us, messages

    Exercise 8

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  • 488

    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    5 School is beginning.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    4 She's making dinner.
    1 She's feeling good.
    3 It's snowing.
    7 She's sleeping late.
    6 He's coming.
    10 I'm drinking beer.
    2 Bob is trying hard.

    Exercise 10

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    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

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    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    12 I can remember that he told her.
    1 He likes to play games.
    3 Music started to play.
    5 We love it when we go out.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    7 It should be easy to repair.
    2 They love to sing.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    8 It will be hard to solve.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    4 He continued to read.

    Exercise 12

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    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    2 You are among friends.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    12 Go down this road.
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    5 The worst is behind us.
    3 It's just around the corner.
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    11 You can't take it on the plane.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

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    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    5 Can you tell me more it?
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    4 Can I have a glass water?
    3 I got it my friend.
    7 He died the age 95.
    13 I go to see him time time.
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • c She had to go to work.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • j No, he's an only child.
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • b We met on the bus.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

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    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    7 There were less/fewer people.
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    17 He should get other/another chance.
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    6 That's too much/many money.
    3 There will be many/much people.
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

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    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    9 Please let me know as as possible!
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    6 Do you any sports?
    14 He it to her happy.
    1 You are a big mistake!
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    5 I need to a phone call.
    4 You should your homework now.
    15 Stop fun of me!
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    8 How much money does he ?
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    3 She's dinner just now.

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

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    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.

    Exercise 23

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    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single

    Exercise 24

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  • 515

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    1 Why do you need car?
    5 Let's go somewhere .
    9 Nobody knows that.
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    6 We will find some place.
    4 What things do you like?
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    8 I'll come time.
    3 What will you need?
    2 What do people think?

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

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    • Přeložte.

    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    9 Vypadá to dobře.

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.