Exercises

Exercise 1

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  • 477

    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    14 She keeps talking about it.
    16 Shall we sit down?
    1 What are you watching?
    9 Is this your first time here?
    20 It feels great!
    2 Take a look at this!
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    18 There's no need to worry.
    8 We met several times.
    10 What time does your plane land?
    19 That sounds interesting.
    13 Let's go shopping!
    12 She never speaks to me.
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    5 He tries hard to be the best.

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    12 It's going to take a week.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    8 She's afraid of flying.
    3 They're going to arrange it.
    10 We got there at seven.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    2 Frank is coming too.
    11 He's got no children.
    1 I'm watching the news.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.

    Exercise 3

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    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    9 Could he do it for us?
    1 Are you hungry?
    6 Will you be there?
    5 Is she coming too?
    2 Does he know?
    4 Have you got any money?
    10 Am I right?
    7 Do they agree?
    3 Can they help us?
    8 Should I tell her?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

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    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    2 He was 52nd.
    3 246 people
    11 bus number 102
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    10 in the 1980s
    4 3,500
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    9 in the year 2015
    5 4.6,000,000
    7 35,785
    8 9,756,004
    6 0.05 seconds
    12 phone number 670098883

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

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  • 484

    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    13 When did you see him? last week
    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    7 What did they want? more money

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    1 He speaks English.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    4 You should eat less meat.
    6 There's too much water.
    3 I'm going to tell him.
    10 We'll be able to come.
    2 She should tell them.
    9 They could help us.
    8 There were more people.

    Exercise 7

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    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    5 I, give him, the money
    6 she, sit between us
    3 she, send us, messages
    1 he, speak about it
    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    10 the car, be, not expensive
    4 we, meet, on the bus
    9 he, not like the food
    2 my parents, know
    8 our dog, not eat that

    Exercise 8

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    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    2 Bob is trying hard.
    6 He's coming.
    5 School is beginning.
    1 She's feeling good.
    3 It's snowing.
    7 She's sleeping late.
    10 I'm drinking beer.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    4 She's making dinner.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.

    Exercise 10

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    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

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    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    12 I can remember that he told her.
    3 Music started to play.
    7 It should be easy to repair.
    1 He likes to play games.
    2 They love to sing.
    8 It will be hard to solve.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    4 He continued to read.
    5 We love it when we go out.

    Exercise 12

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    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    5 The worst is behind us.
    3 It's just around the corner.
    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    12 Go down this road.
    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    2 You are among friends.
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    1 She left for work an hour ago.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

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    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    7 He died the age 95.
    5 Can you tell me more it?
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    13 I go to see him time time.
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    4 Can I have a glass water?
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    3 I got it my friend.
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • b We met on the bus.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • c She had to go to work.
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • j No, he's an only child.
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

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    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    4 I tried it many/much times.
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    17 He should get other/another chance.
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    3 There will be many/much people.
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    6 That's too much/many money.
    13 He made much/many mistakes.

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

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    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    9 Please let me know as as possible!
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    3 She's dinner just now.
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    14 He it to her happy.
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    4 You should your homework now.
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    8 How much money does he ?
    6 Do you any sports?
    1 You are a big mistake!
    5 I need to a phone call.
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    15 Stop fun of me!
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

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    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country
    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.

    Exercise 23

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    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands

    Exercise 24

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  • 515

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    2 What do people think?
    1 Why do you need car?
    8 I'll come time.
    6 We will find some place.
    3 What will you need?
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    4 What things do you like?
    9 Nobody knows that.
    5 Let's go somewhere .

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

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    • Přeložte.

    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.