Exercises

Exercise 1

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  • 477

    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    7 It was nice meeting you.
    20 It feels great!
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    12 She never speaks to me.
    9 Is this your first time here?
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    1 What are you watching?
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    16 Shall we sit down?
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    19 That sounds interesting.
    18 There's no need to worry.
    10 What time does your plane land?
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    13 Let's go shopping!
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    2 Take a look at this!
    8 We met several times.
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

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  • 479

    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    11 He's got no children.
    2 Frank is coming too.
    1 I'm watching the news.
    8 She's afraid of flying.
    3 They're going to arrange it.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    10 We got there at seven.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    12 It's going to take a week.

    Exercise 3

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  • 480

    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    8 Should I tell her?
    7 Do they agree?
    2 Does he know?
    1 Are you hungry?
    4 Have you got any money?
    10 Am I right?
    5 Is she coming too?
    3 Can they help us?
    6 Will you be there?
    9 Could he do it for us?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

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  • 482

    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    7 35,785
    11 bus number 102
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    5 4.6,000,000
    6 0.05 seconds
    4 3,500
    9 in the year 2015
    2 He was 52nd.
    3 246 people
    12 phone number 670098883
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    8 9,756,004
    10 in the 1980s

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

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  • 484

    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    7 What did they want? more money
    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday
    13 When did you see him? last week
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    2 She should tell them.
    3 I'm going to tell him.
    8 There were more people.
    6 There's too much water.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    4 You should eat less meat.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    1 He speaks English.
    10 We'll be able to come.
    9 They could help us.

    Exercise 7

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  • 487

    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    4 we, meet, on the bus
    9 he, not like the food
    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    6 she, sit between us
    3 she, send us, messages
    1 he, speak about it
    10 the car, be, not expensive
    5 I, give him, the money
    8 our dog, not eat that
    2 my parents, know

    Exercise 8

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  • 488

    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call

    Exercise 9

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  • 489

    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    6 He's coming.
    1 She's feeling good.
    2 Bob is trying hard.
    5 School is beginning.
    4 She's making dinner.
    7 She's sleeping late.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    3 It's snowing.
    10 I'm drinking beer.

    Exercise 10

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    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

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  • 492

    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    3 Music started to play.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    2 They love to sing.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    4 He continued to read.
    7 It should be easy to repair.
    1 He likes to play games.
    12 I can remember that he told her.
    5 We love it when we go out.
    8 It will be hard to solve.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.

    Exercise 12

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  • 493

    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    12 Go down this road.
    3 It's just around the corner.
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    2 You are among friends.
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    5 The worst is behind us.
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

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  • 495

    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    5 Can you tell me more it?
    13 I go to see him time time.
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    3 I got it my friend.
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    7 He died the age 95.
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    4 Can I have a glass water?

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • b We met on the bus.
    • j No, he's an only child.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • c She had to go to work.
    • e No, I won't be able to.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

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  • 501

    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    1 How many/much will it cost?
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    3 There will be many/much people.
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    17 He should get other/another chance.
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    6 That's too much/many money.
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    4 I tried it many/much times.

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

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  • 503

    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

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  • 507

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    9 Please let me know as as possible!
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    8 How much money does he ?
    14 He it to her happy.
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    1 You are a big mistake!
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    15 Stop fun of me!
    6 Do you any sports?
    3 She's dinner just now.
    4 You should your homework now.
    5 I need to a phone call.
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

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    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country
    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

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  • 513

    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.

    Exercise 23

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  • 514

    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow
    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single

    Exercise 24

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  • 515

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    5 Let's go somewhere .
    1 Why do you need car?
    8 I'll come time.
    6 We will find some place.
    3 What will you need?
    9 Nobody knows that.
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    4 What things do you like?
    2 What do people think?

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

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  • 517

    • Přeložte.

    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.