Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    1 What are you watching?
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    10 What time does your plane land?
    20 It feels great!
    2 Take a look at this!
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    8 We met several times.
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    13 Let's go shopping!
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    12 She never speaks to me.
    18 There's no need to worry.
    16 Shall we sit down?
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    19 That sounds interesting.
    9 Is this your first time here?

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    8 She's afraid of flying.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    10 We got there at seven.
    11 He's got no children.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    2 Frank is coming too.
    1 I'm watching the news.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    3 They're going to arrange it.
    12 It's going to take a week.

    Exercise 3

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    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    4 Have you got any money?
    3 Can they help us?
    2 Does he know?
    7 Do they agree?
    8 Should I tell her?
    1 Are you hungry?
    6 Will you be there?
    9 Could he do it for us?
    10 Am I right?
    5 Is she coming too?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

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    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    12 phone number 670098883
    5 4.6,000,000
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    2 He was 52nd.
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    3 246 people
    10 in the 1980s
    7 35,785
    6 0.05 seconds
    9 in the year 2015
    4 3,500
    11 bus number 102
    8 9,756,004

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

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    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    9 What did you drink? only tea
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    7 What did they want? more money
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    13 When did you see him? last week
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    8 There were more people.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    1 He speaks English.
    4 You should eat less meat.
    3 I'm going to tell him.
    10 We'll be able to come.
    2 She should tell them.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    6 There's too much water.
    9 They could help us.

    Exercise 7

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    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    10 the car, be, not expensive
    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    1 he, speak about it
    3 she, send us, messages
    4 we, meet, on the bus
    5 I, give him, the money
    8 our dog, not eat that
    6 she, sit between us
    9 he, not like the food
    2 my parents, know

    Exercise 8

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    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look
    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better
    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    5 School is beginning.
    4 She's making dinner.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    6 He's coming.
    1 She's feeling good.
    2 Bob is trying hard.
    7 She's sleeping late.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    10 I'm drinking beer.
    3 It's snowing.

    Exercise 10

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    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

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    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    3 Music started to play.
    2 They love to sing.
    5 We love it when we go out.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    1 He likes to play games.
    8 It will be hard to solve.
    7 It should be easy to repair.
    4 He continued to read.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    12 I can remember that he told her.

    Exercise 12

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    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    5 The worst is behind us.
    12 Go down this road.
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    2 You are among friends.
    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    3 It's just around the corner.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

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    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    3 I got it my friend.
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    5 Can you tell me more it?
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    7 He died the age 95.
    13 I go to see him time time.
    4 Can I have a glass water?
    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • j No, he's an only child.
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • b We met on the bus.
    • c She had to go to work.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

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    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    6 That's too much/many money.
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    3 There will be many/much people.
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    17 He should get other/another chance.
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    14 There was few/little rain last year.

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

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    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    9 Please let me know as as possible!
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    14 He it to her happy.
    1 You are a big mistake!
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    3 She's dinner just now.
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    15 Stop fun of me!
    4 You should your homework now.
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    8 How much money does he ?
    5 I need to a phone call.
    6 Do you any sports?
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

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    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.

    Exercise 23

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    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow

    Exercise 24

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    2 What do people think?
    4 What things do you like?
    3 What will you need?
    5 Let's go somewhere .
    9 Nobody knows that.
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    8 I'll come time.
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    6 We will find some place.
    1 Why do you need car?

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

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    • Přeložte.

    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    12 Jdu nakupovat.

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.