Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    8 We met several times.
    9 Is this your first time here?
    2 Take a look at this!
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    1 What are you watching?
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    12 She never speaks to me.
    10 What time does your plane land?
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    19 That sounds interesting.
    16 Shall we sit down?
    13 Let's go shopping!
    18 There's no need to worry.
    20 It feels great!
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    9 He goes there twice a week.
    10 We got there at seven.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    2 Frank is coming too.
    8 She's afraid of flying.
    1 I'm watching the news.
    12 It's going to take a week.
    11 He's got no children.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    3 They're going to arrange it.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.

    Exercise 3

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    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    9 Could he do it for us?
    10 Am I right?
    3 Can they help us?
    8 Should I tell her?
    1 Are you hungry?
    5 Is she coming too?
    6 Will you be there?
    2 Does he know?
    4 Have you got any money?
    7 Do they agree?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

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    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    6 0.05 seconds
    11 bus number 102
    2 He was 52nd.
    8 9,756,004
    12 phone number 670098883
    3 246 people
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    7 35,785
    5 4.6,000,000
    4 3,500
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    9 in the year 2015
    10 in the 1980s

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

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    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    7 What did they want? more money
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    13 When did you see him? last week
    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    10 Did you have a good time? great time

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    1 He speaks English.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    9 They could help us.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    10 We'll be able to come.
    2 She should tell them.
    8 There were more people.
    3 I'm going to tell him.
    6 There's too much water.
    4 You should eat less meat.

    Exercise 7

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    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    4 we, meet, on the bus
    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    6 she, sit between us
    5 I, give him, the money
    3 she, send us, messages
    10 the car, be, not expensive
    8 our dog, not eat that
    2 my parents, know
    9 he, not like the food
    1 he, speak about it

    Exercise 8

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    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    2 Bob is trying hard.
    6 He's coming.
    5 School is beginning.
    3 It's snowing.
    1 She's feeling good.
    10 I'm drinking beer.
    7 She's sleeping late.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    4 She's making dinner.

    Exercise 10

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    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

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    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    2 They love to sing.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    1 He likes to play games.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    5 We love it when we go out.
    12 I can remember that he told her.
    3 Music started to play.
    4 He continued to read.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    8 It will be hard to solve.
    7 It should be easy to repair.

    Exercise 12

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    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    3 It's just around the corner.
    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    12 Go down this road.
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    5 The worst is behind us.
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    2 You are among friends.
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

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    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    5 Can you tell me more it?
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    3 I got it my friend.
    4 Can I have a glass water?
    13 I go to see him time time.
    7 He died the age 95.
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • j No, he's an only child.
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • c She had to go to work.
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • b We met on the bus.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

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    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    4 I tried it many/much times.
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    6 That's too much/many money.
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    3 There will be many/much people.
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    17 He should get other/another chance.

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

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    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    9 Please let me know as as possible!
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    4 You should your homework now.
    8 How much money does he ?
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    6 Do you any sports?
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    5 I need to a phone call.
    1 You are a big mistake!
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    14 He it to her happy.
    3 She's dinner just now.
    15 Stop fun of me!

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

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    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.

    Exercise 23

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    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson

    Exercise 24

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    8 I'll come time.
    9 Nobody knows that.
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    1 Why do you need car?
    6 We will find some place.
    3 What will you need?
    4 What things do you like?
    5 Let's go somewhere .
    2 What do people think?
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

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    • Přeložte.

    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    11 Nepotřebuji to.

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.