Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    16 Shall we sit down?
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    20 It feels great!
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    18 There's no need to worry.
    9 Is this your first time here?
    19 That sounds interesting.
    13 Let's go shopping!
    1 What are you watching?
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    12 She never speaks to me.
    10 What time does your plane land?
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    2 Take a look at this!
    8 We met several times.

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    10 We got there at seven.
    3 They're going to arrange it.
    12 It's going to take a week.
    2 Frank is coming too.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    8 She's afraid of flying.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    1 I'm watching the news.
    11 He's got no children.

    Exercise 3

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    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    5 Is she coming too?
    6 Will you be there?
    4 Have you got any money?
    3 Can they help us?
    1 Are you hungry?
    7 Do they agree?
    8 Should I tell her?
    10 Am I right?
    2 Does he know?
    9 Could he do it for us?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

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    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    12 phone number 670098883
    8 9,756,004
    9 in the year 2015
    5 4.6,000,000
    4 3,500
    3 246 people
    6 0.05 seconds
    7 35,785
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    2 He was 52nd.
    11 bus number 102
    10 in the 1980s
    1 on May 1st and 26th

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

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    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    7 What did they want? more money
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    13 When did you see him? last week

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    1 He speaks English.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    4 You should eat less meat.
    6 There's too much water.
    8 There were more people.
    3 I'm going to tell him.
    9 They could help us.
    10 We'll be able to come.
    2 She should tell them.

    Exercise 7

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    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    1 he, speak about it
    8 our dog, not eat that
    5 I, give him, the money
    3 she, send us, messages
    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    4 we, meet, on the bus
    6 she, sit between us
    2 my parents, know
    10 the car, be, not expensive
    9 he, not like the food

    Exercise 8

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    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look
    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    7 She's sleeping late.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    5 School is beginning.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    3 It's snowing.
    4 She's making dinner.
    2 Bob is trying hard.
    10 I'm drinking beer.
    1 She's feeling good.
    6 He's coming.

    Exercise 10

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    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

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    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    2 They love to sing.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    7 It should be easy to repair.
    3 Music started to play.
    1 He likes to play games.
    12 I can remember that he told her.
    8 It will be hard to solve.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    5 We love it when we go out.
    4 He continued to read.

    Exercise 12

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    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    5 The worst is behind us.
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    12 Go down this road.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    3 It's just around the corner.
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    2 You are among friends.
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    11 You can't take it on the plane.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

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    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    13 I go to see him time time.
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    4 Can I have a glass water?
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    3 I got it my friend.
    7 He died the age 95.
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    5 Can you tell me more it?

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • j No, he's an only child.
    • c She had to go to work.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • b We met on the bus.
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

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    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    7 There were less/fewer people.
    17 He should get other/another chance.
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    6 That's too much/many money.
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    3 There will be many/much people.

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

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    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    9 Please let me know as as possible!
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    6 Do you any sports?
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    14 He it to her happy.
    15 Stop fun of me!
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    1 You are a big mistake!
    8 How much money does he ?
    3 She's dinner just now.
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    4 You should your homework now.
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    5 I need to a phone call.

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

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    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.

    Exercise 23

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    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single

    Exercise 24

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    6 We will find some place.
    3 What will you need?
    9 Nobody knows that.
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    1 Why do you need car?
    4 What things do you like?
    2 What do people think?
    8 I'll come time.
    5 Let's go somewhere .
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

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    • Přeložte.

    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    13 John tam chodí každý den.

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.