Exercises

Exercise 1

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  • 477

    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    18 There's no need to worry.
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    12 She never speaks to me.
    2 Take a look at this!
    10 What time does your plane land?
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    19 That sounds interesting.
    1 What are you watching?
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    16 Shall we sit down?
    13 Let's go shopping!
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    9 Is this your first time here?
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    8 We met several times.
    20 It feels great!
    15 He doesn't care about her.

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

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  • 479

    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    3 They're going to arrange it.
    2 Frank is coming too.
    11 He's got no children.
    1 I'm watching the news.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    10 We got there at seven.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    8 She's afraid of flying.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    12 It's going to take a week.

    Exercise 3

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  • 480

    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    4 Have you got any money?
    1 Are you hungry?
    2 Does he know?
    5 Is she coming too?
    7 Do they agree?
    9 Could he do it for us?
    3 Can they help us?
    8 Should I tell her?
    10 Am I right?
    6 Will you be there?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

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    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    9 in the year 2015
    12 phone number 670098883
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    6 0.05 seconds
    7 35,785
    11 bus number 102
    3 246 people
    10 in the 1980s
    8 9,756,004
    2 He was 52nd.
    4 3,500
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    5 4.6,000,000

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

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  • 484

    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    13 When did you see him? last week
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    7 What did they want? more money

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    3 I'm going to tell him.
    2 She should tell them.
    9 They could help us.
    6 There's too much water.
    1 He speaks English.
    4 You should eat less meat.
    10 We'll be able to come.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    8 There were more people.

    Exercise 7

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  • 487

    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    6 she, sit between us
    8 our dog, not eat that
    10 the car, be, not expensive
    9 he, not like the food
    2 my parents, know
    4 we, meet, on the bus
    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    3 she, send us, messages
    5 I, give him, the money
    1 he, speak about it

    Exercise 8

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  • 488

    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue

    Exercise 9

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  • 489

    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    7 She's sleeping late.
    3 It's snowing.
    2 Bob is trying hard.
    1 She's feeling good.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    4 She's making dinner.
    10 I'm drinking beer.
    5 School is beginning.
    6 He's coming.

    Exercise 10

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    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

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  • 492

    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    12 I can remember that he told her.
    1 He likes to play games.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    4 He continued to read.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    3 Music started to play.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    8 It will be hard to solve.
    2 They love to sing.
    7 It should be easy to repair.
    5 We love it when we go out.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.

    Exercise 12

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  • 493

    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    5 The worst is behind us.
    12 Go down this road.
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    3 It's just around the corner.
    2 You are among friends.
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

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  • 495

    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    13 I go to see him time time.
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    3 I got it my friend.
    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    4 Can I have a glass water?
    5 Can you tell me more it?
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    7 He died the age 95.
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • j No, he's an only child.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • c She had to go to work.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • b We met on the bus.
    • e No, I won't be able to.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

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    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    6 That's too much/many money.
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    3 There will be many/much people.
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    17 He should get other/another chance.
    9 It should take only little/few time.

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

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  • 503

    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

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  • 507

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    9 Please let me know as as possible!
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    15 Stop fun of me!
    6 Do you any sports?
    5 I need to a phone call.
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    4 You should your homework now.
    3 She's dinner just now.
    14 He it to her happy.
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    1 You are a big mistake!
    8 How much money does he ?
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

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    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

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  • 513

    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.

    Exercise 23

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  • 514

    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married

    Exercise 24

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  • 515

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    9 Nobody knows that.
    2 What do people think?
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    1 Why do you need car?
    5 Let's go somewhere .
    6 We will find some place.
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    4 What things do you like?
    3 What will you need?
    8 I'll come time.

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

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    • Přeložte.

    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    10 Kolik to stojí?

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.