Exercises

Exercise 1

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  • 477

    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    9 Is this your first time here?
    12 She never speaks to me.
    1 What are you watching?
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    8 We met several times.
    19 That sounds interesting.
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    2 Take a look at this!
    16 Shall we sit down?
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    13 Let's go shopping!
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    18 There's no need to worry.
    10 What time does your plane land?
    20 It feels great!
    3 Tell him not to buy it.

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

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  • 479

    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    12 It's going to take a week.
    2 Frank is coming too.
    11 He's got no children.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    10 We got there at seven.
    1 I'm watching the news.
    3 They're going to arrange it.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    8 She's afraid of flying.

    Exercise 3

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  • 480

    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    9 Could he do it for us?
    3 Can they help us?
    1 Are you hungry?
    4 Have you got any money?
    8 Should I tell her?
    2 Does he know?
    6 Will you be there?
    7 Do they agree?
    5 Is she coming too?
    10 Am I right?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

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    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    2 He was 52nd.
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    7 35,785
    12 phone number 670098883
    5 4.6,000,000
    6 0.05 seconds
    11 bus number 102
    10 in the 1980s
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    3 246 people
    9 in the year 2015
    8 9,756,004
    4 3,500

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

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  • 484

    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    7 What did they want? more money
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    13 When did you see him? last week
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    4 You should eat less meat.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    2 She should tell them.
    1 He speaks English.
    3 I'm going to tell him.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    8 There were more people.
    10 We'll be able to come.
    9 They could help us.
    6 There's too much water.

    Exercise 7

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    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    4 we, meet, on the bus
    3 she, send us, messages
    9 he, not like the food
    5 I, give him, the money
    2 my parents, know
    1 he, speak about it
    10 the car, be, not expensive
    6 she, sit between us
    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    8 our dog, not eat that

    Exercise 8

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  • 488

    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    2 Bob is trying hard.
    3 It's snowing.
    5 School is beginning.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    6 He's coming.
    4 She's making dinner.
    1 She's feeling good.
    7 She's sleeping late.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    10 I'm drinking beer.

    Exercise 10

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    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

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  • 492

    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    7 It should be easy to repair.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    5 We love it when we go out.
    1 He likes to play games.
    12 I can remember that he told her.
    3 Music started to play.
    2 They love to sing.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    8 It will be hard to solve.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    4 He continued to read.

    Exercise 12

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  • 493

    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    2 You are among friends.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    3 It's just around the corner.
    5 The worst is behind us.
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    12 Go down this road.
    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    8 He lives in the flat above me.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

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    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    4 Can I have a glass water?
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    13 I go to see him time time.
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    5 Can you tell me more it?
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    3 I got it my friend.
    7 He died the age 95.
    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • j No, he's an only child.
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • c She had to go to work.
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • b We met on the bus.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

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  • 501

    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    17 He should get other/another chance.
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    3 There will be many/much people.
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    6 That's too much/many money.
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

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  • 503

    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

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  • 507

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    9 Please let me know as as possible!
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    6 Do you any sports?
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    5 I need to a phone call.
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    4 You should your homework now.
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    3 She's dinner just now.
    1 You are a big mistake!
    14 He it to her happy.
    8 How much money does he ?
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    15 Stop fun of me!

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

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    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.

    Exercise 23

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  • 514

    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married

    Exercise 24

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  • 515

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    5 Let's go somewhere .
    8 I'll come time.
    9 Nobody knows that.
    4 What things do you like?
    1 Why do you need car?
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    6 We will find some place.
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    3 What will you need?
    2 What do people think?

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

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    • Přeložte.

    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.