Exercises

Exercise 1

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  • 477

    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    16 Shall we sit down?
    1 What are you watching?
    12 She never speaks to me.
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    19 That sounds interesting.
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    2 Take a look at this!
    13 Let's go shopping!
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    10 What time does your plane land?
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    8 We met several times.
    9 Is this your first time here?
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    18 There's no need to worry.
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    20 It feels great!
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

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  • 479

    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    2 Frank is coming too.
    11 He's got no children.
    12 It's going to take a week.
    8 She's afraid of flying.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    3 They're going to arrange it.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    1 I'm watching the news.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    10 We got there at seven.

    Exercise 3

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  • 480

    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    6 Will you be there?
    2 Does he know?
    5 Is she coming too?
    3 Can they help us?
    9 Could he do it for us?
    8 Should I tell her?
    4 Have you got any money?
    10 Am I right?
    1 Are you hungry?
    7 Do they agree?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

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  • 482

    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    6 0.05 seconds
    4 3,500
    3 246 people
    5 4.6,000,000
    10 in the 1980s
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    12 phone number 670098883
    2 He was 52nd.
    9 in the year 2015
    11 bus number 102
    8 9,756,004
    7 35,785
    1 on May 1st and 26th

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

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  • 484

    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    13 When did you see him? last week
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    7 What did they want? more money
    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    1 He speaks English.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    6 There's too much water.
    2 She should tell them.
    9 They could help us.
    3 I'm going to tell him.
    4 You should eat less meat.
    10 We'll be able to come.
    8 There were more people.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.

    Exercise 7

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    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    10 the car, be, not expensive
    5 I, give him, the money
    4 we, meet, on the bus
    2 my parents, know
    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    6 she, sit between us
    1 he, speak about it
    9 he, not like the food
    3 she, send us, messages
    8 our dog, not eat that

    Exercise 8

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  • 488

    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    3 It's snowing.
    4 She's making dinner.
    1 She's feeling good.
    10 I'm drinking beer.
    2 Bob is trying hard.
    5 School is beginning.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    6 He's coming.
    7 She's sleeping late.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.

    Exercise 10

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    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

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  • 492

    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    5 We love it when we go out.
    3 Music started to play.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    12 I can remember that he told her.
    4 He continued to read.
    2 They love to sing.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    8 It will be hard to solve.
    7 It should be easy to repair.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    1 He likes to play games.

    Exercise 12

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  • 493

    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    12 Go down this road.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    2 You are among friends.
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    3 It's just around the corner.
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    5 The worst is behind us.
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    9 He sits in front of the TV.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

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    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    12 You should do it soon possible.
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    4 Can I have a glass water?
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    5 Can you tell me more it?
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    7 He died the age 95.
    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    13 I go to see him time time.
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    3 I got it my friend.
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • c She had to go to work.
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • j No, he's an only child.
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • b We met on the bus.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

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  • 501

    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    6 That's too much/many money.
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    17 He should get other/another chance.
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    3 There will be many/much people.
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    1 How many/much will it cost?

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

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  • 503

    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

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  • 507

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    9 Please let me know as as possible!
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    14 He it to her happy.
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    8 How much money does he ?
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    6 Do you any sports?
    4 You should your homework now.
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    1 You are a big mistake!
    5 I need to a phone call.
    15 Stop fun of me!
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    3 She's dinner just now.

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

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    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.

    Exercise 23

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  • 514

    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter
    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands

    Exercise 24

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  • 515

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    5 Let's go somewhere .
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    3 What will you need?
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    6 We will find some place.
    9 Nobody knows that.
    4 What things do you like?
    2 What do people think?
    8 I'll come time.
    1 Why do you need car?

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

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  • 517

    • Přeložte.

    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    10 Kolik to stojí?

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.