Exercises

Exercise 1

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  • 477

    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    16 Shall we sit down?
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    13 Let's go shopping!
    19 That sounds interesting.
    12 She never speaks to me.
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    9 Is this your first time here?
    20 It feels great!
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    10 What time does your plane land?
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    2 Take a look at this!
    18 There's no need to worry.
    8 We met several times.
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    1 What are you watching?
    15 He doesn't care about her.

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

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  • 479

    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    9 He goes there twice a week.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    12 It's going to take a week.
    1 I'm watching the news.
    11 He's got no children.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    2 Frank is coming too.
    10 We got there at seven.
    8 She's afraid of flying.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    3 They're going to arrange it.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.

    Exercise 3

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  • 480

    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    3 Can they help us?
    7 Do they agree?
    8 Should I tell her?
    6 Will you be there?
    2 Does he know?
    5 Is she coming too?
    10 Am I right?
    1 Are you hungry?
    4 Have you got any money?
    9 Could he do it for us?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

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    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    1 on May 1st and 26th
    4 3,500
    5 4.6,000,000
    3 246 people
    8 9,756,004
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    6 0.05 seconds
    2 He was 52nd.
    11 bus number 102
    10 in the 1980s
    9 in the year 2015
    7 35,785
    12 phone number 670098883

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

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  • 484

    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    13 When did you see him? last week
    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    7 What did they want? more money
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    4 You should eat less meat.
    10 We'll be able to come.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    1 He speaks English.
    6 There's too much water.
    9 They could help us.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    8 There were more people.
    3 I'm going to tell him.
    2 She should tell them.

    Exercise 7

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    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    9 he, not like the food
    5 I, give him, the money
    8 our dog, not eat that
    1 he, speak about it
    10 the car, be, not expensive
    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    4 we, meet, on the bus
    3 she, send us, messages
    2 my parents, know
    6 she, sit between us

    Exercise 8

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  • 488

    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    2 Bob is trying hard.
    1 She's feeling good.
    6 He's coming.
    3 It's snowing.
    10 I'm drinking beer.
    5 School is beginning.
    4 She's making dinner.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    7 She's sleeping late.

    Exercise 10

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    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

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  • 492

    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    2 They love to sing.
    3 Music started to play.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    4 He continued to read.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    1 He likes to play games.
    12 I can remember that he told her.
    7 It should be easy to repair.
    5 We love it when we go out.
    8 It will be hard to solve.

    Exercise 12

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  • 493

    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    2 You are among friends.
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    12 Go down this road.
    5 The worst is behind us.
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    3 It's just around the corner.
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    11 You can't take it on the plane.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

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    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    13 I go to see him time time.
    7 He died the age 95.
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    3 I got it my friend.
    5 Can you tell me more it?
    4 Can I have a glass water?
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • c She had to go to work.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • j No, he's an only child.
    • b We met on the bus.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

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  • 501

    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    3 There will be many/much people.
    17 He should get other/another chance.
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    6 That's too much/many money.
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    16 It'll be many/much better.

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

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  • 503

    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

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  • 507

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    9 Please let me know as as possible!
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    3 She's dinner just now.
    8 How much money does he ?
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    4 You should your homework now.
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    14 He it to her happy.
    1 You are a big mistake!
    5 I need to a phone call.
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    6 Do you any sports?
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    15 Stop fun of me!
    12 Who's going to the shopping?

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

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    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

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  • 513

    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.

    Exercise 23

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  • 514

    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow

    Exercise 24

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  • 515

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    9 Nobody knows that.
    6 We will find some place.
    4 What things do you like?
    2 What do people think?
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    5 Let's go somewhere .
    1 Why do you need car?
    3 What will you need?
    8 I'll come time.

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

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  • 517

    • Přeložte.

    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.