Exercises

Exercise 1

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  • 477

    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    13 Let's go shopping!
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    10 What time does your plane land?
    18 There's no need to worry.
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    1 What are you watching?
    16 Shall we sit down?
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    2 Take a look at this!
    12 She never speaks to me.
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    9 Is this your first time here?
    19 That sounds interesting.
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    8 We met several times.
    20 It feels great!
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

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  • 479

    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    8 She's afraid of flying.
    2 Frank is coming too.
    10 We got there at seven.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    11 He's got no children.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    12 It's going to take a week.
    3 They're going to arrange it.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    1 I'm watching the news.

    Exercise 3

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  • 480

    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    3 Can they help us?
    6 Will you be there?
    8 Should I tell her?
    1 Are you hungry?
    7 Do they agree?
    2 Does he know?
    4 Have you got any money?
    10 Am I right?
    9 Could he do it for us?
    5 Is she coming too?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

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    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    6 0.05 seconds
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    3 246 people
    11 bus number 102
    12 phone number 670098883
    10 in the 1980s
    4 3,500
    2 He was 52nd.
    7 35,785
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    9 in the year 2015
    5 4.6,000,000
    8 9,756,004

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

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  • 484

    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    9 What did you drink? only tea
    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    7 What did they want? more money
    13 When did you see him? last week
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday
    10 Did you have a good time? great time

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    10 We'll be able to come.
    9 They could help us.
    8 There were more people.
    3 I'm going to tell him.
    4 You should eat less meat.
    6 There's too much water.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    2 She should tell them.
    1 He speaks English.

    Exercise 7

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    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    6 she, sit between us
    4 we, meet, on the bus
    5 I, give him, the money
    10 the car, be, not expensive
    8 our dog, not eat that
    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    2 my parents, know
    1 he, speak about it
    9 he, not like the food
    3 she, send us, messages

    Exercise 8

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    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    10 I'm drinking beer.
    7 She's sleeping late.
    5 School is beginning.
    1 She's feeling good.
    4 She's making dinner.
    6 He's coming.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    2 Bob is trying hard.
    3 It's snowing.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.

    Exercise 10

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    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

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  • 492

    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    12 I can remember that he told her.
    1 He likes to play games.
    2 They love to sing.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    8 It will be hard to solve.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    3 Music started to play.
    4 He continued to read.
    7 It should be easy to repair.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    5 We love it when we go out.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.

    Exercise 12

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  • 493

    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    12 Go down this road.
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    5 The worst is behind us.
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    2 You are among friends.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    3 It's just around the corner.
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

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    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    12 You should do it soon possible.
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    4 Can I have a glass water?
    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    13 I go to see him time time.
    5 Can you tell me more it?
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    7 He died the age 95.
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    3 I got it my friend.
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • c She had to go to work.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • b We met on the bus.
    • j No, he's an only child.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

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    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    7 There were less/fewer people.
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    6 That's too much/many money.
    3 There will be many/much people.
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    17 He should get other/another chance.
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    16 It'll be many/much better.

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

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  • 503

    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

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  • 507

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    9 Please let me know as as possible!
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    6 Do you any sports?
    3 She's dinner just now.
    1 You are a big mistake!
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    8 How much money does he ?
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    5 I need to a phone call.
    14 He it to her happy.
    4 You should your homework now.
    15 Stop fun of me!
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

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    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.

    Exercise 23

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  • 514

    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling

    Exercise 24

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  • 515

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    3 What will you need?
    1 Why do you need car?
    4 What things do you like?
    2 What do people think?
    5 Let's go somewhere .
    6 We will find some place.
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    8 I'll come time.
    9 Nobody knows that.

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

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  • 517

    • Přeložte.

    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.