Exercises

Exercise 1

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  • 477

    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    2 Take a look at this!
    13 Let's go shopping!
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    18 There's no need to worry.
    9 Is this your first time here?
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    10 What time does your plane land?
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    1 What are you watching?
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    8 We met several times.
    16 Shall we sit down?
    19 That sounds interesting.
    12 She never speaks to me.
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    20 It feels great!

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    1 I'm watching the news.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    2 Frank is coming too.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    11 He's got no children.
    8 She's afraid of flying.
    10 We got there at seven.
    12 It's going to take a week.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    3 They're going to arrange it.

    Exercise 3

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    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    1 Are you hungry?
    6 Will you be there?
    7 Do they agree?
    4 Have you got any money?
    8 Should I tell her?
    2 Does he know?
    3 Can they help us?
    9 Could he do it for us?
    5 Is she coming too?
    10 Am I right?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

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    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    4 3,500
    12 phone number 670098883
    6 0.05 seconds
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    7 35,785
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    5 4.6,000,000
    8 9,756,004
    10 in the 1980s
    3 246 people
    11 bus number 102
    9 in the year 2015
    2 He was 52nd.

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

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    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    9 What did you drink? only tea
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    7 What did they want? more money
    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    13 When did you see him? last week
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    8 There were more people.
    1 He speaks English.
    10 We'll be able to come.
    3 I'm going to tell him.
    4 You should eat less meat.
    6 There's too much water.
    9 They could help us.
    2 She should tell them.

    Exercise 7

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    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    5 I, give him, the money
    3 she, send us, messages
    6 she, sit between us
    1 he, speak about it
    4 we, meet, on the bus
    2 my parents, know
    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    9 he, not like the food
    10 the car, be, not expensive
    8 our dog, not eat that

    Exercise 8

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    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look
    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    4 She's making dinner.
    10 I'm drinking beer.
    5 School is beginning.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    2 Bob is trying hard.
    7 She's sleeping late.
    6 He's coming.
    3 It's snowing.
    1 She's feeling good.

    Exercise 10

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    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

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    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    3 Music started to play.
    7 It should be easy to repair.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    2 They love to sing.
    5 We love it when we go out.
    1 He likes to play games.
    8 It will be hard to solve.
    12 I can remember that he told her.
    4 He continued to read.

    Exercise 12

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    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    12 Go down this road.
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    5 The worst is behind us.
    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    3 It's just around the corner.
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    2 You are among friends.
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

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    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    4 Can I have a glass water?
    13 I go to see him time time.
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    3 I got it my friend.
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    5 Can you tell me more it?
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    7 He died the age 95.

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • b We met on the bus.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • c She had to go to work.
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • j No, he's an only child.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

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    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    16 It'll be many/much better.
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    6 That's too much/many money.
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    3 There will be many/much people.
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    17 He should get other/another chance.
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

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    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    9 Please let me know as as possible!
    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    6 Do you any sports?
    3 She's dinner just now.
    14 He it to her happy.
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    15 Stop fun of me!
    1 You are a big mistake!
    8 How much money does he ?
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    5 I need to a phone call.
    4 You should your homework now.
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

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    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV
    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.

    Exercise 23

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    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow

    Exercise 24

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    9 Nobody knows that.
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    1 Why do you need car?
    4 What things do you like?
    2 What do people think?
    8 I'll come time.
    5 Let's go somewhere .
    3 What will you need?
    6 We will find some place.

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

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    • Přeložte.

    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.