Exercises

Exercise 1

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  • 477

    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    13 Let's go shopping!
    20 It feels great!
    19 That sounds interesting.
    9 Is this your first time here?
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    12 She never speaks to me.
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    8 We met several times.
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    16 Shall we sit down?
    1 What are you watching?
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    2 Take a look at this!
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    10 What time does your plane land?
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    18 There's no need to worry.

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    3 They're going to arrange it.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    1 I'm watching the news.
    12 It's going to take a week.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    2 Frank is coming too.
    11 He's got no children.
    8 She's afraid of flying.
    10 We got there at seven.

    Exercise 3

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    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    2 Does he know?
    4 Have you got any money?
    10 Am I right?
    8 Should I tell her?
    7 Do they agree?
    9 Could he do it for us?
    3 Can they help us?
    6 Will you be there?
    5 Is she coming too?
    1 Are you hungry?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

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    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    6 0.05 seconds
    3 246 people
    4 3,500
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    2 He was 52nd.
    8 9,756,004
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    5 4.6,000,000
    9 in the year 2015
    10 in the 1980s
    12 phone number 670098883
    11 bus number 102
    7 35,785

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

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    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    7 What did they want? more money
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    13 When did you see him? last week
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    10 Did you have a good time? great time

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    10 We'll be able to come.
    1 He speaks English.
    6 There's too much water.
    3 I'm going to tell him.
    4 You should eat less meat.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    8 There were more people.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    9 They could help us.
    2 She should tell them.

    Exercise 7

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    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    10 the car, be, not expensive
    3 she, send us, messages
    8 our dog, not eat that
    2 my parents, know
    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    9 he, not like the food
    6 she, sit between us
    1 he, speak about it
    4 we, meet, on the bus
    5 I, give him, the money

    Exercise 8

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  • 488

    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better
    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    1 She's feeling good.
    2 Bob is trying hard.
    10 I'm drinking beer.
    6 He's coming.
    4 She's making dinner.
    5 School is beginning.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    7 She's sleeping late.
    3 It's snowing.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.

    Exercise 10

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    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

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    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    3 Music started to play.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    12 I can remember that he told her.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    2 They love to sing.
    5 We love it when we go out.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    8 It will be hard to solve.
    1 He likes to play games.
    7 It should be easy to repair.
    4 He continued to read.

    Exercise 12

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  • 493

    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    2 You are among friends.
    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    5 The worst is behind us.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    3 It's just around the corner.
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    12 Go down this road.
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    11 You can't take it on the plane.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

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    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    13 I go to see him time time.
    5 Can you tell me more it?
    3 I got it my friend.
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    7 He died the age 95.
    4 Can I have a glass water?
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • b We met on the bus.
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • c She had to go to work.
    • j No, he's an only child.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

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  • 501

    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    3 There will be many/much people.
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    6 That's too much/many money.
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    17 He should get other/another chance.
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    14 There was few/little rain last year.

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

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    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    9 Please let me know as as possible!
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    3 She's dinner just now.
    6 Do you any sports?
    8 How much money does he ?
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    5 I need to a phone call.
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    4 You should your homework now.
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    15 Stop fun of me!
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    1 You are a big mistake!
    14 He it to her happy.
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

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    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.

    Exercise 23

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  • 514

    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow

    Exercise 24

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    5 Let's go somewhere .
    4 What things do you like?
    9 Nobody knows that.
    1 Why do you need car?
    8 I'll come time.
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    3 What will you need?
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    6 We will find some place.
    2 What do people think?

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

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  • 517

    • Přeložte.

    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.