Exercises

Exercise 1

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  • 477

    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    16 Shall we sit down?
    2 Take a look at this!
    20 It feels great!
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    13 Let's go shopping!
    8 We met several times.
    19 That sounds interesting.
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    9 Is this your first time here?
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    18 There's no need to worry.
    10 What time does your plane land?
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    1 What are you watching?
    12 She never speaks to me.

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

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  • 479

    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    12 It's going to take a week.
    8 She's afraid of flying.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    1 I'm watching the news.
    3 They're going to arrange it.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    10 We got there at seven.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    11 He's got no children.
    2 Frank is coming too.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.

    Exercise 3

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    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    9 Could he do it for us?
    8 Should I tell her?
    7 Do they agree?
    3 Can they help us?
    10 Am I right?
    4 Have you got any money?
    6 Will you be there?
    2 Does he know?
    5 Is she coming too?
    1 Are you hungry?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

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    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    5 4.6,000,000
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    9 in the year 2015
    10 in the 1980s
    7 35,785
    11 bus number 102
    8 9,756,004
    12 phone number 670098883
    2 He was 52nd.
    4 3,500
    6 0.05 seconds
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    3 246 people

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

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  • 484

    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    13 When did you see him? last week
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday
    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    7 What did they want? more money
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    10 We'll be able to come.
    3 I'm going to tell him.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    1 He speaks English.
    4 You should eat less meat.
    6 There's too much water.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    2 She should tell them.
    8 There were more people.
    9 They could help us.

    Exercise 7

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    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    2 my parents, know
    5 I, give him, the money
    9 he, not like the food
    8 our dog, not eat that
    3 she, send us, messages
    1 he, speak about it
    4 we, meet, on the bus
    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    10 the car, be, not expensive
    6 she, sit between us

    Exercise 8

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  • 488

    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    6 He's coming.
    7 She's sleeping late.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    3 It's snowing.
    4 She's making dinner.
    10 I'm drinking beer.
    1 She's feeling good.
    5 School is beginning.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    2 Bob is trying hard.

    Exercise 10

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    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

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    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    4 He continued to read.
    2 They love to sing.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    3 Music started to play.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    5 We love it when we go out.
    7 It should be easy to repair.
    12 I can remember that he told her.
    1 He likes to play games.
    8 It will be hard to solve.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.

    Exercise 12

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  • 493

    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    2 You are among friends.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    3 It's just around the corner.
    5 The worst is behind us.
    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    12 Go down this road.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

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    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    5 Can you tell me more it?
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    13 I go to see him time time.
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    7 He died the age 95.
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    3 I got it my friend.
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    4 Can I have a glass water?
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • j No, he's an only child.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • c She had to go to work.
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • b We met on the bus.
    • a No, I told nobody.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

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    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    9 It should take only little/few time.
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    17 He should get other/another chance.
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    3 There will be many/much people.
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    6 That's too much/many money.
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    1 How many/much will it cost?

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

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  • 503

    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

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  • 507

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    9 Please let me know as as possible!

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    14 He it to her happy.
    5 I need to a phone call.
    8 How much money does he ?
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    4 You should your homework now.
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    15 Stop fun of me!
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    3 She's dinner just now.
    1 You are a big mistake!
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    6 Do you any sports?

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

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    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country
    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.

    Exercise 23

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  • 514

    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow
    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married

    Exercise 24

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  • 515

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    1 Why do you need car?
    4 What things do you like?
    2 What do people think?
    3 What will you need?
    8 I'll come time.
    6 We will find some place.
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    5 Let's go somewhere .
    9 Nobody knows that.

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

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    • Přeložte.

    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.