Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    9 Is this your first time here?
    10 What time does your plane land?
    2 Take a look at this!
    13 Let's go shopping!
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    8 We met several times.
    16 Shall we sit down?
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    18 There's no need to worry.
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    19 That sounds interesting.
    20 It feels great!
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    12 She never speaks to me.
    1 What are you watching?
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    2 Frank is coming too.
    11 He's got no children.
    3 They're going to arrange it.
    8 She's afraid of flying.
    10 We got there at seven.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    1 I'm watching the news.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    12 It's going to take a week.

    Exercise 3

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    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    10 Am I right?
    1 Are you hungry?
    4 Have you got any money?
    9 Could he do it for us?
    3 Can they help us?
    5 Is she coming too?
    7 Do they agree?
    6 Will you be there?
    2 Does he know?
    8 Should I tell her?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

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    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    12 phone number 670098883
    3 246 people
    9 in the year 2015
    10 in the 1980s
    8 9,756,004
    6 0.05 seconds
    11 bus number 102
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    4 3,500
    7 35,785
    5 4.6,000,000
    2 He was 52nd.

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

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    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    13 When did you see him? last week
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    7 What did they want? more money
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    1 He speaks English.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    3 I'm going to tell him.
    6 There's too much water.
    4 You should eat less meat.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    10 We'll be able to come.
    2 She should tell them.
    9 They could help us.
    8 There were more people.

    Exercise 7

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    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    4 we, meet, on the bus
    1 he, speak about it
    5 I, give him, the money
    9 he, not like the food
    8 our dog, not eat that
    10 the car, be, not expensive
    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    6 she, sit between us
    2 my parents, know
    3 she, send us, messages

    Exercise 8

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    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look
    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    2 Bob is trying hard.
    3 It's snowing.
    6 He's coming.
    5 School is beginning.
    1 She's feeling good.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    10 I'm drinking beer.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    7 She's sleeping late.
    4 She's making dinner.

    Exercise 10

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    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

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    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    4 He continued to read.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    12 I can remember that he told her.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    2 They love to sing.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    1 He likes to play games.
    3 Music started to play.
    7 It should be easy to repair.
    5 We love it when we go out.
    8 It will be hard to solve.

    Exercise 12

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    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    10 I'm ready for anything.
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    5 The worst is behind us.
    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    2 You are among friends.
    3 It's just around the corner.
    12 Go down this road.
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

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    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    13 I go to see him time time.
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    7 He died the age 95.
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    5 Can you tell me more it?
    3 I got it my friend.
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    4 Can I have a glass water?
    10 I'm going to stay three days.

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • j No, he's an only child.
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • c She had to go to work.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • b We met on the bus.
    • i Usually twice a week.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

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    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    17 He should get other/another chance.
    3 There will be many/much people.
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    6 That's too much/many money.
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    4 I tried it many/much times.

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

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    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    9 Please let me know as as possible!
    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    15 Stop fun of me!
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    5 I need to a phone call.
    4 You should your homework now.
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    6 Do you any sports?
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    1 You are a big mistake!
    8 How much money does he ?
    14 He it to her happy.
    3 She's dinner just now.
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

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    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?

    Exercise 23

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    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter
    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced

    Exercise 24

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    2 What do people think?
    3 What will you need?
    1 Why do you need car?
    6 We will find some place.
    4 What things do you like?
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    8 I'll come time.
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    5 Let's go somewhere .
    9 Nobody knows that.

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

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    • Přeložte.

    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.