Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    1 What are you watching?
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    12 She never speaks to me.
    2 Take a look at this!
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    20 It feels great!
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    8 We met several times.
    18 There's no need to worry.
    9 Is this your first time here?
    10 What time does your plane land?
    13 Let's go shopping!
    16 Shall we sit down?
    19 That sounds interesting.

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    10 We got there at seven.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    12 It's going to take a week.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    2 Frank is coming too.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    3 They're going to arrange it.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    1 I'm watching the news.
    8 She's afraid of flying.
    11 He's got no children.

    Exercise 3

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    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    10 Am I right?
    7 Do they agree?
    1 Are you hungry?
    2 Does he know?
    4 Have you got any money?
    3 Can they help us?
    8 Should I tell her?
    6 Will you be there?
    9 Could he do it for us?
    5 Is she coming too?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

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    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    1 on May 1st and 26th
    7 35,785
    6 0.05 seconds
    8 9,756,004
    11 bus number 102
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    4 3,500
    3 246 people
    10 in the 1980s
    2 He was 52nd.
    5 4.6,000,000
    12 phone number 670098883
    9 in the year 2015

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

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    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    13 When did you see him? last week
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    7 What did they want? more money
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday
    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    10 We'll be able to come.
    1 He speaks English.
    2 She should tell them.
    4 You should eat less meat.
    6 There's too much water.
    9 They could help us.
    3 I'm going to tell him.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    8 There were more people.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.

    Exercise 7

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    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    10 the car, be, not expensive
    9 he, not like the food
    4 we, meet, on the bus
    5 I, give him, the money
    8 our dog, not eat that
    2 my parents, know
    1 he, speak about it
    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    3 she, send us, messages
    6 she, sit between us

    Exercise 8

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    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    1 She's feeling good.
    6 He's coming.
    7 She's sleeping late.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    4 She's making dinner.
    2 Bob is trying hard.
    5 School is beginning.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    3 It's snowing.
    10 I'm drinking beer.

    Exercise 10

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    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

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    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    4 He continued to read.
    12 I can remember that he told her.
    8 It will be hard to solve.
    3 Music started to play.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    5 We love it when we go out.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    1 He likes to play games.
    7 It should be easy to repair.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    2 They love to sing.

    Exercise 12

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    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    5 The worst is behind us.
    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    3 It's just around the corner.
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    12 Go down this road.
    2 You are among friends.
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

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    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    7 He died the age 95.
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    13 I go to see him time time.
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    3 I got it my friend.
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    4 Can I have a glass water?
    5 Can you tell me more it?
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    1 We'll go car to be there time.

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • b We met on the bus.
    • c She had to go to work.
    • j No, he's an only child.
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

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    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    7 There were less/fewer people.
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    17 He should get other/another chance.
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    3 There will be many/much people.
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    6 That's too much/many money.

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

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    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    9 Please let me know as as possible!
    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    1 You are a big mistake!
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    15 Stop fun of me!
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    4 You should your homework now.
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    14 He it to her happy.
    5 I need to a phone call.
    3 She's dinner just now.
    8 How much money does he ?
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    6 Do you any sports?
    12 Who's going to the shopping?

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

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    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV
    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country
    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.

    Exercise 23

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    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married

    Exercise 24

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    1 Why do you need car?
    5 Let's go somewhere .
    3 What will you need?
    9 Nobody knows that.
    2 What do people think?
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    4 What things do you like?
    6 We will find some place.
    8 I'll come time.

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

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    • Přeložte.

    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.