Exercises

Exercise 1

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  • 477

    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    20 It feels great!
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    13 Let's go shopping!
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    2 Take a look at this!
    16 Shall we sit down?
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    9 Is this your first time here?
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    8 We met several times.
    1 What are you watching?
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    12 She never speaks to me.
    18 There's no need to worry.
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    19 That sounds interesting.
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    10 What time does your plane land?
    4 She knew nothing about it.

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

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  • 479

    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    11 He's got no children.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    3 They're going to arrange it.
    10 We got there at seven.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    1 I'm watching the news.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    12 It's going to take a week.
    8 She's afraid of flying.
    2 Frank is coming too.

    Exercise 3

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  • 480

    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    2 Does he know?
    8 Should I tell her?
    4 Have you got any money?
    6 Will you be there?
    10 Am I right?
    3 Can they help us?
    5 Is she coming too?
    9 Could he do it for us?
    1 Are you hungry?
    7 Do they agree?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

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  • 482

    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    4 3,500
    3 246 people
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    6 0.05 seconds
    5 4.6,000,000
    10 in the 1980s
    9 in the year 2015
    12 phone number 670098883
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    8 9,756,004
    11 bus number 102
    7 35,785
    2 He was 52nd.

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

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  • 484

    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    7 What did they want? more money
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    13 When did you see him? last week
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    1 He speaks English.
    6 There's too much water.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    8 There were more people.
    2 She should tell them.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    4 You should eat less meat.
    9 They could help us.
    3 I'm going to tell him.
    10 We'll be able to come.

    Exercise 7

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    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    2 my parents, know
    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    1 he, speak about it
    4 we, meet, on the bus
    5 I, give him, the money
    9 he, not like the food
    8 our dog, not eat that
    6 she, sit between us
    10 the car, be, not expensive
    3 she, send us, messages

    Exercise 8

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  • 488

    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better
    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    2 Bob is trying hard.
    10 I'm drinking beer.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    1 She's feeling good.
    3 It's snowing.
    6 He's coming.
    7 She's sleeping late.
    5 School is beginning.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    4 She's making dinner.

    Exercise 10

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    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

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  • 492

    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    8 It will be hard to solve.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    5 We love it when we go out.
    4 He continued to read.
    12 I can remember that he told her.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    3 Music started to play.
    2 They love to sing.
    1 He likes to play games.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    7 It should be easy to repair.

    Exercise 12

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  • 493

    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    5 The worst is behind us.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    2 You are among friends.
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    3 It's just around the corner.
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    12 Go down this road.
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    11 You can't take it on the plane.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

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  • 495

    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    7 He died the age 95.
    5 Can you tell me more it?
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    3 I got it my friend.
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    4 Can I have a glass water?
    13 I go to see him time time.
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    12 You should do it soon possible.

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • c She had to go to work.
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • j No, he's an only child.
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • b We met on the bus.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • i Usually twice a week.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

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  • 501

    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    6 That's too much/many money.
    3 There will be many/much people.
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    17 He should get other/another chance.
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

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  • 503

    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

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  • 507

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    9 Please let me know as as possible!
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    5 I need to a phone call.
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    14 He it to her happy.
    3 She's dinner just now.
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    15 Stop fun of me!
    1 You are a big mistake!
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    6 Do you any sports?
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    8 How much money does he ?
    4 You should your homework now.

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

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    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.

    Exercise 23

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  • 514

    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner

    Exercise 24

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  • 515

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    4 What things do you like?
    9 Nobody knows that.
    2 What do people think?
    1 Why do you need car?
    6 We will find some place.
    8 I'll come time.
    5 Let's go somewhere .
    3 What will you need?

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

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  • 517

    • Přeložte.

    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.