Exercises

Exercise 1

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  • 477

    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    8 We met several times.
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    19 That sounds interesting.
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    10 What time does your plane land?
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    1 What are you watching?
    16 Shall we sit down?
    2 Take a look at this!
    9 Is this your first time here?
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    12 She never speaks to me.
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    20 It feels great!
    13 Let's go shopping!
    18 There's no need to worry.
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

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  • 479

    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    1 I'm watching the news.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    3 They're going to arrange it.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    12 It's going to take a week.
    10 We got there at seven.
    11 He's got no children.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    2 Frank is coming too.
    8 She's afraid of flying.

    Exercise 3

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  • 480

    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    3 Can they help us?
    9 Could he do it for us?
    5 Is she coming too?
    6 Will you be there?
    10 Am I right?
    1 Are you hungry?
    2 Does he know?
    4 Have you got any money?
    7 Do they agree?
    8 Should I tell her?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

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    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    8 9,756,004
    9 in the year 2015
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    4 3,500
    10 in the 1980s
    12 phone number 670098883
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    6 0.05 seconds
    11 bus number 102
    7 35,785
    5 4.6,000,000
    2 He was 52nd.
    3 246 people

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

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  • 484

    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    7 What did they want? more money
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday
    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    13 When did you see him? last week
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    10 Did you have a good time? great time

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    4 You should eat less meat.
    1 He speaks English.
    6 There's too much water.
    2 She should tell them.
    10 We'll be able to come.
    9 They could help us.
    3 I'm going to tell him.
    8 There were more people.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.

    Exercise 7

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    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    4 we, meet, on the bus
    5 I, give him, the money
    2 my parents, know
    3 she, send us, messages
    1 he, speak about it
    9 he, not like the food
    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    6 she, sit between us
    10 the car, be, not expensive
    8 our dog, not eat that

    Exercise 8

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  • 488

    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better
    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell

    Exercise 9

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  • 489

    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    10 I'm drinking beer.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    4 She's making dinner.
    1 She's feeling good.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    6 He's coming.
    3 It's snowing.
    5 School is beginning.
    7 She's sleeping late.
    2 Bob is trying hard.

    Exercise 10

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    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

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  • 492

    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    8 It will be hard to solve.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    5 We love it when we go out.
    7 It should be easy to repair.
    4 He continued to read.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    12 I can remember that he told her.
    1 He likes to play games.
    3 Music started to play.
    2 They love to sing.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.

    Exercise 12

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  • 493

    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    3 It's just around the corner.
    5 The worst is behind us.
    12 Go down this road.
    2 You are among friends.
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    9 He sits in front of the TV.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

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    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    4 Can I have a glass water?
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    13 I go to see him time time.
    3 I got it my friend.
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    5 Can you tell me more it?
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    7 He died the age 95.
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • b We met on the bus.
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • c She had to go to work.
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • j No, he's an only child.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

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  • 501

    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    16 It'll be many/much better.
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    6 That's too much/many money.
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    17 He should get other/another chance.
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    3 There will be many/much people.
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    7 There were less/fewer people.

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

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  • 503

    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

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  • 507

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    9 Please let me know as as possible!
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    1 You are a big mistake!
    5 I need to a phone call.
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    8 How much money does he ?
    3 She's dinner just now.
    6 Do you any sports?
    15 Stop fun of me!
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    14 He it to her happy.
    4 You should your homework now.
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

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    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.

    Exercise 23

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  • 514

    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter
    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single

    Exercise 24

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  • 515

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    9 Nobody knows that.
    1 Why do you need car?
    8 I'll come time.
    6 We will find some place.
    4 What things do you like?
    2 What do people think?
    3 What will you need?
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    5 Let's go somewhere .

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

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  • 517

    • Přeložte.

    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.