Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    13 Let's go shopping!
    16 Shall we sit down?
    1 What are you watching?
    19 That sounds interesting.
    8 We met several times.
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    2 Take a look at this!
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    10 What time does your plane land?
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    12 She never speaks to me.
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    20 It feels great!
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    18 There's no need to worry.
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    9 Is this your first time here?

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    1 I'm watching the news.
    12 It's going to take a week.
    10 We got there at seven.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    3 They're going to arrange it.
    8 She's afraid of flying.
    11 He's got no children.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    2 Frank is coming too.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.

    Exercise 3

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    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    5 Is she coming too?
    1 Are you hungry?
    4 Have you got any money?
    10 Am I right?
    3 Can they help us?
    7 Do they agree?
    9 Could he do it for us?
    8 Should I tell her?
    2 Does he know?
    6 Will you be there?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

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    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    8 9,756,004
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    4 3,500
    7 35,785
    11 bus number 102
    6 0.05 seconds
    9 in the year 2015
    10 in the 1980s
    12 phone number 670098883
    3 246 people
    5 4.6,000,000
    2 He was 52nd.

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

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    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    7 What did they want? more money
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    13 When did you see him? last week
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    3 I'm going to tell him.
    2 She should tell them.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    8 There were more people.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    6 There's too much water.
    10 We'll be able to come.
    4 You should eat less meat.
    9 They could help us.
    1 He speaks English.

    Exercise 7

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    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    8 our dog, not eat that
    9 he, not like the food
    3 she, send us, messages
    6 she, sit between us
    1 he, speak about it
    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    4 we, meet, on the bus
    2 my parents, know
    10 the car, be, not expensive
    5 I, give him, the money

    Exercise 8

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    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better
    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    7 She's sleeping late.
    4 She's making dinner.
    10 I'm drinking beer.
    1 She's feeling good.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    2 Bob is trying hard.
    5 School is beginning.
    6 He's coming.
    3 It's snowing.

    Exercise 10

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    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

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    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    2 They love to sing.
    4 He continued to read.
    7 It should be easy to repair.
    8 It will be hard to solve.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    5 We love it when we go out.
    12 I can remember that he told her.
    1 He likes to play games.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    3 Music started to play.

    Exercise 12

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    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    3 It's just around the corner.
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    5 The worst is behind us.
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    2 You are among friends.
    12 Go down this road.
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

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    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    3 I got it my friend.
    7 He died the age 95.
    4 Can I have a glass water?
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    5 Can you tell me more it?
    13 I go to see him time time.
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • b We met on the bus.
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • j No, he's an only child.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • c She had to go to work.
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • i Usually twice a week.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

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    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    4 I tried it many/much times.
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    6 That's too much/many money.
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    3 There will be many/much people.
    17 He should get other/another chance.
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

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    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    9 Please let me know as as possible!
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    4 You should your homework now.
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    3 She's dinner just now.
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    15 Stop fun of me!
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    5 I need to a phone call.
    1 You are a big mistake!
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    14 He it to her happy.
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    8 How much money does he ?
    6 Do you any sports?

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

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    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?

    Exercise 23

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    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow

    Exercise 24

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    9 Nobody knows that.
    6 We will find some place.
    5 Let's go somewhere .
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    4 What things do you like?
    3 What will you need?
    8 I'll come time.
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    2 What do people think?
    1 Why do you need car?

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

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    • Přeložte.

    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.