Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    1 What are you watching?
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    19 That sounds interesting.
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    10 What time does your plane land?
    8 We met several times.
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    13 Let's go shopping!
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    2 Take a look at this!
    9 Is this your first time here?
    18 There's no need to worry.
    12 She never speaks to me.
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    16 Shall we sit down?
    20 It feels great!

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    3 They're going to arrange it.
    12 It's going to take a week.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    11 He's got no children.
    1 I'm watching the news.
    10 We got there at seven.
    2 Frank is coming too.
    8 She's afraid of flying.

    Exercise 3

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    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    6 Will you be there?
    5 Is she coming too?
    2 Does he know?
    8 Should I tell her?
    9 Could he do it for us?
    1 Are you hungry?
    4 Have you got any money?
    3 Can they help us?
    7 Do they agree?
    10 Am I right?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

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    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    11 bus number 102
    2 He was 52nd.
    7 35,785
    10 in the 1980s
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    3 246 people
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    8 9,756,004
    5 4.6,000,000
    6 0.05 seconds
    12 phone number 670098883
    9 in the year 2015
    4 3,500

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

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    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    6 When is she coming back? on Friday
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    7 What did they want? more money
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    13 When did you see him? last week
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    2 She should tell them.
    4 You should eat less meat.
    9 They could help us.
    10 We'll be able to come.
    1 He speaks English.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    6 There's too much water.
    3 I'm going to tell him.
    8 There were more people.

    Exercise 7

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    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    1 he, speak about it
    4 we, meet, on the bus
    2 my parents, know
    5 I, give him, the money
    6 she, sit between us
    10 the car, be, not expensive
    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    8 our dog, not eat that
    9 he, not like the food
    3 she, send us, messages

    Exercise 8

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    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    4 She's making dinner.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    7 She's sleeping late.
    10 I'm drinking beer.
    3 It's snowing.
    5 School is beginning.
    2 Bob is trying hard.
    1 She's feeling good.
    6 He's coming.

    Exercise 10

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    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

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    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    4 He continued to read.
    8 It will be hard to solve.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    2 They love to sing.
    12 I can remember that he told her.
    7 It should be easy to repair.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    5 We love it when we go out.
    1 He likes to play games.
    3 Music started to play.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.

    Exercise 12

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    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    2 You are among friends.
    12 Go down this road.
    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    3 It's just around the corner.
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    5 The worst is behind us.
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

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    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    7 He died the age 95.
    3 I got it my friend.
    5 Can you tell me more it?
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    13 I go to see him time time.
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    4 Can I have a glass water?

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • c She had to go to work.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • j No, he's an only child.
    • b We met on the bus.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • e No, I won't be able to.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

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    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    17 He should get other/another chance.
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    6 That's too much/many money.
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    3 There will be many/much people.
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

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    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    9 Please let me know as as possible!
    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    14 He it to her happy.
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    15 Stop fun of me!
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    8 How much money does he ?
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    1 You are a big mistake!
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    6 Do you any sports?
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    3 She's dinner just now.
    4 You should your homework now.
    5 I need to a phone call.

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

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    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV
    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.

    Exercise 23

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    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double

    Exercise 24

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    5 Let's go somewhere .
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    1 Why do you need car?
    2 What do people think?
    6 We will find some place.
    8 I'll come time.
    3 What will you need?
    9 Nobody knows that.
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    4 What things do you like?

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

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    • Přeložte.

    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.