Exercises

Exercise 1

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  • 477

    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    10 What time does your plane land?
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    20 It feels great!
    16 Shall we sit down?
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    13 Let's go shopping!
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    1 What are you watching?
    12 She never speaks to me.
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    18 There's no need to worry.
    2 Take a look at this!
    19 That sounds interesting.
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    9 Is this your first time here?
    8 We met several times.
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

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  • 479

    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    11 He's got no children.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    1 I'm watching the news.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    12 It's going to take a week.
    8 She's afraid of flying.
    3 They're going to arrange it.
    2 Frank is coming too.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    10 We got there at seven.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.

    Exercise 3

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  • 480

    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    7 Do they agree?
    2 Does he know?
    1 Are you hungry?
    8 Should I tell her?
    3 Can they help us?
    6 Will you be there?
    4 Have you got any money?
    5 Is she coming too?
    9 Could he do it for us?
    10 Am I right?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

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    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    11 bus number 102
    5 4.6,000,000
    7 35,785
    9 in the year 2015
    4 3,500
    3 246 people
    8 9,756,004
    10 in the 1980s
    12 phone number 670098883
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    6 0.05 seconds
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    2 He was 52nd.

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

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  • 484

    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    13 When did you see him? last week
    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    7 What did they want? more money
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    9 They could help us.
    6 There's too much water.
    8 There were more people.
    10 We'll be able to come.
    2 She should tell them.
    1 He speaks English.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    4 You should eat less meat.
    3 I'm going to tell him.

    Exercise 7

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    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    4 we, meet, on the bus
    9 he, not like the food
    10 the car, be, not expensive
    6 she, sit between us
    8 our dog, not eat that
    3 she, send us, messages
    1 he, speak about it
    2 my parents, know
    5 I, give him, the money

    Exercise 8

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  • 488

    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    2 Bob is trying hard.
    1 She's feeling good.
    6 He's coming.
    4 She's making dinner.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    5 School is beginning.
    10 I'm drinking beer.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    3 It's snowing.
    7 She's sleeping late.

    Exercise 10

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    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

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  • 492

    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    4 He continued to read.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    2 They love to sing.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    7 It should be easy to repair.
    12 I can remember that he told her.
    3 Music started to play.
    1 He likes to play games.
    8 It will be hard to solve.
    5 We love it when we go out.

    Exercise 12

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  • 493

    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    12 Go down this road.
    3 It's just around the corner.
    5 The worst is behind us.
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    2 You are among friends.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

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    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    12 You should do it soon possible.
    7 He died the age 95.
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    4 Can I have a glass water?
    13 I go to see him time time.
    3 I got it my friend.
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    5 Can you tell me more it?

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • c She had to go to work.
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • j No, he's an only child.
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • b We met on the bus.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

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    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    17 He should get other/another chance.
    3 There will be many/much people.
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    6 That's too much/many money.
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

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  • 503

    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

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  • 507

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    9 Please let me know as as possible!
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    6 Do you any sports?
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    8 How much money does he ?
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    15 Stop fun of me!
    14 He it to her happy.
    5 I need to a phone call.
    3 She's dinner just now.
    4 You should your homework now.
    1 You are a big mistake!
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

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    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?

    Exercise 23

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  • 514

    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling

    Exercise 24

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  • 515

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    5 Let's go somewhere .
    4 What things do you like?
    3 What will you need?
    2 What do people think?
    1 Why do you need car?
    8 I'll come time.
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    9 Nobody knows that.
    6 We will find some place.

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

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  • 517

    • Přeložte.

    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    12 Jdu nakupovat.

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.