Exercises

Exercise 1

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  • 477

    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    19 That sounds interesting.
    13 Let's go shopping!
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    1 What are you watching?
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    8 We met several times.
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    18 There's no need to worry.
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    12 She never speaks to me.
    10 What time does your plane land?
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    16 Shall we sit down?
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    20 It feels great!
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    2 Take a look at this!
    9 Is this your first time here?

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    6 Only ten people came there.
    11 He's got no children.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    1 I'm watching the news.
    12 It's going to take a week.
    3 They're going to arrange it.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    8 She's afraid of flying.
    10 We got there at seven.
    2 Frank is coming too.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.

    Exercise 3

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    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    3 Can they help us?
    9 Could he do it for us?
    6 Will you be there?
    5 Is she coming too?
    4 Have you got any money?
    7 Do they agree?
    8 Should I tell her?
    2 Does he know?
    10 Am I right?
    1 Are you hungry?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

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    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    8 9,756,004
    6 0.05 seconds
    9 in the year 2015
    4 3,500
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    3 246 people
    10 in the 1980s
    7 35,785
    12 phone number 670098883
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    2 He was 52nd.
    5 4.6,000,000
    11 bus number 102

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

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    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    7 What did they want? more money
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    13 When did you see him? last week
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    8 There were more people.
    4 You should eat less meat.
    2 She should tell them.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    6 There's too much water.
    1 He speaks English.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    9 They could help us.
    10 We'll be able to come.
    3 I'm going to tell him.

    Exercise 7

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    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    1 he, speak about it
    8 our dog, not eat that
    9 he, not like the food
    2 my parents, know
    5 I, give him, the money
    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    6 she, sit between us
    3 she, send us, messages
    4 we, meet, on the bus
    10 the car, be, not expensive

    Exercise 8

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    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    4 She's making dinner.
    5 School is beginning.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    10 I'm drinking beer.
    6 He's coming.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    7 She's sleeping late.
    2 Bob is trying hard.
    1 She's feeling good.
    3 It's snowing.

    Exercise 10

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    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

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    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    7 It should be easy to repair.
    8 It will be hard to solve.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    12 I can remember that he told her.
    4 He continued to read.
    2 They love to sing.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    3 Music started to play.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    1 He likes to play games.
    5 We love it when we go out.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.

    Exercise 12

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  • 493

    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    5 The worst is behind us.
    12 Go down this road.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    2 You are among friends.
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    3 It's just around the corner.
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    11 You can't take it on the plane.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

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    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    13 I go to see him time time.
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    5 Can you tell me more it?
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    4 Can I have a glass water?
    7 He died the age 95.
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    3 I got it my friend.
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • j No, he's an only child.
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • b We met on the bus.
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • c She had to go to work.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

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    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    12 I speak very little/few English.
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    17 He should get other/another chance.
    6 That's too much/many money.
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    3 There will be many/much people.
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

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    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    9 Please let me know as as possible!
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    8 How much money does he ?
    5 I need to a phone call.
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    6 Do you any sports?
    1 You are a big mistake!
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    14 He it to her happy.
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    15 Stop fun of me!
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    4 You should your homework now.
    3 She's dinner just now.

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

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    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country
    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.

    Exercise 23

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  • 514

    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married

    Exercise 24

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  • 515

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    5 Let's go somewhere .
    4 What things do you like?
    8 I'll come time.
    9 Nobody knows that.
    2 What do people think?
    6 We will find some place.
    1 Why do you need car?
    3 What will you need?
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

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    • Přeložte.

    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    11 Nepotřebuji to.

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.