Exercises

Exercise 1

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  • 477

    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    10 What time does your plane land?
    12 She never speaks to me.
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    20 It feels great!
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    19 That sounds interesting.
    2 Take a look at this!
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    8 We met several times.
    18 There's no need to worry.
    16 Shall we sit down?
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    9 Is this your first time here?
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    1 What are you watching?
    13 Let's go shopping!
    7 It was nice meeting you.

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

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  • 479

    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    1 I'm watching the news.
    12 It's going to take a week.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    2 Frank is coming too.
    3 They're going to arrange it.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    8 She's afraid of flying.
    11 He's got no children.
    10 We got there at seven.
    6 Only ten people came there.

    Exercise 3

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  • 480

    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    7 Do they agree?
    2 Does he know?
    8 Should I tell her?
    1 Are you hungry?
    4 Have you got any money?
    5 Is she coming too?
    10 Am I right?
    9 Could he do it for us?
    3 Can they help us?
    6 Will you be there?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

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    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    2 He was 52nd.
    12 phone number 670098883
    9 in the year 2015
    3 246 people
    10 in the 1980s
    7 35,785
    11 bus number 102
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    6 0.05 seconds
    4 3,500
    5 4.6,000,000
    8 9,756,004

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

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  • 484

    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    13 When did you see him? last week
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    7 What did they want? more money
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    6 There's too much water.
    3 I'm going to tell him.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    8 There were more people.
    1 He speaks English.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    9 They could help us.
    10 We'll be able to come.
    4 You should eat less meat.
    2 She should tell them.

    Exercise 7

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    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    9 he, not like the food
    4 we, meet, on the bus
    1 he, speak about it
    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    5 I, give him, the money
    6 she, sit between us
    3 she, send us, messages
    8 our dog, not eat that
    2 my parents, know
    10 the car, be, not expensive

    Exercise 8

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    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place

    Exercise 9

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  • 489

    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    6 He's coming.
    10 I'm drinking beer.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    1 She's feeling good.
    3 It's snowing.
    5 School is beginning.
    4 She's making dinner.
    7 She's sleeping late.
    2 Bob is trying hard.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.

    Exercise 10

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    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

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  • 492

    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    8 It will be hard to solve.
    1 He likes to play games.
    3 Music started to play.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    2 They love to sing.
    7 It should be easy to repair.
    12 I can remember that he told her.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    4 He continued to read.
    5 We love it when we go out.

    Exercise 12

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  • 493

    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    2 You are among friends.
    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    5 The worst is behind us.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    12 Go down this road.
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    3 It's just around the corner.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

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    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    7 He died the age 95.
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    5 Can you tell me more it?
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    3 I got it my friend.
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    4 Can I have a glass water?
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    13 I go to see him time time.

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • c She had to go to work.
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • j No, he's an only child.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • b We met on the bus.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

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  • 501

    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    3 There will be many/much people.
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    17 He should get other/another chance.
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    6 That's too much/many money.
    12 I speak very little/few English.

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

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    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

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  • 507

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    9 Please let me know as as possible!
    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    1 You are a big mistake!
    5 I need to a phone call.
    14 He it to her happy.
    4 You should your homework now.
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    6 Do you any sports?
    3 She's dinner just now.
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    15 Stop fun of me!
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    8 How much money does he ?
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

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    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .

    Exercise 23

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  • 514

    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double

    Exercise 24

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  • 515

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    9 Nobody knows that.
    1 Why do you need car?
    3 What will you need?
    5 Let's go somewhere .
    6 We will find some place.
    4 What things do you like?
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    2 What do people think?
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    8 I'll come time.

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

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  • 517

    • Přeložte.

    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.