Exercises

Exercise 1

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  • 477

    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    20 It feels great!
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    18 There's no need to worry.
    8 We met several times.
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    9 Is this your first time here?
    10 What time does your plane land?
    1 What are you watching?
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    13 Let's go shopping!
    19 That sounds interesting.
    16 Shall we sit down?
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    2 Take a look at this!
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    12 She never speaks to me.
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

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  • 479

    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    8 She's afraid of flying.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    12 It's going to take a week.
    3 They're going to arrange it.
    11 He's got no children.
    2 Frank is coming too.
    1 I'm watching the news.
    10 We got there at seven.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.

    Exercise 3

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  • 480

    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    3 Can they help us?
    2 Does he know?
    5 Is she coming too?
    7 Do they agree?
    1 Are you hungry?
    8 Should I tell her?
    6 Will you be there?
    4 Have you got any money?
    10 Am I right?
    9 Could he do it for us?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

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    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    3 246 people
    12 phone number 670098883
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    9 in the year 2015
    6 0.05 seconds
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    4 3,500
    2 He was 52nd.
    11 bus number 102
    8 9,756,004
    10 in the 1980s
    5 4.6,000,000
    7 35,785

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

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  • 484

    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    9 What did you drink? only tea
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    13 When did you see him? last week
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday
    7 What did they want? more money
    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    1 He speaks English.
    3 I'm going to tell him.
    10 We'll be able to come.
    4 You should eat less meat.
    2 She should tell them.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    9 They could help us.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    8 There were more people.
    6 There's too much water.

    Exercise 7

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  • 487

    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    2 my parents, know
    5 I, give him, the money
    8 our dog, not eat that
    1 he, speak about it
    6 she, sit between us
    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    10 the car, be, not expensive
    4 we, meet, on the bus
    9 he, not like the food
    3 she, send us, messages

    Exercise 8

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  • 488

    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better
    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue

    Exercise 9

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  • 489

    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    3 It's snowing.
    4 She's making dinner.
    1 She's feeling good.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    10 I'm drinking beer.
    5 School is beginning.
    6 He's coming.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    7 She's sleeping late.
    2 Bob is trying hard.

    Exercise 10

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    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

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  • 492

    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    8 It will be hard to solve.
    7 It should be easy to repair.
    4 He continued to read.
    1 He likes to play games.
    3 Music started to play.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    5 We love it when we go out.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    2 They love to sing.
    12 I can remember that he told her.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.

    Exercise 12

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  • 493

    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    3 It's just around the corner.
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    12 Go down this road.
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    5 The worst is behind us.
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    2 You are among friends.
    11 You can't take it on the plane.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

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  • 495

    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    7 He died the age 95.
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    4 Can I have a glass water?
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    13 I go to see him time time.
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    5 Can you tell me more it?
    3 I got it my friend.
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • b We met on the bus.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • c She had to go to work.
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • j No, he's an only child.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

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  • 501

    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    17 He should get other/another chance.
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    3 There will be many/much people.
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    6 That's too much/many money.
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

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  • 503

    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

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  • 507

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    9 Please let me know as as possible!

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    1 You are a big mistake!
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    8 How much money does he ?
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    3 She's dinner just now.
    5 I need to a phone call.
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    15 Stop fun of me!
    14 He it to her happy.
    4 You should your homework now.
    6 Do you any sports?
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

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    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

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  • 513

    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.

    Exercise 23

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  • 514

    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter

    Exercise 24

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  • 515

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    3 What will you need?
    1 Why do you need car?
    8 I'll come time.
    4 What things do you like?
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    9 Nobody knows that.
    5 Let's go somewhere .
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    6 We will find some place.
    2 What do people think?

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

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  • 517

    • Přeložte.

    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.