Exercises

Exercise 1

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  • 477

    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    2 Take a look at this!
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    10 What time does your plane land?
    9 Is this your first time here?
    16 Shall we sit down?
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    18 There's no need to worry.
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    1 What are you watching?
    13 Let's go shopping!
    19 That sounds interesting.
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    20 It feels great!
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    8 We met several times.
    12 She never speaks to me.
    14 She keeps talking about it.

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

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  • 479

    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    3 They're going to arrange it.
    12 It's going to take a week.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    11 He's got no children.
    2 Frank is coming too.
    10 We got there at seven.
    1 I'm watching the news.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    8 She's afraid of flying.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.

    Exercise 3

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  • 480

    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    3 Can they help us?
    8 Should I tell her?
    2 Does he know?
    1 Are you hungry?
    6 Will you be there?
    5 Is she coming too?
    9 Could he do it for us?
    4 Have you got any money?
    10 Am I right?
    7 Do they agree?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

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    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    1 on May 1st and 26th
    5 4.6,000,000
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    10 in the 1980s
    11 bus number 102
    8 9,756,004
    7 35,785
    4 3,500
    3 246 people
    12 phone number 670098883
    6 0.05 seconds
    2 He was 52nd.
    9 in the year 2015

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

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  • 484

    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    7 What did they want? more money
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday
    13 When did you see him? last week
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    9 What did you drink? only tea

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    1 He speaks English.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    8 There were more people.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    2 She should tell them.
    6 There's too much water.
    4 You should eat less meat.
    3 I'm going to tell him.
    9 They could help us.
    10 We'll be able to come.

    Exercise 7

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    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    3 she, send us, messages
    10 the car, be, not expensive
    1 he, speak about it
    6 she, sit between us
    2 my parents, know
    9 he, not like the food
    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    4 we, meet, on the bus
    5 I, give him, the money
    8 our dog, not eat that

    Exercise 8

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    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    1 She's feeling good.
    10 I'm drinking beer.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    2 Bob is trying hard.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    4 She's making dinner.
    6 He's coming.
    3 It's snowing.
    7 She's sleeping late.
    5 School is beginning.

    Exercise 10

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    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

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    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    12 I can remember that he told her.
    3 Music started to play.
    2 They love to sing.
    8 It will be hard to solve.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    1 He likes to play games.
    4 He continued to read.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    5 We love it when we go out.
    7 It should be easy to repair.

    Exercise 12

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  • 493

    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    2 You are among friends.
    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    12 Go down this road.
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    3 It's just around the corner.
    5 The worst is behind us.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

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    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    7 He died the age 95.
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    5 Can you tell me more it?
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    4 Can I have a glass water?
    13 I go to see him time time.
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    3 I got it my friend.

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • b We met on the bus.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • c She had to go to work.
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • j No, he's an only child.
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

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  • 501

    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    17 He should get other/another chance.
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    6 That's too much/many money.
    3 There will be many/much people.
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

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    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    9 Please let me know as as possible!
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    4 You should your homework now.
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    3 She's dinner just now.
    1 You are a big mistake!
    15 Stop fun of me!
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    6 Do you any sports?
    5 I need to a phone call.
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    14 He it to her happy.
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    8 How much money does he ?
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

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    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.

    Exercise 23

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  • 514

    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter

    Exercise 24

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  • 515

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    8 I'll come time.
    5 Let's go somewhere .
    9 Nobody knows that.
    3 What will you need?
    6 We will find some place.
    1 Why do you need car?
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    4 What things do you like?
    2 What do people think?

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

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  • 517

    • Přeložte.

    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    17 Museli jsme čekat.

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.