Exercises

Exercise 1

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  • 477

    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    15 He doesn't care about her.
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    20 It feels great!
    18 There's no need to worry.
    19 That sounds interesting.
    12 She never speaks to me.
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    1 What are you watching?
    13 Let's go shopping!
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    2 Take a look at this!
    9 Is this your first time here?
    10 What time does your plane land?
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    16 Shall we sit down?
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    8 We met several times.

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

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  • 479

    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    9 He goes there twice a week.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    11 He's got no children.
    3 They're going to arrange it.
    1 I'm watching the news.
    12 It's going to take a week.
    10 We got there at seven.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    8 She's afraid of flying.
    2 Frank is coming too.

    Exercise 3

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  • 480

    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    10 Am I right?
    4 Have you got any money?
    7 Do they agree?
    2 Does he know?
    3 Can they help us?
    5 Is she coming too?
    6 Will you be there?
    1 Are you hungry?
    8 Should I tell her?
    9 Could he do it for us?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

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  • 482

    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    10 in the 1980s
    9 in the year 2015
    4 3,500
    12 phone number 670098883
    8 9,756,004
    2 He was 52nd.
    5 4.6,000,000
    6 0.05 seconds
    7 35,785
    11 bus number 102
    3 246 people

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

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  • 484

    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    13 When did you see him? last week
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    7 What did they want? more money
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    10 We'll be able to come.
    8 There were more people.
    1 He speaks English.
    2 She should tell them.
    6 There's too much water.
    9 They could help us.
    4 You should eat less meat.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    3 I'm going to tell him.

    Exercise 7

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    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    3 she, send us, messages
    8 our dog, not eat that
    5 I, give him, the money
    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    4 we, meet, on the bus
    6 she, sit between us
    10 the car, be, not expensive
    1 he, speak about it
    9 he, not like the food
    2 my parents, know

    Exercise 8

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  • 488

    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call

    Exercise 9

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  • 489

    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    4 She's making dinner.
    6 He's coming.
    1 She's feeling good.
    3 It's snowing.
    2 Bob is trying hard.
    7 She's sleeping late.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    5 School is beginning.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    10 I'm drinking beer.

    Exercise 10

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    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

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    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    4 He continued to read.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    1 He likes to play games.
    8 It will be hard to solve.
    2 They love to sing.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    7 It should be easy to repair.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    5 We love it when we go out.
    12 I can remember that he told her.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    3 Music started to play.

    Exercise 12

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  • 493

    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    3 It's just around the corner.
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    12 Go down this road.
    2 You are among friends.
    5 The worst is behind us.
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

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  • 495

    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    3 I got it my friend.
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    5 Can you tell me more it?
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    13 I go to see him time time.
    4 Can I have a glass water?
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    7 He died the age 95.

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • j No, he's an only child.
    • c She had to go to work.
    • b We met on the bus.
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

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  • 501

    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    16 It'll be many/much better.
    17 He should get other/another chance.
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    6 That's too much/many money.
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    3 There will be many/much people.
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    1 How many/much will it cost?

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

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  • 503

    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

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  • 507

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    9 Please let me know as as possible!
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    1 You are a big mistake!
    14 He it to her happy.
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    15 Stop fun of me!
    6 Do you any sports?
    8 How much money does he ?
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    3 She's dinner just now.
    5 I need to a phone call.
    4 You should your homework now.

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

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    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

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  • 513

    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.

    Exercise 23

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  • 514

    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter

    Exercise 24

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  • 515

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    9 Nobody knows that.
    6 We will find some place.
    1 Why do you need car?
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    3 What will you need?
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    2 What do people think?
    5 Let's go somewhere .
    4 What things do you like?
    8 I'll come time.

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

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  • 517

    • Přeložte.

    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    12 Jdu nakupovat.

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.