Exercises

Exercise 1

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  • 477

    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    13 Let's go shopping!
    16 Shall we sit down?
    19 That sounds interesting.
    18 There's no need to worry.
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    20 It feels great!
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    8 We met several times.
    10 What time does your plane land?
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    12 She never speaks to me.
    2 Take a look at this!
    9 Is this your first time here?
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    1 What are you watching?
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

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  • 479

    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    11 He's got no children.
    12 It's going to take a week.
    3 They're going to arrange it.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    1 I'm watching the news.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    2 Frank is coming too.
    10 We got there at seven.
    8 She's afraid of flying.

    Exercise 3

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  • 480

    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    9 Could he do it for us?
    10 Am I right?
    3 Can they help us?
    2 Does he know?
    6 Will you be there?
    8 Should I tell her?
    7 Do they agree?
    4 Have you got any money?
    5 Is she coming too?
    1 Are you hungry?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

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    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    10 in the 1980s
    12 phone number 670098883
    3 246 people
    7 35,785
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    9 in the year 2015
    6 0.05 seconds
    2 He was 52nd.
    5 4.6,000,000
    11 bus number 102
    4 3,500
    8 9,756,004
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

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    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    7 What did they want? more money
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    13 When did you see him? last week
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    1 He speaks English.
    6 There's too much water.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    2 She should tell them.
    3 I'm going to tell him.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    10 We'll be able to come.
    9 They could help us.
    8 There were more people.
    4 You should eat less meat.

    Exercise 7

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    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    2 my parents, know
    8 our dog, not eat that
    10 the car, be, not expensive
    9 he, not like the food
    1 he, speak about it
    6 she, sit between us
    3 she, send us, messages
    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    4 we, meet, on the bus
    5 I, give him, the money

    Exercise 8

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  • 488

    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    4 She's making dinner.
    7 She's sleeping late.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    2 Bob is trying hard.
    3 It's snowing.
    1 She's feeling good.
    6 He's coming.
    10 I'm drinking beer.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    5 School is beginning.

    Exercise 10

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    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

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  • 492

    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    2 They love to sing.
    8 It will be hard to solve.
    5 We love it when we go out.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    12 I can remember that he told her.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    1 He likes to play games.
    4 He continued to read.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    7 It should be easy to repair.
    3 Music started to play.

    Exercise 12

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  • 493

    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    5 The worst is behind us.
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    12 Go down this road.
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    2 You are among friends.
    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    3 It's just around the corner.
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

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    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    3 I got it my friend.
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    5 Can you tell me more it?
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    4 Can I have a glass water?
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    7 He died the age 95.
    13 I go to see him time time.
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    10 I'm going to stay three days.

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • b We met on the bus.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • j No, he's an only child.
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • c She had to go to work.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

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    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    6 That's too much/many money.
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    17 He should get other/another chance.
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    3 There will be many/much people.
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    9 It should take only little/few time.

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

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  • 503

    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

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  • 507

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    9 Please let me know as as possible!
    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    3 She's dinner just now.
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    4 You should your homework now.
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    8 How much money does he ?
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    1 You are a big mistake!
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    5 I need to a phone call.
    14 He it to her happy.
    6 Do you any sports?
    15 Stop fun of me!

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

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    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.

    Exercise 23

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    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter
    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced

    Exercise 24

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  • 515

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    2 What do people think?
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    5 Let's go somewhere .
    3 What will you need?
    8 I'll come time.
    6 We will find some place.
    4 What things do you like?
    1 Why do you need car?
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    9 Nobody knows that.

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

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  • 517

    • Přeložte.

    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.