Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    2 Take a look at this!
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    12 She never speaks to me.
    9 Is this your first time here?
    10 What time does your plane land?
    16 Shall we sit down?
    18 There's no need to worry.
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    8 We met several times.
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    13 Let's go shopping!
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    1 What are you watching?
    19 That sounds interesting.
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    20 It feels great!

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    1 I'm watching the news.
    12 It's going to take a week.
    3 They're going to arrange it.
    10 We got there at seven.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    2 Frank is coming too.
    8 She's afraid of flying.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    11 He's got no children.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.

    Exercise 3

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    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    10 Am I right?
    1 Are you hungry?
    5 Is she coming too?
    9 Could he do it for us?
    2 Does he know?
    4 Have you got any money?
    7 Do they agree?
    8 Should I tell her?
    3 Can they help us?
    6 Will you be there?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

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    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    12 phone number 670098883
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    9 in the year 2015
    3 246 people
    8 9,756,004
    4 3,500
    2 He was 52nd.
    10 in the 1980s
    6 0.05 seconds
    11 bus number 102
    7 35,785
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    5 4.6,000,000

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

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    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    6 When is she coming back? on Friday
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    13 When did you see him? last week
    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    7 What did they want? more money
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    10 Did you have a good time? great time

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    1 He speaks English.
    6 There's too much water.
    8 There were more people.
    9 They could help us.
    2 She should tell them.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    10 We'll be able to come.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    3 I'm going to tell him.
    4 You should eat less meat.

    Exercise 7

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    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    10 the car, be, not expensive
    8 our dog, not eat that
    4 we, meet, on the bus
    5 I, give him, the money
    9 he, not like the food
    1 he, speak about it
    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    3 she, send us, messages
    6 she, sit between us
    2 my parents, know

    Exercise 8

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    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    7 She's sleeping late.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    3 It's snowing.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    5 School is beginning.
    6 He's coming.
    10 I'm drinking beer.
    1 She's feeling good.
    4 She's making dinner.
    2 Bob is trying hard.

    Exercise 10

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    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

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    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    12 I can remember that he told her.
    2 They love to sing.
    7 It should be easy to repair.
    1 He likes to play games.
    5 We love it when we go out.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    8 It will be hard to solve.
    3 Music started to play.
    4 He continued to read.

    Exercise 12

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    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    2 You are among friends.
    5 The worst is behind us.
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    12 Go down this road.
    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    3 It's just around the corner.
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    10 I'm ready for anything.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

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    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    12 You should do it soon possible.
    7 He died the age 95.
    3 I got it my friend.
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    5 Can you tell me more it?
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    13 I go to see him time time.
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    4 Can I have a glass water?
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • j No, he's an only child.
    • c She had to go to work.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • b We met on the bus.
    • i Usually twice a week.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

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    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    6 That's too much/many money.
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    3 There will be many/much people.
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    17 He should get other/another chance.

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

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    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    9 Please let me know as as possible!
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    8 How much money does he ?
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    14 He it to her happy.
    4 You should your homework now.
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    15 Stop fun of me!
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    1 You are a big mistake!
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    3 She's dinner just now.
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    5 I need to a phone call.
    6 Do you any sports?
    12 Who's going to the shopping?

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

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    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country
    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.

    Exercise 23

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    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow

    Exercise 24

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    2 What do people think?
    3 What will you need?
    6 We will find some place.
    4 What things do you like?
    1 Why do you need car?
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    5 Let's go somewhere .
    8 I'll come time.
    9 Nobody knows that.

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

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    • Přeložte.

    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.