Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    20 It feels great!
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    9 Is this your first time here?
    19 That sounds interesting.
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    10 What time does your plane land?
    12 She never speaks to me.
    16 Shall we sit down?
    2 Take a look at this!
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    13 Let's go shopping!
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    8 We met several times.
    1 What are you watching?
    18 There's no need to worry.

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    3 They're going to arrange it.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    1 I'm watching the news.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    8 She's afraid of flying.
    2 Frank is coming too.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    11 He's got no children.
    12 It's going to take a week.
    10 We got there at seven.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.

    Exercise 3

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    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    10 Am I right?
    6 Will you be there?
    3 Can they help us?
    8 Should I tell her?
    2 Does he know?
    5 Is she coming too?
    7 Do they agree?
    1 Are you hungry?
    4 Have you got any money?
    9 Could he do it for us?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

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    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    6 0.05 seconds
    4 3,500
    5 4.6,000,000
    7 35,785
    11 bus number 102
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    10 in the 1980s
    12 phone number 670098883
    9 in the year 2015
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    2 He was 52nd.
    3 246 people
    8 9,756,004

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

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    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    13 When did you see him? last week
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    7 What did they want? more money
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    6 There's too much water.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    4 You should eat less meat.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    2 She should tell them.
    8 There were more people.
    1 He speaks English.
    9 They could help us.
    10 We'll be able to come.
    3 I'm going to tell him.

    Exercise 7

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    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    3 she, send us, messages
    6 she, sit between us
    5 I, give him, the money
    9 he, not like the food
    2 my parents, know
    10 the car, be, not expensive
    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    8 our dog, not eat that
    1 he, speak about it
    4 we, meet, on the bus

    Exercise 8

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    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look
    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    6 He's coming.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    4 She's making dinner.
    1 She's feeling good.
    3 It's snowing.
    7 She's sleeping late.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    10 I'm drinking beer.
    2 Bob is trying hard.
    5 School is beginning.

    Exercise 10

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    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

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    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    3 Music started to play.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    4 He continued to read.
    7 It should be easy to repair.
    8 It will be hard to solve.
    12 I can remember that he told her.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    2 They love to sing.
    1 He likes to play games.
    5 We love it when we go out.

    Exercise 12

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    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    10 I'm ready for anything.
    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    3 It's just around the corner.
    12 Go down this road.
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    2 You are among friends.
    5 The worst is behind us.
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    9 He sits in front of the TV.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

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    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    13 I go to see him time time.
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    5 Can you tell me more it?
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    7 He died the age 95.
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    3 I got it my friend.
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    4 Can I have a glass water?
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • c She had to go to work.
    • b We met on the bus.
    • j No, he's an only child.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • e No, I won't be able to.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

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    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    16 It'll be many/much better.
    17 He should get other/another chance.
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    6 That's too much/many money.
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    3 There will be many/much people.

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

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    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    9 Please let me know as as possible!
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    1 You are a big mistake!
    3 She's dinner just now.
    14 He it to her happy.
    5 I need to a phone call.
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    15 Stop fun of me!
    4 You should your homework now.
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    8 How much money does he ?
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    6 Do you any sports?

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

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    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .

    Exercise 23

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    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow

    Exercise 24

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  • 515

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    8 I'll come time.
    2 What do people think?
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    4 What things do you like?
    1 Why do you need car?
    6 We will find some place.
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    3 What will you need?
    5 Let's go somewhere .
    9 Nobody knows that.

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

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    • Přeložte.

    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.