Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    8 We met several times.
    18 There's no need to worry.
    19 That sounds interesting.
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    10 What time does your plane land?
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    1 What are you watching?
    12 She never speaks to me.
    16 Shall we sit down?
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    13 Let's go shopping!
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    9 Is this your first time here?
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    20 It feels great!
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    2 Take a look at this!

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    10 We got there at seven.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    12 It's going to take a week.
    8 She's afraid of flying.
    3 They're going to arrange it.
    1 I'm watching the news.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    2 Frank is coming too.
    11 He's got no children.
    6 Only ten people came there.

    Exercise 3

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    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    7 Do they agree?
    4 Have you got any money?
    3 Can they help us?
    5 Is she coming too?
    1 Are you hungry?
    6 Will you be there?
    9 Could he do it for us?
    8 Should I tell her?
    10 Am I right?
    2 Does he know?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

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    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    9 in the year 2015
    10 in the 1980s
    8 9,756,004
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    2 He was 52nd.
    11 bus number 102
    5 4.6,000,000
    7 35,785
    12 phone number 670098883
    3 246 people
    4 3,500
    6 0.05 seconds
    1 on May 1st and 26th

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

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    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    13 When did you see him? last week
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    7 What did they want? more money

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    6 There's too much water.
    10 We'll be able to come.
    9 They could help us.
    4 You should eat less meat.
    3 I'm going to tell him.
    1 He speaks English.
    8 There were more people.
    2 She should tell them.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.

    Exercise 7

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    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    1 he, speak about it
    5 I, give him, the money
    6 she, sit between us
    3 she, send us, messages
    4 we, meet, on the bus
    10 the car, be, not expensive
    8 our dog, not eat that
    9 he, not like the food
    2 my parents, know

    Exercise 8

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    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look
    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better
    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    6 He's coming.
    7 She's sleeping late.
    10 I'm drinking beer.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    4 She's making dinner.
    3 It's snowing.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    5 School is beginning.
    2 Bob is trying hard.
    1 She's feeling good.

    Exercise 10

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    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

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    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    7 It should be easy to repair.
    2 They love to sing.
    1 He likes to play games.
    5 We love it when we go out.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    8 It will be hard to solve.
    12 I can remember that he told her.
    4 He continued to read.
    3 Music started to play.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.

    Exercise 12

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    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    2 You are among friends.
    3 It's just around the corner.
    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    12 Go down this road.
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    5 The worst is behind us.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

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    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    3 I got it my friend.
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    5 Can you tell me more it?
    13 I go to see him time time.
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    7 He died the age 95.
    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    4 Can I have a glass water?
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    1 We'll go car to be there time.

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • b We met on the bus.
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • j No, he's an only child.
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • c She had to go to work.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

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    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    16 It'll be many/much better.
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    17 He should get other/another chance.
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    6 That's too much/many money.
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    3 There will be many/much people.

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

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    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    9 Please let me know as as possible!

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    8 How much money does he ?
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    1 You are a big mistake!
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    6 Do you any sports?
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    4 You should your homework now.
    5 I need to a phone call.
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    15 Stop fun of me!
    14 He it to her happy.
    3 She's dinner just now.

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

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    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.

    Exercise 23

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    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double

    Exercise 24

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    5 Let's go somewhere .
    6 We will find some place.
    2 What do people think?
    3 What will you need?
    8 I'll come time.
    9 Nobody knows that.
    4 What things do you like?
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    1 Why do you need car?

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

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    • Přeložte.

    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.