Exercises

Exercise 1

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  • 477

    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    4 She knew nothing about it.
    20 It feels great!
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    9 Is this your first time here?
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.
    13 Let's go shopping!
    12 She never speaks to me.
    8 We met several times.
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    16 Shall we sit down?
    2 Take a look at this!
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    19 That sounds interesting.
    1 What are you watching?
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    10 What time does your plane land?
    18 There's no need to worry.

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    1 I'm watching the news.
    8 She's afraid of flying.
    3 They're going to arrange it.
    12 It's going to take a week.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    11 He's got no children.
    10 We got there at seven.
    2 Frank is coming too.
    6 Only ten people came there.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.

    Exercise 3

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    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    5 Is she coming too?
    3 Can they help us?
    8 Should I tell her?
    6 Will you be there?
    10 Am I right?
    7 Do they agree?
    2 Does he know?
    4 Have you got any money?
    1 Are you hungry?
    9 Could he do it for us?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

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    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    7 35,785
    10 in the 1980s
    2 He was 52nd.
    8 9,756,004
    5 4.6,000,000
    3 246 people
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    4 3,500
    12 phone number 670098883
    11 bus number 102
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    9 in the year 2015
    6 0.05 seconds

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

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  • 484

    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs
    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    13 When did you see him? last week
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    7 What did they want? more money
    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    8 There were more people.
    6 There's too much water.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    3 I'm going to tell him.
    9 They could help us.
    4 You should eat less meat.
    2 She should tell them.
    1 He speaks English.
    10 We'll be able to come.

    Exercise 7

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    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    3 she, send us, messages
    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    8 our dog, not eat that
    6 she, sit between us
    1 he, speak about it
    5 I, give him, the money
    4 we, meet, on the bus
    10 the car, be, not expensive
    9 he, not like the food
    2 my parents, know

    Exercise 8

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    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    2 Bob is trying hard.
    10 I'm drinking beer.
    6 He's coming.
    4 She's making dinner.
    1 She's feeling good.
    5 School is beginning.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    3 It's snowing.
    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    7 She's sleeping late.

    Exercise 10

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    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

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    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    12 I can remember that he told her.
    8 It will be hard to solve.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    2 They love to sing.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.
    5 We love it when we go out.
    7 It should be easy to repair.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    4 He continued to read.
    1 He likes to play games.
    3 Music started to play.

    Exercise 12

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  • 493

    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    2 You are among friends.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    12 Go down this road.
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    3 It's just around the corner.
    5 The worst is behind us.
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

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    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    5 Can you tell me more it?
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    4 Can I have a glass water?
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    7 He died the age 95.
    1 We'll go car to be there time.
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    13 I go to see him time time.
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    3 I got it my friend.

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • b We met on the bus.
    • j No, he's an only child.
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • c She had to go to work.
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

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    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    3 There will be many/much people.
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    6 That's too much/many money.
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    17 He should get other/another chance.
    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    7 There were less/fewer people.

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

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    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    9 Please let me know as as possible!

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    15 Stop fun of me!
    3 She's dinner just now.
    1 You are a big mistake!
    4 You should your homework now.
    6 Do you any sports?
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    14 He it to her happy.
    5 I need to a phone call.
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    8 How much money does he ?

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

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    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay
    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.

    Exercise 23

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    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter
    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands

    Exercise 24

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  • 515

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    8 I'll come time.
    6 We will find some place.
    9 Nobody knows that.
    4 What things do you like?
    5 Let's go somewhere .
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    3 What will you need?
    1 Why do you need car?
    2 What do people think?

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

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    • Přeložte.

    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.