Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte do češtiny.

    1 What are you watching?
    13 Let's go shopping!
    6 It'll be best to take a taxi.
    18 There's no need to worry.
    10 What time does your plane land?
    2 Take a look at this!
    12 She never speaks to me.
    4 She knew nothing about it.
    15 He doesn't care about her.
    19 That sounds interesting.
    14 She keeps talking about it.
    3 Tell him not to buy it.
    8 We met several times.
    11 I'll pick you up at the airport.
    5 He tries hard to be the best.
    20 It feels great!
    7 It was nice meeting you.
    9 Is this your first time here?
    16 Shall we sit down?
    17 I spent an hour looking for it.

    Feel je cítit nebo cítit se, ale lze jej užít i pro popis pocitu, který něco vyvolává. Např. It feels good. - Je to dobrý pocit., It feels cold. - Studí to. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    6 Only ten people came there.
    9 He goes there twice a week.
    3 They're going to arrange it.
    10 We got there at seven.
    5 It costs twenty dollars.
    2 Frank is coming too.
    11 He's got no children.
    8 She's afraid of flying.
    4 We'll meet on Wednesday.
    7 Bob broke his leg last week.
    1 I'm watching the news.
    12 It's going to take a week.

    Exercise 3

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  • 480

    • Odpovězte celou větou kladně a potom záporně.

    1 Are you hungry?
    8 Should I tell her?
    5 Is she coming too?
    7 Do they agree?
    2 Does he know?
    4 Have you got any money?
    6 Will you be there?
    3 Can they help us?
    10 Am I right?
    9 Could he do it for us?

    Right znamená správný či správně, ale lze ho užít i v ujišťovacích dotazech. Např. Is that right? - Je to tak? či pouze Right? - Že (ano)?

    Exercise 4

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    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    2 He was 52nd.
    6 0.05 seconds
    13 Charles II and Henry VIII
    5 4.6,000,000
    11 bus number 102
    8 9,756,004
    7 35,785
    9 in the year 2015
    4 3,500
    3 246 people
    12 phone number 670098883
    1 on May 1st and 26th
    10 in the 1980s

    V psané angličtině (v novinách ap.) můžete často u částek a hodnot narazit na zkratky K či k pro tisíc (z anglického kilo) a M či m pro milion (million). Např.: They spent $2.5M. - “Utratili 2,5 milionu dolarů.”, It cost $15k. - “Stálo to 15 tisíc dolarů.” Podobně se užívá i zkratka B či bn pro miliardy (billion).

    Exercise 5

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    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy.

    5 How much did it cost? 2000 dollars
    4 What are we going to do? ask them for help
    7 What did they want? more money
    3 When did she come back? at 2 a.m.
    12 What did she tell you? nothing
    1 How often does he exercise? 3x a week
    10 Did you have a good time? great time
    9 What did you drink? only tea
    14 Did you travel by bus? no, hire a car
    13 When did you see him? last week
    11 Were there any problems? lots of
    8 Did he cause any problems? no problems
    6 When is she coming back? on Friday
    2 How many dogs does she have? 2 dogs

    Sloveso hire lze v britské angličtině užít i pro člověka i věc. V americké angličtině se ale hire užívá jen o pracovnících. Pro pronájem věcí (půjčování za peníze) se v USA užívá rent. Např.: We rented a car. - Půjčili jsme si auto. ap.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte věty opačného významu.

    7 She's got a lot of friends.
    3 I'm going to tell him.
    1 He speaks English.
    10 We'll be able to come.
    9 They could help us.
    6 There's too much water.
    8 There were more people.
    2 She should tell them.
    5 She doesn't like travelling.
    4 You should eat less meat.

    Exercise 7

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    • Utvořte věty oznamovací v čase přítomném, budoucím a minulém prostém.

    2 my parents, know
    8 our dog, not eat that
    4 we, meet, on the bus
    10 the car, be, not expensive
    7 we, spend weekends abroad
    3 she, send us, messages
    6 she, sit between us
    5 I, give him, the money
    1 he, speak about it
    9 he, not like the food

    Exercise 8

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  • 488

    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    10 To je (ale) škoda!
    pity
    9 Hezky to voní.
    smell
    3 Ať mi zavolá! (on)
    let, call
    2 Pojďme ke mně (domů)!
    my place
    7 To bude mnohem lepší.
    better
    4 Vypadá to zajímavě.
    look
    5 Neříkej mu o tom!
    tell
    8 Nehádejme se!
    let, argue
    1 To zní dobře!
    sound
    6 Požádej ji, ať přijde.
    ask, come

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty do času přítomného prostého a minulého prostého.

    9 He's bringing her flowers.
    4 She's making dinner.
    2 Bob is trying hard.
    6 He's coming.
    8 I'm writing some e-mails.
    1 She's feeling good.
    7 She's sleeping late.
    5 School is beginning.
    10 I'm drinking beer.
    3 It's snowing.

    Exercise 10

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    • Doplňte 2. či 3. stupeň přídavných jmen.

    6 It's such a bad film! I think it's the film of all.
    3 He may be fast, but he isn't the in the world.
    7 Jane is so beautiful. She's the girl that I know.
    4 That house is expensive, but this house is much .
    1 He's tall but he isn't the boy in the family.
    8 It's very dangerous. You should be careful.
    5 My idea was bad but his idea is even .
    9 He tried so hard. He really did his .
    2 My dog is big, but his dog is even .
    10 You didn't try enough. You must try next time.
    12 There were only 9 people last time, but today there are even .
    11 He's good at tennis, but I am much .

    Pozor na předložku: be good at ... - být dobrý v... Např.: He's good at it. - Jde mu to., Je v tom dobrý., I'm really bad at that. - To mi vůbec nejde. Slovo even se užívá ke zdůraznění jako české ještě nebo dokonce či v záporu jako ani. Např. He didn't even say goodbye. - Ani se nerozloučil. ap.

    Exercise 11

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    • Použijte gerundium k vytvoření věty obdobného významu.

    7 It should be easy to repair.
    9 I dislike it when I have to wait.
    8 It will be hard to solve.
    5 We love it when we go out.
    11 She works hard and she enjoys it.
    2 They love to sing.
    10 I hate it when people lie to me.
    4 He continued to read.
    12 I can remember that he told her.
    3 Music started to play.
    1 He likes to play games.
    6 He hates it when he gets up early.

    Exercise 12

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    • Přeložte. Soustřeďte se na předložky.

    9 He sits in front of the TV.
    3 It's just around the corner.
    6 I'll wait outside the shop.
    13 We are open from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.
    8 He lives in the flat above me.
    11 You can't take it on the plane.
    12 Go down this road.
    5 The worst is behind us.
    10 I'm ready for anything.
    7 What else do you like besides watching TV?
    2 You are among friends.
    1 She left for work an hour ago.
    4 people aged between 30 and 50
    14 Someone's knocking at the door.

    Zaklepat na něco je anglicky to knock on, např. He knocked on the door., ale pokud někdo stojí u dveří a klepe, užije se běžně i at the door. Ustálené spojení to answer the door pak znamená: (jít) otevřít (někomu, kdo klepe či zvoní).

    Exercise 13

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    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    12 I'll make a reservation in/at/to the Marriott Hotel.
    1 We'll meet at half to/after/past seven in/at/to my place.
    13 Meet me on/to/at the airport in/at/on eight o'clock.
    2 It's (a) quarter to/at/from six.
    10 We were at/in/on the seaside not on/in/at the mountains.
    9 My birthday is at/on/in 3rd March.
    5 She asked me to/at/for it and I gave it for/to/at her.
    6 We often meet at/on/inside the bus or in/on/at the bus stop.
    8 Walk over/through/by the bridge and then turn left.
    7 She's afraid to/of/about flying.
    4 There are lots of people at/in/about the streets.
    3 It's freezing outside. The temperature is under/below/behind zero.
    11 What are you doing in/at/on Friday?

    Rozkaz: Meet me ... lze česky přeložit jako Sejdeme se ... (tam a tam).

    Exercise 14

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu nejvhodnější předložky či spojky.

    4 Can I have a glass water?
    7 He died the age 95.
    12 You should do it soon possible.
    9 It will cost more two thousand dollars.
    13 I go to see him time time.
    10 I'm going to stay three days.
    5 Can you tell me more it?
    14 He speaks about it every occasion.
    6 She looks happier yesterday. She was very sad.
    3 I got it my friend.
    2 I met her the bus my way to work.
    11 Hurry up! Our bus leaves ten minutes.
    8 There were thousands people in the streets.
    1 We'll go car to be there time.

    Užitečné předložkové spojení: without somebody's knowing - bez něčího vědomí. Např.: He did it without my knowing. - Udělal to bez mého vědomí.

    Exercise 15

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Why did Jane leave?
    • 2 Can we go now?
    • 3 Did you tell anybody?
    • 4 Did you speak to Bob?
    • 5 Where did you meet?
    • 6 How often do you go there?
    • 7 Will you come to the party?
    • 8 Did you go on holiday?
    • 9 Does he have any siblings?
    • 10 How much did it cost?
    • i Usually twice a week.
    • f No, we'll have to wait.
    • d Yes, we went on a road trip.
    • a No, I told nobody.
    • b We met on the bus.
    • j No, he's an only child.
    • h It wasn't very expensive.
    • g Yes, I spoke to him last week.
    • e No, I won't be able to.
    • c She had to go to work.

    Road trip rəʊdtrɪp je delší cesta pro zábavu podniknutá po silnici (hl. autem). Např.: We went on a road trip around the US. - Objeli jsme autem USA.

    Exercise 16

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    • Vyberte správné slovo.

    5 There wasn't very/much time.
    10 How many/much water do you drink every day?
    17 He should get other/another chance.
    19 How many/much beers did you have?
    7 There were less/fewer people.
    8 I have only little/a few friends.
    9 It should take only little/few time.
    12 I speak very little/few English.
    2 I don't eat many/much meat.
    13 He made much/many mistakes.
    18 Are there any other/another ideas?
    1 How many/much will it cost?
    14 There was few/little rain last year.
    4 I tried it many/much times.
    15 He causes too many/much trouble.
    6 That's too much/many money.
    16 It'll be many/much better.
    3 There will be many/much people.
    11 There are little/few cars in the streets.

    Látková podstatná jména jako tea, coffee, beer ap., jsou sice obecně nepočitatelná, ale pokud hovoříme o konkrétních porcích, druzích ap., jde již o slovo počitatelné. Takže např. You drink too much coffee., ale I had too many coffees., podobně I drank too much beer., ale How many beers did you have? ap.

    Exercise 17

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    • Přeložte pomocí účelového infinitivu.

    6 Potřebuji, abys mi pomohl. need you, help
    13 Prosila mě, abych jí dal další šanci. ask, give, chance
    11 Zavolám bratrovi, aby mě odvezl na letiště. call, take, to the airport
    1 Požádej ho, aby mi to poslal. ask, send
    12 Beru si taxi, abych nepřišel pozdě. take, taxi, be late
    9 Učím se anglicky, abych rozuměl cizincům. learn, understand, foreigner
    5 Jsem tady, abych si s ní promluvil. speak to
    7 Řekni jim, aby na nás nečekali. tell, wait
    10 Musíme si pospíšit, abychom tam byli včas. hurry, in time
    8 Chci, abys to udělal hned. want you, do, right now
    4 Abys měl peníze, musíš pracovat. work, have money
    2 Řekni jí, ať počká. tell, wait
    3 Volám, abych ti řekl... call, tell

    By chance znamená náhodou. They met by chance. - Potkali se náhodou.

    Exercise 18

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    11 If you don't have a phone, you can use my/me/mine.
    12 If it's expensive/broken/lost, someone should repair it.
    10 If you're tired, you should have a look/rest/pity.
    8 It's early. If you call him now, you'll spend/wake/keep him.
    5 How can he know that if somebody/nobody/everybody told him?
    3 If he's so smart, why isn't he tall/rich/broken?
    1 If you eat too much, you will be smart/fat/rich.
    9 If you drink 5 beers, you'll be tall/drunk/broken.
    4 If it is hot/cold/late, I will wear a coat.
    7 If you don't know what to do, ask everybody/somebody/nobody.
    2 If you aren't sure, you had/should/shall ask somebody.
    6 She'll like you more if you leave/quit/let smoking.
    13 Don't open the door unless you feel/know/smell the person behind it.

    Nezaměňujte užití slov feel (cítit - dotykem, mít pocit) a smell (cítit - čichem)! Např.: Can you smell it? - “Cítíš to?”. Sloveso smell of ... je v angličtině neutrální - být cítit (čím). Např. It smells of petrol. - “Je to cítit po benzínu.” Spojení smell good/nice je vonět a smell bad páchnout, smrdět. Někdy má ale již samotné smell negativní kontext. Např.: Your feet smell! - “Smrdí ti nohy!”, His breath smells. - “Páchne mu z úst.” ap.

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova: soon, early, late, later, in time

    4 I have no time now. I'll look at it .
    2 Last time he was late and today he's . He's never on time.
    6 I hate people being late, so be there .
    5 He'll call me in an hour, so we should know .
    10 We agreed to meet at 6 and it's 6:20. You are again!
    9 Please let me know as as possible!
    1 He just left for a minute. He should be back .
    3 I'm leaving home now. I'll be there .
    8 She lived there in the 1990s. It was around 1992.
    7 He went to bed late. Don't wake him too .

    Agree with ... je souhlasit s..., ale: agree on ... znamená dohodnout se na... (čem). Lze užít též vazbu agree to (do) ... Zvolání Agreed! əˈgriːd je česky Platí!, Domluveno! či Souhlas!

    Exercise 20

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu tvary slovesa do nebo make.

    6 Do you any sports?
    15 Stop fun of me!
    1 You are a big mistake!
    5 I need to a phone call.
    11 I only have 10 dollars. Will it ? - No, it costs 15 dollars.
    7 It doesn't sense. I get it.
    3 She's dinner just now.
    4 You should your homework now.
    8 How much money does he ?
    12 Who's going to the shopping?
    9 Can you a reservation for me? I'll my best.
    10 Please sure that you have enough money.
    2 What are you here? Are you waiting for someone?
    14 He it to her happy.
    13 We're late but we can still it in time.

    Všimněte si, jak se anglické sloveso do pojí s podstatnými jmény končícími na -ing (často gerundiem). Vzniká tak mnoho užitečných obratů jako např. do the washing up - umýt nádobí, do the cleaning - uklidit, Let me do the talking. - Nech mluvit mě., I did a lot of thinking. - Hodně jsem přemýšlel. ap.

    Exercise 21

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    • Řekněte anglicky za pomoci gerundia. Použijte nápovědy.

    8 Mrzí mě, že jsem to řekl. be sorry for, say that
    2 Raději cestuji vlakem. prefer, travel by train
    4 Zkoušej to dál! keep, try
    5 Ona mi pořád volá. keep, call, all the time
    3 Je to lepší než sedět doma. sit at home
    1 Díváš se rád na televizi? watch TV
    6 Kdy to dopíšeš? finish, write
    9 Nezmínil se, že pojede do Londýna. mention, go to London
    10 Stýská se mi po životě na venkově. miss, live in the country
    7 Umíš si představit, že bys tady zůstal? imagine, stay

    Slovesem miss lze překládat české chybět, ale pozor na obrácení podmětu a předmětu (jako u českého slovesa postrádat)! Např.: I miss you. - Chybíš mi. (Postrádám tě.), He misses his friends. - Chybí mu jeho přátelé., I'm missing one book. - Chybí mi jedna knížka. Podstatné jméno Miss je česky slečna (před jménem).

    Exercise 22

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    11 He promised to help me but he me down.
    1 What do you usually go to bed? – At about 11 p.m.
    10 Is he single? No, he has a wife. They married last year.
    5 I usually up at seven a.m. but today I slept long.
    6 What time will you be back? – I'll you know.
    8 Did you talk to him? Yes, he was here 5 minutes .
    13 Sorry, he isn't here the moment. Can I a message?
    2 I wanted to buy it but I was out money.
    9 He has no siblings. He's an child.
    12 There's no hurry. We have a of time.
    3 Will you me up at the airport? – Don't worry, I'll be there.
    4 It's my first in London. I'm staying my friend's place.
    7 I can't hear you well. Can you speak please?

    Exercise 23

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  • 514

    • Vyberte správné slovo podle výkladu.

    4 The son of a man's daughter is his: grandpa/grandparent/grandson
    8 A child with no parents is: a widow/an orphan/a sibling
    9 If a woman's husband dies, she is: divorced/an orphan/a widow
    7 A person with no siblings is: an only child/a widow/a learner
    10 If two people were married but they aren't married now, they are: husbands/widowed/divorced
    3 If children are brothers or sisters, the are siblings/relatives/married
    2 The mother of your father is your: grandfather/grandmother/daughter
    5 A husband and his wife are: married/widowed/single
    1 Your mother and father are your: siblings/parents/husbands
    6 A man who is not married is: free/single/double

    Exercise 24

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  • 515

    • Doplňte podle kontextu slova other, another nebo else.

    1 Why do you need car?
    7 Is there anything I can do for you?
    4 What things do you like?
    10 George is just New Yorker visiting London.
    6 We will find some place.
    3 What will you need?
    9 Nobody knows that.
    5 Let's go somewhere .
    8 I'll come time.
    2 What do people think?

    Koncovka -er se užívá i pro tvoření názvů obyvatel města či místa. Např.: Londoner ˈlʌndənə (Londýňan), New Yorker njuː jɔːkə (Newyorčan), village (vesnice) - villager ˈvɪlɪdʒə (vesničan), island (ostrov) - islander ˈaɪləndə (ostrovan) ap. Nelze ji takto však užít vždy! Např. Pařížan je Parisian pəˈrɪzɪən, Říman je Roman ˈrəʊmən ap.

    Exercise 25

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    • Přeložte.

    5 Měl jsem moc práce.
    16 Strávili jsme týden u moře.
    19 Nebudu moci přijít.
    14 On o tom nesmí vědět.
    3 Jezdí do práce autem.
    6 Jdeš s námi?
    8 Kdo ti to řekl?
    9 Vypadá to dobře.
    4 Proč jsi mi to neposlal?
    12 Jdu nakupovat.
    20 Prohlédli jsme si památky.
    18 Nemohl jsem to najít.
    1 Kde jsi včera byl?
    13 John tam chodí každý den.
    10 Kolik to stojí?
    15 Přijdu o půl 6.
    11 Nepotřebuji to.
    2 Mohl byste mi pomoct?
    17 Museli jsme čekat.
    7 Měl bys jí zavolat.

    Sightseeing je složeno ze sights (památky, pamětihodnosti) a seeing (vidění, dívání se), tedy dívání se na památky. Places to visit jsou místa, která stojí za to navštívit.