Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    18 I've known him for years.
    5 I've never been there.
    7 Nobody has heard about it.
    12 I've spoken with him.
    13 Have you decided yet?
    11 Have you eaten?
    16 I haven't bought it yet.
    17 What's happened?
    6 Have we met before?
    9 We haven't met for months.
    3 She hasn't come yet.
    8 I've just read it.
    2 Have you seen it?
    14 I've changed my mind.
    10 They haven't arrived yet.
    1 Where have you been?
    15 He hasn't brought it yet.
    4 Have you been here before?

    Naučte se obrat I haven't seen you in ages! nebo I haven't seen you for ages! Odpovídá českému “Už jsem tě strašně dlouho neviděl.” ap. Obdobně lze užít obrat I haven't heard from him for ages. - “Už se mi neozval, ani nepamatuji.” ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Napište věty, které uslyšíte a infinitivy sloves užitých v předpřítomném čase.

    10
    7
    8
    2
    5
    9
    6
    1
    4
    3

    Exercise 3

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    • Doplňte vhodný tvar uvedeného slovesa podle času.

    7 We've never be there.
    1 He's break his leg.
    3 She hasn't come yet.
    5 They've leave already.
    4 I have see that film.
    10 I've buy some apples.
    9 Have you send the e-mail?
    8 I've tell him about it.
    2 I haven't speak to him for weeks.
    6 I've hear about it.

    Exercise 4

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    • Spojte položky e-mailu s jejich překlady.

    • 1 Recipient
    • 2 Dear Sir/Madam
    • 3 Subject
    • 4 Find attached
    • 5 Please let me know asap.
    • 6 Please confirm receipt
    • 7 Looking forward to your reply
    • 8 Yours faithfully
    • g Dejte mi prosím vědět co nejdříve.
    • a V příloze najdete
    • c Vážená paní / Vážený pane
    • b Prosím potvrďte přijetí
    • e S pozdravem
    • d Příjemce
    • h Předmět
    • f Těším se na Vaši odpověď

    Při oslovování skupiny osob (organizace, firmy) lze užít: Dear Sirs - “Vážení” ap. Pokud si nejste jisti, zda je adresát muž nebo žena, lze užít: Sir/Madam. Ale pozor! Zvolání: Oh dear! znamená údiv: Ježíši! nebo Pane Bože! ap.

    Exercise 5

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    • Rozepište stažené tvary na plné. Soustřeďte se na užití be a have.

    10 He's had three beers.
    6 She's still there.
    3 Who's done it?
    8 There's a problem.
    4 Who's there?
    1 What's new?
    7 I've told him.
    9 There's been a lot of time.
    12 How's it going?
    2 What's happened?
    5 She's been there before.
    11 He's coming too.

    Exercise 6

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  • 602

    • Doplňte správné tvary do či make.

    1 Have you the cleaning?
    12 You've a mess of it!
    14 He's great progress.
    11 What sports do you ?
    7 How much money did she ?
    5 I'm my best.
    2 We have no mistakes.
    10 It no sense.
    3 I the shopping yesterday.
    9 I have only 10 dollars. Will it ?
    6 Have you your homework?
    4 I've some tea.
    13 We can without them.
    8 They've a lot of damage.
    15 I need to a phone call.

    Exercise 7

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    • Vyberte vhodné části frázových sloves.

    3 We will get in/back/for to that later.
    1 She has three kids. She must look at/after/forward them.
    2 He's very angry. He should calm up/down/in.
    4 I'm looking for/after/forward to seeing you.
    10 Don't give up! Keep off/on/out trying.
    8 I'll give you a ride. Get in/on/at the car!
    6 I don't know, but I will find after/in/out.
    9 We have to check on/for/in at the hotel first.
    7 I don't smoke. I've let/taken/given up smoking.
    5 Can you pick me out/up/for at the airport?

    Exercise 8

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Would you like a sandwich?
    • 2 Is this your first time here?
    • 3 Have you spoken with him?
    • 4 Why isn't she coming?
    • 5 Do we have milk?
    • 6 Have you informed them?
    • 7 Why are you taking a taxi?
    • 8 Do you know this film?
    • c Our car has broken down.
    • e No, thanks. I've eaten.
    • f She's changed her mind.
    • h I've sent them an e-mail.
    • d Yes, I've seen it twice.
    • g No, I've been here before.
    • a Yes, he called an hour ago.
    • b Yes, I've bought some.

    Slovo before je v angličtině nejen předložka (před), ale také příslovce znamenající (už) předtím, (už) dříve. Vyskytuje se typicky na konci věty a často se pojí s předpřítomným či předminulým časem. Např.: I have never been here before. - “Ještě jsem tady nikdy nebyl.”, It's happened before. - Už k tomu dříve došlo. ap.

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnou předložku.

    10 whom it may concern
    4 She's gone out lunch.
    2 I haven't heard from him weeks.
    1 She was tired. She's gone bed.
    8 I need to log , but I don't know the password.
    9 Stop doing it! I'm tired it.
    5 Send it this address.
    6 I don't smoke. I've given smoking.
    3 He hasn't replied my e-mail.
    7 Please confirm receipt this message.

    Exercise 10

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    • Utvořte ze slov věty v předpřítomném čase.

    2
    my parents, not arrive yet
    4
    I, make, dinner
    8
    why, you, come here?
    3
    I, cut, myself
    7
    he, not, find it
    1
    she, break, her arm
    6
    you, do, the dishes?
    5
    they, not, send it
    9
    she, speak, with him

    Exercise 11

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu čas minulý prostý nebo předpřítomný.

    3 She lose her key, but she find it already.
    2 We meet a month ago, but I not speak with him since then.
    8 you watch the film last night? No, I not see it yet.
    7 I send 10 e-mails today, but I not send any yesterday.
    6 She know about it, but she not go there yesterday.
    10 He not eat his breakfast this morning. He not eat for almost two days.
    11 She promise to call, but she not call yet.
    9 They spend the last week at the seaside, but I go to the mountains.
    5 I write to him a week ago, but he not reply yet.
    4 I not see John last week.
    1 I was tired. I go to bed early.

    Čas minulý prostý (past simple) je vymezen konkrétním časem nebo časovým úsekem v minulosti bez souvislosti s přítomností, zatímco čas předpřítomný (present perfect) svým dějem nějak zasahuje z minulosti do přítomnosti, nebo říká, že daný časový úsek, v němž něco nastalo nebo může nastat, ještě není ukončený.

    Exercise 12

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  • 610

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo. Soustřeďte se na užité fráze.

    1 The radio is disturbing/interesting/cancelling me. Can you turn it off?
    5 He hasn't made any promise/progress/problems. His English is still bad.
    7 We're going nowhere. I've refused/joined/cancelled our reservation.
    8 We'll do it ourselves. We can do with/without/after their help.
    9 Did he get your message? – I don't know. He hasn't confirmed/cancelled/switched receipt yet.
    6 They haven't checked off/checked out/logged out of the hotel yet.
    2 The computer won't start. I think it's broken down/taken out/checked out.
    3 I don't understand it. It doesn't give/do/make sense.
    4 She's arrived at the airport. I must get/pick/check her up.

    Do you get the joke? - Rozumíte vtipu?: Mother: Doctor, my son has eaten my pen! What can I do? ... Doctor: Use a pencil!

    Exercise 13

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    • Doplňte vhodné frázové sloveso.

    9 I'll be right with you. on a minute!
    1 I missed my stop. I forgot to off the bus.
    6 I can't hear the radio. Can you it up?
    8 I can't read it. I must on my glasses.
    5 Keep trying! Don't up. You can do it.
    2 The computer is still on. He's forgotten to it off.
    7 I'm hot. I need to off my jacket.
    3 I didn't tell her, but she knows! How did she out?
    4 He can't wait for you to come. He's to seeing you.

    Zapamatujte si užitečný obrat I'll be right with you. - “Hned jsem u vás.”

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte pomocí času předpřítomného. Využijte nápovědu.

    1 Nikdy v Londýně nebyl. to
    5 Zlomil si ruku. arm
    9 Už jste se někdy setkali? meet
    10 Už jste jedli? eat
    3 Už jsi to četl? read, yet
    7 Jak dlouho už tu jsi? how long
    6 Znám ho už 5 let. for 5 years
    4 Ještě jsem to neviděl. not, yet
    8 Už je to dlouho. long time
    2 Už odešla. leave

    Exercise 15

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    • Doplňte since, for, yet nebo already.

    8 Are you leaving ? - Yes I have to go.
    5 They haven't arrived .
    6 She's worked here five years.
    4 We've lived here last year.
    7 Are you ready? - Not .
    2 Have you cleaned ?
    3 I've done that .
    1 I've been here two hours.

    Exercise 16

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    • Řekněte anglicky.

    1 Už jsem jedl.
    10 Nikdy jsem tam nebyl.
    9 Už odcházíte?
    3 Ještě to neposlal.
    11 Ještě to nenašel.
    5 Znám ho už roky.
    2 Nic se nezměnilo. (zatím)
    8 Bydlíme tady od roku 1990.
    6 Ještě jsem neskončil.
    12 Už? – Ještě ne!
    7 Jak dlouho už tam pracuješ?
    4 Už jsi jí to řekl?

    Stejný význam jako frázová slovesa turn on (zapnout) a turn off (vypnout) mají v angličtině switch on a switch off. Všimněte si, že se v nich vyskytují stejné předložky (částice). Samotné ON znamená zapnutý a OFF je vypnutý.