Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    3 She hasn't come yet.
    5 I've never been there.
    18 I've known him for years.
    13 Have you decided yet?
    17 What's happened?
    8 I've just read it.
    16 I haven't bought it yet.
    9 We haven't met for months.
    7 Nobody has heard about it.
    12 I've spoken with him.
    2 Have you seen it?
    11 Have you eaten?
    14 I've changed my mind.
    1 Where have you been?
    4 Have you been here before?
    15 He hasn't brought it yet.
    6 Have we met before?
    10 They haven't arrived yet.

    Naučte se obrat I haven't seen you in ages! nebo I haven't seen you for ages! Odpovídá českému “Už jsem tě strašně dlouho neviděl.” ap. Obdobně lze užít obrat I haven't heard from him for ages. - “Už se mi neozval, ani nepamatuji.” ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Napište věty, které uslyšíte a infinitivy sloves užitých v předpřítomném čase.

    5
    4
    8
    3
    6
    2
    10
    1
    9
    7

    Exercise 3

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    • Doplňte vhodný tvar uvedeného slovesa podle času.

    9 Have you send the e-mail?
    5 They've leave already.
    3 She hasn't come yet.
    6 I've hear about it.
    8 I've tell him about it.
    1 He's break his leg.
    4 I have see that film.
    10 I've buy some apples.
    7 We've never be there.
    2 I haven't speak to him for weeks.

    Exercise 4

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    • Spojte položky e-mailu s jejich překlady.

    • 1 Recipient
    • 2 Dear Sir/Madam
    • 3 Subject
    • 4 Find attached
    • 5 Please let me know asap.
    • 6 Please confirm receipt
    • 7 Looking forward to your reply
    • 8 Yours faithfully
    • c Vážená paní / Vážený pane
    • b Prosím potvrďte přijetí
    • h Předmět
    • d Příjemce
    • g Dejte mi prosím vědět co nejdříve.
    • e S pozdravem
    • a V příloze najdete
    • f Těším se na Vaši odpověď

    Při oslovování skupiny osob (organizace, firmy) lze užít: Dear Sirs - “Vážení” ap. Pokud si nejste jisti, zda je adresát muž nebo žena, lze užít: Sir/Madam. Ale pozor! Zvolání: Oh dear! znamená údiv: Ježíši! nebo Pane Bože! ap.

    Exercise 5

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    • Rozepište stažené tvary na plné. Soustřeďte se na užití be a have.

    5 She's been there before.
    3 Who's done it?
    1 What's new?
    12 How's it going?
    7 I've told him.
    8 There's a problem.
    10 He's had three beers.
    4 Who's there?
    11 He's coming too.
    2 What's happened?
    6 She's still there.
    9 There's been a lot of time.

    Exercise 6

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  • 602

    • Doplňte správné tvary do či make.

    7 How much money did she ?
    1 Have you the cleaning?
    9 I have only 10 dollars. Will it ?
    3 I the shopping yesterday.
    4 I've some tea.
    2 We have no mistakes.
    6 Have you your homework?
    10 It no sense.
    5 I'm my best.
    15 I need to a phone call.
    13 We can without them.
    8 They've a lot of damage.
    12 You've a mess of it!
    11 What sports do you ?
    14 He's great progress.

    Exercise 7

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    • Vyberte vhodné části frázových sloves.

    5 Can you pick me out/up/for at the airport?
    4 I'm looking for/after/forward to seeing you.
    3 We will get in/back/for to that later.
    9 We have to check on/for/in at the hotel first.
    7 I don't smoke. I've let/taken/given up smoking.
    2 He's very angry. He should calm up/down/in.
    1 She has three kids. She must look at/after/forward them.
    8 I'll give you a ride. Get in/on/at the car!
    10 Don't give up! Keep off/on/out trying.
    6 I don't know, but I will find after/in/out.

    Exercise 8

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Would you like a sandwich?
    • 2 Is this your first time here?
    • 3 Have you spoken with him?
    • 4 Why isn't she coming?
    • 5 Do we have milk?
    • 6 Have you informed them?
    • 7 Why are you taking a taxi?
    • 8 Do you know this film?
    • b Yes, I've bought some.
    • f She's changed her mind.
    • h I've sent them an e-mail.
    • g No, I've been here before.
    • e No, thanks. I've eaten.
    • c Our car has broken down.
    • d Yes, I've seen it twice.
    • a Yes, he called an hour ago.

    Slovo before je v angličtině nejen předložka (před), ale také příslovce znamenající (už) předtím, (už) dříve. Vyskytuje se typicky na konci věty a často se pojí s předpřítomným či předminulým časem. Např.: I have never been here before. - “Ještě jsem tady nikdy nebyl.”, It's happened before. - Už k tomu dříve došlo. ap.

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnou předložku.

    6 I don't smoke. I've given smoking.
    2 I haven't heard from him weeks.
    3 He hasn't replied my e-mail.
    4 She's gone out lunch.
    10 whom it may concern
    1 She was tired. She's gone bed.
    8 I need to log , but I don't know the password.
    7 Please confirm receipt this message.
    5 Send it this address.
    9 Stop doing it! I'm tired it.

    Exercise 10

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    • Utvořte ze slov věty v předpřítomném čase.

    4
    I, make, dinner
    7
    he, not, find it
    6
    you, do, the dishes?
    2
    my parents, not arrive yet
    3
    I, cut, myself
    1
    she, break, her arm
    8
    why, you, come here?
    9
    she, speak, with him
    5
    they, not, send it

    Exercise 11

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu čas minulý prostý nebo předpřítomný.

    7 I send 10 e-mails today, but I not send any yesterday.
    8 you watch the film last night? No, I not see it yet.
    3 She lose her key, but she find it already.
    2 We meet a month ago, but I not speak with him since then.
    1 I was tired. I go to bed early.
    9 They spend the last week at the seaside, but I go to the mountains.
    6 She know about it, but she not go there yesterday.
    4 I not see John last week.
    5 I write to him a week ago, but he not reply yet.
    11 She promise to call, but she not call yet.
    10 He not eat his breakfast this morning. He not eat for almost two days.

    Čas minulý prostý (past simple) je vymezen konkrétním časem nebo časovým úsekem v minulosti bez souvislosti s přítomností, zatímco čas předpřítomný (present perfect) svým dějem nějak zasahuje z minulosti do přítomnosti, nebo říká, že daný časový úsek, v němž něco nastalo nebo může nastat, ještě není ukončený.

    Exercise 12

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo. Soustřeďte se na užité fráze.

    9 Did he get your message? – I don't know. He hasn't confirmed/cancelled/switched receipt yet.
    5 He hasn't made any promise/progress/problems. His English is still bad.
    6 They haven't checked off/checked out/logged out of the hotel yet.
    8 We'll do it ourselves. We can do with/without/after their help.
    3 I don't understand it. It doesn't give/do/make sense.
    4 She's arrived at the airport. I must get/pick/check her up.
    2 The computer won't start. I think it's broken down/taken out/checked out.
    1 The radio is disturbing/interesting/cancelling me. Can you turn it off?
    7 We're going nowhere. I've refused/joined/cancelled our reservation.

    Do you get the joke? - Rozumíte vtipu?: Mother: Doctor, my son has eaten my pen! What can I do? ... Doctor: Use a pencil!

    Exercise 13

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    • Doplňte vhodné frázové sloveso.

    1 I missed my stop. I forgot to off the bus.
    7 I'm hot. I need to off my jacket.
    2 The computer is still on. He's forgotten to it off.
    3 I didn't tell her, but she knows! How did she out?
    6 I can't hear the radio. Can you it up?
    4 He can't wait for you to come. He's to seeing you.
    5 Keep trying! Don't up. You can do it.
    9 I'll be right with you. on a minute!
    8 I can't read it. I must on my glasses.

    Zapamatujte si užitečný obrat I'll be right with you. - “Hned jsem u vás.”

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte pomocí času předpřítomného. Využijte nápovědu.

    7 Jak dlouho už tu jsi? how long
    10 Už jste jedli? eat
    2 Už odešla. leave
    8 Už je to dlouho. long time
    9 Už jste se někdy setkali? meet
    1 Nikdy v Londýně nebyl. to
    5 Zlomil si ruku. arm
    4 Ještě jsem to neviděl. not, yet
    3 Už jsi to četl? read, yet
    6 Znám ho už 5 let. for 5 years

    Exercise 15

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    • Doplňte since, for, yet nebo already.

    1 I've been here two hours.
    2 Have you cleaned ?
    8 Are you leaving ? - Yes I have to go.
    3 I've done that .
    6 She's worked here five years.
    7 Are you ready? - Not .
    5 They haven't arrived .
    4 We've lived here last year.

    Exercise 16

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    • Řekněte anglicky.

    9 Už odcházíte?
    7 Jak dlouho už tam pracuješ?
    10 Nikdy jsem tam nebyl.
    11 Ještě to nenašel.
    8 Bydlíme tady od roku 1990.
    5 Znám ho už roky.
    4 Už jsi jí to řekl?
    6 Ještě jsem neskončil.
    12 Už? – Ještě ne!
    3 Ještě to neposlal.
    2 Nic se nezměnilo. (zatím)
    1 Už jsem jedl.

    Stejný význam jako frázová slovesa turn on (zapnout) a turn off (vypnout) mají v angličtině switch on a switch off. Všimněte si, že se v nich vyskytují stejné předložky (částice). Samotné ON znamená zapnutý a OFF je vypnutý.