Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    14 I've changed my mind.
    11 Have you eaten?
    5 I've never been there.
    8 I've just read it.
    12 I've spoken with him.
    17 What's happened?
    2 Have you seen it?
    13 Have you decided yet?
    1 Where have you been?
    6 Have we met before?
    9 We haven't met for months.
    3 She hasn't come yet.
    16 I haven't bought it yet.
    18 I've known him for years.
    4 Have you been here before?
    15 He hasn't brought it yet.
    10 They haven't arrived yet.
    7 Nobody has heard about it.

    Naučte se obrat I haven't seen you in ages! nebo I haven't seen you for ages! Odpovídá českému “Už jsem tě strašně dlouho neviděl.” ap. Obdobně lze užít obrat I haven't heard from him for ages. - “Už se mi neozval, ani nepamatuji.” ap.

    Exercise 2

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  • 597

    • Napište věty, které uslyšíte a infinitivy sloves užitých v předpřítomném čase.

    10
    9
    4
    7
    3
    1
    8
    6
    5
    2

    Exercise 3

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  • 598

    • Doplňte vhodný tvar uvedeného slovesa podle času.

    3 She hasn't come yet.
    1 He's break his leg.
    5 They've leave already.
    9 Have you send the e-mail?
    4 I have see that film.
    8 I've tell him about it.
    2 I haven't speak to him for weeks.
    10 I've buy some apples.
    7 We've never be there.
    6 I've hear about it.

    Exercise 4

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  • 599

    • Spojte položky e-mailu s jejich překlady.

    • 1 Recipient
    • 2 Dear Sir/Madam
    • 3 Subject
    • 4 Find attached
    • 5 Please let me know asap.
    • 6 Please confirm receipt
    • 7 Looking forward to your reply
    • 8 Yours faithfully
    • c Vážená paní / Vážený pane
    • f Těším se na Vaši odpověď
    • b Prosím potvrďte přijetí
    • d Příjemce
    • g Dejte mi prosím vědět co nejdříve.
    • h Předmět
    • e S pozdravem
    • a V příloze najdete

    Při oslovování skupiny osob (organizace, firmy) lze užít: Dear Sirs - “Vážení” ap. Pokud si nejste jisti, zda je adresát muž nebo žena, lze užít: Sir/Madam. Ale pozor! Zvolání: Oh dear! znamená údiv: Ježíši! nebo Pane Bože! ap.

    Exercise 5

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  • 601

    • Rozepište stažené tvary na plné. Soustřeďte se na užití be a have.

    3 Who's done it?
    8 There's a problem.
    2 What's happened?
    5 She's been there before.
    11 He's coming too.
    9 There's been a lot of time.
    10 He's had three beers.
    1 What's new?
    12 How's it going?
    6 She's still there.
    4 Who's there?
    7 I've told him.

    Exercise 6

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  • 602

    • Doplňte správné tvary do či make.

    6 Have you your homework?
    13 We can without them.
    2 We have no mistakes.
    14 He's great progress.
    12 You've a mess of it!
    10 It no sense.
    3 I the shopping yesterday.
    15 I need to a phone call.
    1 Have you the cleaning?
    4 I've some tea.
    5 I'm my best.
    8 They've a lot of damage.
    11 What sports do you ?
    9 I have only 10 dollars. Will it ?
    7 How much money did she ?

    Exercise 7

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  • 603

    • Vyberte vhodné části frázových sloves.

    8 I'll give you a ride. Get in/on/at the car!
    1 She has three kids. She must look at/after/forward them.
    3 We will get in/back/for to that later.
    2 He's very angry. He should calm up/down/in.
    9 We have to check on/for/in at the hotel first.
    10 Don't give up! Keep off/on/out trying.
    4 I'm looking for/after/forward to seeing you.
    5 Can you pick me out/up/for at the airport?
    6 I don't know, but I will find after/in/out.
    7 I don't smoke. I've let/taken/given up smoking.

    Exercise 8

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  • 604

    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Would you like a sandwich?
    • 2 Is this your first time here?
    • 3 Have you spoken with him?
    • 4 Why isn't she coming?
    • 5 Do we have milk?
    • 6 Have you informed them?
    • 7 Why are you taking a taxi?
    • 8 Do you know this film?
    • a Yes, he called an hour ago.
    • b Yes, I've bought some.
    • c Our car has broken down.
    • e No, thanks. I've eaten.
    • g No, I've been here before.
    • f She's changed her mind.
    • h I've sent them an e-mail.
    • d Yes, I've seen it twice.

    Slovo before je v angličtině nejen předložka (před), ale také příslovce znamenající (už) předtím, (už) dříve. Vyskytuje se typicky na konci věty a často se pojí s předpřítomným či předminulým časem. Např.: I have never been here before. - “Ještě jsem tady nikdy nebyl.”, It's happened before. - Už k tomu dříve došlo. ap.

    Exercise 9

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  • 606

    • Doplňte správnou předložku.

    7 Please confirm receipt this message.
    8 I need to log , but I don't know the password.
    10 whom it may concern
    4 She's gone out lunch.
    1 She was tired. She's gone bed.
    5 Send it this address.
    6 I don't smoke. I've given smoking.
    9 Stop doing it! I'm tired it.
    2 I haven't heard from him weeks.
    3 He hasn't replied my e-mail.

    Exercise 10

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  • 607

    • Utvořte ze slov věty v předpřítomném čase.

    3
    I, cut, myself
    5
    they, not, send it
    9
    she, speak, with him
    2
    my parents, not arrive yet
    6
    you, do, the dishes?
    4
    I, make, dinner
    7
    he, not, find it
    1
    she, break, her arm
    8
    why, you, come here?

    Exercise 11

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  • 608

    • Doplňte podle kontextu čas minulý prostý nebo předpřítomný.

    6 She know about it, but she not go there yesterday.
    5 I write to him a week ago, but he not reply yet.
    8 you watch the film last night? No, I not see it yet.
    10 He not eat his breakfast this morning. He not eat for almost two days.
    9 They spend the last week at the seaside, but I go to the mountains.
    4 I not see John last week.
    7 I send 10 e-mails today, but I not send any yesterday.
    3 She lose her key, but she find it already.
    11 She promise to call, but she not call yet.
    2 We meet a month ago, but I not speak with him since then.
    1 I was tired. I go to bed early.

    Čas minulý prostý (past simple) je vymezen konkrétním časem nebo časovým úsekem v minulosti bez souvislosti s přítomností, zatímco čas předpřítomný (present perfect) svým dějem nějak zasahuje z minulosti do přítomnosti, nebo říká, že daný časový úsek, v němž něco nastalo nebo může nastat, ještě není ukončený.

    Exercise 12

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  • 610

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo. Soustřeďte se na užité fráze.

    3 I don't understand it. It doesn't give/do/make sense.
    2 The computer won't start. I think it's broken down/taken out/checked out.
    6 They haven't checked off/checked out/logged out of the hotel yet.
    8 We'll do it ourselves. We can do with/without/after their help.
    9 Did he get your message? – I don't know. He hasn't confirmed/cancelled/switched receipt yet.
    4 She's arrived at the airport. I must get/pick/check her up.
    5 He hasn't made any promise/progress/problems. His English is still bad.
    1 The radio is disturbing/interesting/cancelling me. Can you turn it off?
    7 We're going nowhere. I've refused/joined/cancelled our reservation.

    Do you get the joke? - Rozumíte vtipu?: Mother: Doctor, my son has eaten my pen! What can I do? ... Doctor: Use a pencil!

    Exercise 13

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    • Doplňte vhodné frázové sloveso.

    3 I didn't tell her, but she knows! How did she out?
    5 Keep trying! Don't up. You can do it.
    7 I'm hot. I need to off my jacket.
    6 I can't hear the radio. Can you it up?
    4 He can't wait for you to come. He's to seeing you.
    2 The computer is still on. He's forgotten to it off.
    9 I'll be right with you. on a minute!
    1 I missed my stop. I forgot to off the bus.
    8 I can't read it. I must on my glasses.

    Zapamatujte si užitečný obrat I'll be right with you. - “Hned jsem u vás.”

    Exercise 14

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  • 614

    • Přeložte pomocí času předpřítomného. Využijte nápovědu.

    5 Zlomil si ruku. arm
    2 Už odešla. leave
    9 Už jste se někdy setkali? meet
    10 Už jste jedli? eat
    6 Znám ho už 5 let. for 5 years
    1 Nikdy v Londýně nebyl. to
    4 Ještě jsem to neviděl. not, yet
    8 Už je to dlouho. long time
    7 Jak dlouho už tu jsi? how long
    3 Už jsi to četl? read, yet

    Exercise 15

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    • Doplňte since, for, yet nebo already.

    1 I've been here two hours.
    7 Are you ready? - Not .
    8 Are you leaving ? - Yes I have to go.
    2 Have you cleaned ?
    6 She's worked here five years.
    3 I've done that .
    4 We've lived here last year.
    5 They haven't arrived .

    Exercise 16

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  • 616

    • Řekněte anglicky.

    1 Už jsem jedl.
    9 Už odcházíte?
    3 Ještě to neposlal.
    12 Už? – Ještě ne!
    8 Bydlíme tady od roku 1990.
    6 Ještě jsem neskončil.
    10 Nikdy jsem tam nebyl.
    7 Jak dlouho už tam pracuješ?
    2 Nic se nezměnilo. (zatím)
    5 Znám ho už roky.
    4 Už jsi jí to řekl?
    11 Ještě to nenašel.

    Stejný význam jako frázová slovesa turn on (zapnout) a turn off (vypnout) mají v angličtině switch on a switch off. Všimněte si, že se v nich vyskytují stejné předložky (částice). Samotné ON znamená zapnutý a OFF je vypnutý.