Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    8 I've just read it.
    9 We haven't met for months.
    15 He hasn't brought it yet.
    16 I haven't bought it yet.
    5 I've never been there.
    10 They haven't arrived yet.
    12 I've spoken with him.
    18 I've known him for years.
    4 Have you been here before?
    1 Where have you been?
    14 I've changed my mind.
    17 What's happened?
    2 Have you seen it?
    11 Have you eaten?
    3 She hasn't come yet.
    6 Have we met before?
    7 Nobody has heard about it.
    13 Have you decided yet?

    Naučte se obrat I haven't seen you in ages! nebo I haven't seen you for ages! Odpovídá českému “Už jsem tě strašně dlouho neviděl.” ap. Obdobně lze užít obrat I haven't heard from him for ages. - “Už se mi neozval, ani nepamatuji.” ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Napište věty, které uslyšíte a infinitivy sloves užitých v předpřítomném čase.

    9
    6
    3
    1
    4
    5
    2
    10
    8
    7

    Exercise 3

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    • Doplňte vhodný tvar uvedeného slovesa podle času.

    10 I've buy some apples.
    1 He's break his leg.
    8 I've tell him about it.
    3 She hasn't come yet.
    4 I have see that film.
    6 I've hear about it.
    5 They've leave already.
    7 We've never be there.
    2 I haven't speak to him for weeks.
    9 Have you send the e-mail?

    Exercise 4

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    • Spojte položky e-mailu s jejich překlady.

    • 1 Recipient
    • 2 Dear Sir/Madam
    • 3 Subject
    • 4 Find attached
    • 5 Please let me know asap.
    • 6 Please confirm receipt
    • 7 Looking forward to your reply
    • 8 Yours faithfully
    • b Prosím potvrďte přijetí
    • c Vážená paní / Vážený pane
    • a V příloze najdete
    • g Dejte mi prosím vědět co nejdříve.
    • d Příjemce
    • e S pozdravem
    • f Těším se na Vaši odpověď
    • h Předmět

    Při oslovování skupiny osob (organizace, firmy) lze užít: Dear Sirs - “Vážení” ap. Pokud si nejste jisti, zda je adresát muž nebo žena, lze užít: Sir/Madam. Ale pozor! Zvolání: Oh dear! znamená údiv: Ježíši! nebo Pane Bože! ap.

    Exercise 5

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    • Rozepište stažené tvary na plné. Soustřeďte se na užití be a have.

    8 There's a problem.
    11 He's coming too.
    3 Who's done it?
    1 What's new?
    6 She's still there.
    4 Who's there?
    10 He's had three beers.
    5 She's been there before.
    7 I've told him.
    2 What's happened?
    12 How's it going?
    9 There's been a lot of time.

    Exercise 6

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  • 602

    • Doplňte správné tvary do či make.

    1 Have you the cleaning?
    15 I need to a phone call.
    2 We have no mistakes.
    10 It no sense.
    11 What sports do you ?
    4 I've some tea.
    14 He's great progress.
    8 They've a lot of damage.
    9 I have only 10 dollars. Will it ?
    3 I the shopping yesterday.
    13 We can without them.
    7 How much money did she ?
    12 You've a mess of it!
    6 Have you your homework?
    5 I'm my best.

    Exercise 7

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    • Vyberte vhodné části frázových sloves.

    8 I'll give you a ride. Get in/on/at the car!
    7 I don't smoke. I've let/taken/given up smoking.
    4 I'm looking for/after/forward to seeing you.
    2 He's very angry. He should calm up/down/in.
    3 We will get in/back/for to that later.
    10 Don't give up! Keep off/on/out trying.
    6 I don't know, but I will find after/in/out.
    1 She has three kids. She must look at/after/forward them.
    5 Can you pick me out/up/for at the airport?
    9 We have to check on/for/in at the hotel first.

    Exercise 8

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Would you like a sandwich?
    • 2 Is this your first time here?
    • 3 Have you spoken with him?
    • 4 Why isn't she coming?
    • 5 Do we have milk?
    • 6 Have you informed them?
    • 7 Why are you taking a taxi?
    • 8 Do you know this film?
    • h I've sent them an e-mail.
    • c Our car has broken down.
    • d Yes, I've seen it twice.
    • g No, I've been here before.
    • e No, thanks. I've eaten.
    • f She's changed her mind.
    • a Yes, he called an hour ago.
    • b Yes, I've bought some.

    Slovo before je v angličtině nejen předložka (před), ale také příslovce znamenající (už) předtím, (už) dříve. Vyskytuje se typicky na konci věty a často se pojí s předpřítomným či předminulým časem. Např.: I have never been here before. - “Ještě jsem tady nikdy nebyl.”, It's happened before. - Už k tomu dříve došlo. ap.

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnou předložku.

    7 Please confirm receipt this message.
    8 I need to log , but I don't know the password.
    9 Stop doing it! I'm tired it.
    10 whom it may concern
    6 I don't smoke. I've given smoking.
    2 I haven't heard from him weeks.
    4 She's gone out lunch.
    5 Send it this address.
    1 She was tired. She's gone bed.
    3 He hasn't replied my e-mail.

    Exercise 10

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    • Utvořte ze slov věty v předpřítomném čase.

    3
    I, cut, myself
    4
    I, make, dinner
    8
    why, you, come here?
    1
    she, break, her arm
    5
    they, not, send it
    9
    she, speak, with him
    6
    you, do, the dishes?
    7
    he, not, find it
    2
    my parents, not arrive yet

    Exercise 11

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu čas minulý prostý nebo předpřítomný.

    11 She promise to call, but she not call yet.
    10 He not eat his breakfast this morning. He not eat for almost two days.
    5 I write to him a week ago, but he not reply yet.
    8 you watch the film last night? No, I not see it yet.
    9 They spend the last week at the seaside, but I go to the mountains.
    7 I send 10 e-mails today, but I not send any yesterday.
    1 I was tired. I go to bed early.
    2 We meet a month ago, but I not speak with him since then.
    4 I not see John last week.
    6 She know about it, but she not go there yesterday.
    3 She lose her key, but she find it already.

    Čas minulý prostý (past simple) je vymezen konkrétním časem nebo časovým úsekem v minulosti bez souvislosti s přítomností, zatímco čas předpřítomný (present perfect) svým dějem nějak zasahuje z minulosti do přítomnosti, nebo říká, že daný časový úsek, v němž něco nastalo nebo může nastat, ještě není ukončený.

    Exercise 12

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  • 610

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo. Soustřeďte se na užité fráze.

    7 We're going nowhere. I've refused/joined/cancelled our reservation.
    4 She's arrived at the airport. I must get/pick/check her up.
    3 I don't understand it. It doesn't give/do/make sense.
    5 He hasn't made any promise/progress/problems. His English is still bad.
    6 They haven't checked off/checked out/logged out of the hotel yet.
    1 The radio is disturbing/interesting/cancelling me. Can you turn it off?
    2 The computer won't start. I think it's broken down/taken out/checked out.
    9 Did he get your message? – I don't know. He hasn't confirmed/cancelled/switched receipt yet.
    8 We'll do it ourselves. We can do with/without/after their help.

    Do you get the joke? - Rozumíte vtipu?: Mother: Doctor, my son has eaten my pen! What can I do? ... Doctor: Use a pencil!

    Exercise 13

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    • Doplňte vhodné frázové sloveso.

    4 He can't wait for you to come. He's to seeing you.
    6 I can't hear the radio. Can you it up?
    3 I didn't tell her, but she knows! How did she out?
    8 I can't read it. I must on my glasses.
    2 The computer is still on. He's forgotten to it off.
    5 Keep trying! Don't up. You can do it.
    9 I'll be right with you. on a minute!
    1 I missed my stop. I forgot to off the bus.
    7 I'm hot. I need to off my jacket.

    Zapamatujte si užitečný obrat I'll be right with you. - “Hned jsem u vás.”

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte pomocí času předpřítomného. Využijte nápovědu.

    4 Ještě jsem to neviděl. not, yet
    3 Už jsi to četl? read, yet
    6 Znám ho už 5 let. for 5 years
    7 Jak dlouho už tu jsi? how long
    9 Už jste se někdy setkali? meet
    10 Už jste jedli? eat
    2 Už odešla. leave
    1 Nikdy v Londýně nebyl. to
    5 Zlomil si ruku. arm
    8 Už je to dlouho. long time

    Exercise 15

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    • Doplňte since, for, yet nebo already.

    2 Have you cleaned ?
    5 They haven't arrived .
    8 Are you leaving ? - Yes I have to go.
    7 Are you ready? - Not .
    3 I've done that .
    6 She's worked here five years.
    4 We've lived here last year.
    1 I've been here two hours.

    Exercise 16

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    • Řekněte anglicky.

    3 Ještě to neposlal.
    12 Už? – Ještě ne!
    5 Znám ho už roky.
    4 Už jsi jí to řekl?
    10 Nikdy jsem tam nebyl.
    6 Ještě jsem neskončil.
    1 Už jsem jedl.
    8 Bydlíme tady od roku 1990.
    11 Ještě to nenašel.
    7 Jak dlouho už tam pracuješ?
    9 Už odcházíte?
    2 Nic se nezměnilo. (zatím)

    Stejný význam jako frázová slovesa turn on (zapnout) a turn off (vypnout) mají v angličtině switch on a switch off. Všimněte si, že se v nich vyskytují stejné předložky (částice). Samotné ON znamená zapnutý a OFF je vypnutý.