Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    5 I've never been there.
    8 I've just read it.
    10 They haven't arrived yet.
    9 We haven't met for months.
    16 I haven't bought it yet.
    7 Nobody has heard about it.
    18 I've known him for years.
    4 Have you been here before?
    14 I've changed my mind.
    12 I've spoken with him.
    15 He hasn't brought it yet.
    2 Have you seen it?
    13 Have you decided yet?
    3 She hasn't come yet.
    1 Where have you been?
    17 What's happened?
    6 Have we met before?
    11 Have you eaten?

    Naučte se obrat I haven't seen you in ages! nebo I haven't seen you for ages! Odpovídá českému “Už jsem tě strašně dlouho neviděl.” ap. Obdobně lze užít obrat I haven't heard from him for ages. - “Už se mi neozval, ani nepamatuji.” ap.

    Exercise 2

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  • 597

    • Napište věty, které uslyšíte a infinitivy sloves užitých v předpřítomném čase.

    4
    5
    6
    1
    10
    9
    7
    3
    2
    8

    Exercise 3

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    • Doplňte vhodný tvar uvedeného slovesa podle času.

    5 They've leave already.
    6 I've hear about it.
    3 She hasn't come yet.
    7 We've never be there.
    8 I've tell him about it.
    1 He's break his leg.
    10 I've buy some apples.
    9 Have you send the e-mail?
    4 I have see that film.
    2 I haven't speak to him for weeks.

    Exercise 4

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    • Spojte položky e-mailu s jejich překlady.

    • 1 Recipient
    • 2 Dear Sir/Madam
    • 3 Subject
    • 4 Find attached
    • 5 Please let me know asap.
    • 6 Please confirm receipt
    • 7 Looking forward to your reply
    • 8 Yours faithfully
    • g Dejte mi prosím vědět co nejdříve.
    • h Předmět
    • c Vážená paní / Vážený pane
    • a V příloze najdete
    • d Příjemce
    • b Prosím potvrďte přijetí
    • e S pozdravem
    • f Těším se na Vaši odpověď

    Při oslovování skupiny osob (organizace, firmy) lze užít: Dear Sirs - “Vážení” ap. Pokud si nejste jisti, zda je adresát muž nebo žena, lze užít: Sir/Madam. Ale pozor! Zvolání: Oh dear! znamená údiv: Ježíši! nebo Pane Bože! ap.

    Exercise 5

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    • Rozepište stažené tvary na plné. Soustřeďte se na užití be a have.

    11 He's coming too.
    5 She's been there before.
    8 There's a problem.
    10 He's had three beers.
    7 I've told him.
    6 She's still there.
    2 What's happened?
    9 There's been a lot of time.
    3 Who's done it?
    1 What's new?
    12 How's it going?
    4 Who's there?

    Exercise 6

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  • 602

    • Doplňte správné tvary do či make.

    1 Have you the cleaning?
    3 I the shopping yesterday.
    4 I've some tea.
    10 It no sense.
    7 How much money did she ?
    6 Have you your homework?
    11 What sports do you ?
    8 They've a lot of damage.
    15 I need to a phone call.
    5 I'm my best.
    13 We can without them.
    2 We have no mistakes.
    14 He's great progress.
    9 I have only 10 dollars. Will it ?
    12 You've a mess of it!

    Exercise 7

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    • Vyberte vhodné části frázových sloves.

    6 I don't know, but I will find after/in/out.
    3 We will get in/back/for to that later.
    5 Can you pick me out/up/for at the airport?
    8 I'll give you a ride. Get in/on/at the car!
    1 She has three kids. She must look at/after/forward them.
    4 I'm looking for/after/forward to seeing you.
    9 We have to check on/for/in at the hotel first.
    10 Don't give up! Keep off/on/out trying.
    2 He's very angry. He should calm up/down/in.
    7 I don't smoke. I've let/taken/given up smoking.

    Exercise 8

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Would you like a sandwich?
    • 2 Is this your first time here?
    • 3 Have you spoken with him?
    • 4 Why isn't she coming?
    • 5 Do we have milk?
    • 6 Have you informed them?
    • 7 Why are you taking a taxi?
    • 8 Do you know this film?
    • f She's changed her mind.
    • d Yes, I've seen it twice.
    • c Our car has broken down.
    • e No, thanks. I've eaten.
    • b Yes, I've bought some.
    • g No, I've been here before.
    • h I've sent them an e-mail.
    • a Yes, he called an hour ago.

    Slovo before je v angličtině nejen předložka (před), ale také příslovce znamenající (už) předtím, (už) dříve. Vyskytuje se typicky na konci věty a často se pojí s předpřítomným či předminulým časem. Např.: I have never been here before. - “Ještě jsem tady nikdy nebyl.”, It's happened before. - Už k tomu dříve došlo. ap.

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnou předložku.

    7 Please confirm receipt this message.
    8 I need to log , but I don't know the password.
    9 Stop doing it! I'm tired it.
    10 whom it may concern
    1 She was tired. She's gone bed.
    6 I don't smoke. I've given smoking.
    4 She's gone out lunch.
    5 Send it this address.
    3 He hasn't replied my e-mail.
    2 I haven't heard from him weeks.

    Exercise 10

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    • Utvořte ze slov věty v předpřítomném čase.

    7
    he, not, find it
    1
    she, break, her arm
    2
    my parents, not arrive yet
    4
    I, make, dinner
    9
    she, speak, with him
    8
    why, you, come here?
    6
    you, do, the dishes?
    5
    they, not, send it
    3
    I, cut, myself

    Exercise 11

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu čas minulý prostý nebo předpřítomný.

    8 you watch the film last night? No, I not see it yet.
    5 I write to him a week ago, but he not reply yet.
    10 He not eat his breakfast this morning. He not eat for almost two days.
    11 She promise to call, but she not call yet.
    7 I send 10 e-mails today, but I not send any yesterday.
    4 I not see John last week.
    9 They spend the last week at the seaside, but I go to the mountains.
    6 She know about it, but she not go there yesterday.
    3 She lose her key, but she find it already.
    2 We meet a month ago, but I not speak with him since then.
    1 I was tired. I go to bed early.

    Čas minulý prostý (past simple) je vymezen konkrétním časem nebo časovým úsekem v minulosti bez souvislosti s přítomností, zatímco čas předpřítomný (present perfect) svým dějem nějak zasahuje z minulosti do přítomnosti, nebo říká, že daný časový úsek, v němž něco nastalo nebo může nastat, ještě není ukončený.

    Exercise 12

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  • 610

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo. Soustřeďte se na užité fráze.

    6 They haven't checked off/checked out/logged out of the hotel yet.
    2 The computer won't start. I think it's broken down/taken out/checked out.
    3 I don't understand it. It doesn't give/do/make sense.
    5 He hasn't made any promise/progress/problems. His English is still bad.
    8 We'll do it ourselves. We can do with/without/after their help.
    9 Did he get your message? – I don't know. He hasn't confirmed/cancelled/switched receipt yet.
    7 We're going nowhere. I've refused/joined/cancelled our reservation.
    1 The radio is disturbing/interesting/cancelling me. Can you turn it off?
    4 She's arrived at the airport. I must get/pick/check her up.

    Do you get the joke? - Rozumíte vtipu?: Mother: Doctor, my son has eaten my pen! What can I do? ... Doctor: Use a pencil!

    Exercise 13

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    • Doplňte vhodné frázové sloveso.

    3 I didn't tell her, but she knows! How did she out?
    6 I can't hear the radio. Can you it up?
    1 I missed my stop. I forgot to off the bus.
    9 I'll be right with you. on a minute!
    8 I can't read it. I must on my glasses.
    7 I'm hot. I need to off my jacket.
    4 He can't wait for you to come. He's to seeing you.
    2 The computer is still on. He's forgotten to it off.
    5 Keep trying! Don't up. You can do it.

    Zapamatujte si užitečný obrat I'll be right with you. - “Hned jsem u vás.”

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte pomocí času předpřítomného. Využijte nápovědu.

    10 Už jste jedli? eat
    7 Jak dlouho už tu jsi? how long
    4 Ještě jsem to neviděl. not, yet
    9 Už jste se někdy setkali? meet
    8 Už je to dlouho. long time
    2 Už odešla. leave
    1 Nikdy v Londýně nebyl. to
    3 Už jsi to četl? read, yet
    6 Znám ho už 5 let. for 5 years
    5 Zlomil si ruku. arm

    Exercise 15

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    • Doplňte since, for, yet nebo already.

    3 I've done that .
    2 Have you cleaned ?
    5 They haven't arrived .
    7 Are you ready? - Not .
    8 Are you leaving ? - Yes I have to go.
    6 She's worked here five years.
    1 I've been here two hours.
    4 We've lived here last year.

    Exercise 16

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  • 616

    • Řekněte anglicky.

    5 Znám ho už roky.
    4 Už jsi jí to řekl?
    12 Už? – Ještě ne!
    7 Jak dlouho už tam pracuješ?
    8 Bydlíme tady od roku 1990.
    10 Nikdy jsem tam nebyl.
    11 Ještě to nenašel.
    1 Už jsem jedl.
    3 Ještě to neposlal.
    2 Nic se nezměnilo. (zatím)
    6 Ještě jsem neskončil.
    9 Už odcházíte?

    Stejný význam jako frázová slovesa turn on (zapnout) a turn off (vypnout) mají v angličtině switch on a switch off. Všimněte si, že se v nich vyskytují stejné předložky (částice). Samotné ON znamená zapnutý a OFF je vypnutý.