Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    9 We haven't met for months.
    1 Where have you been?
    2 Have you seen it?
    14 I've changed my mind.
    16 I haven't bought it yet.
    12 I've spoken with him.
    6 Have we met before?
    3 She hasn't come yet.
    18 I've known him for years.
    8 I've just read it.
    13 Have you decided yet?
    17 What's happened?
    7 Nobody has heard about it.
    10 They haven't arrived yet.
    15 He hasn't brought it yet.
    5 I've never been there.
    4 Have you been here before?
    11 Have you eaten?

    Naučte se obrat I haven't seen you in ages! nebo I haven't seen you for ages! Odpovídá českému “Už jsem tě strašně dlouho neviděl.” ap. Obdobně lze užít obrat I haven't heard from him for ages. - “Už se mi neozval, ani nepamatuji.” ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Napište věty, které uslyšíte a infinitivy sloves užitých v předpřítomném čase.

    10
    9
    2
    7
    4
    6
    3
    8
    5
    1

    Exercise 3

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    • Doplňte vhodný tvar uvedeného slovesa podle času.

    8 I've tell him about it.
    7 We've never be there.
    1 He's break his leg.
    6 I've hear about it.
    10 I've buy some apples.
    3 She hasn't come yet.
    5 They've leave already.
    4 I have see that film.
    9 Have you send the e-mail?
    2 I haven't speak to him for weeks.

    Exercise 4

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    • Spojte položky e-mailu s jejich překlady.

    • 1 Recipient
    • 2 Dear Sir/Madam
    • 3 Subject
    • 4 Find attached
    • 5 Please let me know asap.
    • 6 Please confirm receipt
    • 7 Looking forward to your reply
    • 8 Yours faithfully
    • d Příjemce
    • e S pozdravem
    • b Prosím potvrďte přijetí
    • h Předmět
    • c Vážená paní / Vážený pane
    • a V příloze najdete
    • g Dejte mi prosím vědět co nejdříve.
    • f Těším se na Vaši odpověď

    Při oslovování skupiny osob (organizace, firmy) lze užít: Dear Sirs - “Vážení” ap. Pokud si nejste jisti, zda je adresát muž nebo žena, lze užít: Sir/Madam. Ale pozor! Zvolání: Oh dear! znamená údiv: Ježíši! nebo Pane Bože! ap.

    Exercise 5

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    • Rozepište stažené tvary na plné. Soustřeďte se na užití be a have.

    10 He's had three beers.
    7 I've told him.
    9 There's been a lot of time.
    8 There's a problem.
    3 Who's done it?
    6 She's still there.
    1 What's new?
    12 How's it going?
    11 He's coming too.
    4 Who's there?
    5 She's been there before.
    2 What's happened?

    Exercise 6

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    • Doplňte správné tvary do či make.

    6 Have you your homework?
    3 I the shopping yesterday.
    4 I've some tea.
    14 He's great progress.
    1 Have you the cleaning?
    10 It no sense.
    11 What sports do you ?
    5 I'm my best.
    8 They've a lot of damage.
    15 I need to a phone call.
    2 We have no mistakes.
    7 How much money did she ?
    13 We can without them.
    9 I have only 10 dollars. Will it ?
    12 You've a mess of it!

    Exercise 7

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    • Vyberte vhodné části frázových sloves.

    2 He's very angry. He should calm up/down/in.
    10 Don't give up! Keep off/on/out trying.
    5 Can you pick me out/up/for at the airport?
    1 She has three kids. She must look at/after/forward them.
    3 We will get in/back/for to that later.
    7 I don't smoke. I've let/taken/given up smoking.
    6 I don't know, but I will find after/in/out.
    9 We have to check on/for/in at the hotel first.
    8 I'll give you a ride. Get in/on/at the car!
    4 I'm looking for/after/forward to seeing you.

    Exercise 8

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Would you like a sandwich?
    • 2 Is this your first time here?
    • 3 Have you spoken with him?
    • 4 Why isn't she coming?
    • 5 Do we have milk?
    • 6 Have you informed them?
    • 7 Why are you taking a taxi?
    • 8 Do you know this film?
    • h I've sent them an e-mail.
    • a Yes, he called an hour ago.
    • e No, thanks. I've eaten.
    • f She's changed her mind.
    • c Our car has broken down.
    • g No, I've been here before.
    • b Yes, I've bought some.
    • d Yes, I've seen it twice.

    Slovo before je v angličtině nejen předložka (před), ale také příslovce znamenající (už) předtím, (už) dříve. Vyskytuje se typicky na konci věty a často se pojí s předpřítomným či předminulým časem. Např.: I have never been here before. - “Ještě jsem tady nikdy nebyl.”, It's happened before. - Už k tomu dříve došlo. ap.

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnou předložku.

    10 whom it may concern
    6 I don't smoke. I've given smoking.
    7 Please confirm receipt this message.
    4 She's gone out lunch.
    2 I haven't heard from him weeks.
    5 Send it this address.
    3 He hasn't replied my e-mail.
    8 I need to log , but I don't know the password.
    9 Stop doing it! I'm tired it.
    1 She was tired. She's gone bed.

    Exercise 10

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    • Utvořte ze slov věty v předpřítomném čase.

    1
    she, break, her arm
    3
    I, cut, myself
    6
    you, do, the dishes?
    7
    he, not, find it
    9
    she, speak, with him
    5
    they, not, send it
    4
    I, make, dinner
    2
    my parents, not arrive yet
    8
    why, you, come here?

    Exercise 11

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu čas minulý prostý nebo předpřítomný.

    7 I send 10 e-mails today, but I not send any yesterday.
    5 I write to him a week ago, but he not reply yet.
    3 She lose her key, but she find it already.
    9 They spend the last week at the seaside, but I go to the mountains.
    6 She know about it, but she not go there yesterday.
    4 I not see John last week.
    1 I was tired. I go to bed early.
    8 you watch the film last night? No, I not see it yet.
    11 She promise to call, but she not call yet.
    2 We meet a month ago, but I not speak with him since then.
    10 He not eat his breakfast this morning. He not eat for almost two days.

    Čas minulý prostý (past simple) je vymezen konkrétním časem nebo časovým úsekem v minulosti bez souvislosti s přítomností, zatímco čas předpřítomný (present perfect) svým dějem nějak zasahuje z minulosti do přítomnosti, nebo říká, že daný časový úsek, v němž něco nastalo nebo může nastat, ještě není ukončený.

    Exercise 12

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo. Soustřeďte se na užité fráze.

    3 I don't understand it. It doesn't give/do/make sense.
    1 The radio is disturbing/interesting/cancelling me. Can you turn it off?
    2 The computer won't start. I think it's broken down/taken out/checked out.
    7 We're going nowhere. I've refused/joined/cancelled our reservation.
    6 They haven't checked off/checked out/logged out of the hotel yet.
    4 She's arrived at the airport. I must get/pick/check her up.
    9 Did he get your message? – I don't know. He hasn't confirmed/cancelled/switched receipt yet.
    8 We'll do it ourselves. We can do with/without/after their help.
    5 He hasn't made any promise/progress/problems. His English is still bad.

    Do you get the joke? - Rozumíte vtipu?: Mother: Doctor, my son has eaten my pen! What can I do? ... Doctor: Use a pencil!

    Exercise 13

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    • Doplňte vhodné frázové sloveso.

    7 I'm hot. I need to off my jacket.
    6 I can't hear the radio. Can you it up?
    2 The computer is still on. He's forgotten to it off.
    3 I didn't tell her, but she knows! How did she out?
    9 I'll be right with you. on a minute!
    4 He can't wait for you to come. He's to seeing you.
    5 Keep trying! Don't up. You can do it.
    1 I missed my stop. I forgot to off the bus.
    8 I can't read it. I must on my glasses.

    Zapamatujte si užitečný obrat I'll be right with you. - “Hned jsem u vás.”

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte pomocí času předpřítomného. Využijte nápovědu.

    7 Jak dlouho už tu jsi? how long
    10 Už jste jedli? eat
    5 Zlomil si ruku. arm
    6 Znám ho už 5 let. for 5 years
    2 Už odešla. leave
    8 Už je to dlouho. long time
    1 Nikdy v Londýně nebyl. to
    3 Už jsi to četl? read, yet
    4 Ještě jsem to neviděl. not, yet
    9 Už jste se někdy setkali? meet

    Exercise 15

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    • Doplňte since, for, yet nebo already.

    6 She's worked here five years.
    7 Are you ready? - Not .
    3 I've done that .
    5 They haven't arrived .
    8 Are you leaving ? - Yes I have to go.
    4 We've lived here last year.
    1 I've been here two hours.
    2 Have you cleaned ?

    Exercise 16

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    • Řekněte anglicky.

    12 Už? – Ještě ne!
    1 Už jsem jedl.
    4 Už jsi jí to řekl?
    3 Ještě to neposlal.
    7 Jak dlouho už tam pracuješ?
    2 Nic se nezměnilo. (zatím)
    6 Ještě jsem neskončil.
    8 Bydlíme tady od roku 1990.
    5 Znám ho už roky.
    9 Už odcházíte?
    10 Nikdy jsem tam nebyl.
    11 Ještě to nenašel.

    Stejný význam jako frázová slovesa turn on (zapnout) a turn off (vypnout) mají v angličtině switch on a switch off. Všimněte si, že se v nich vyskytují stejné předložky (částice). Samotné ON znamená zapnutý a OFF je vypnutý.