Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    17 What's happened?
    8 I've just read it.
    11 Have you eaten?
    9 We haven't met for months.
    5 I've never been there.
    18 I've known him for years.
    16 I haven't bought it yet.
    1 Where have you been?
    14 I've changed my mind.
    13 Have you decided yet?
    6 Have we met before?
    15 He hasn't brought it yet.
    10 They haven't arrived yet.
    4 Have you been here before?
    7 Nobody has heard about it.
    3 She hasn't come yet.
    2 Have you seen it?
    12 I've spoken with him.

    Naučte se obrat I haven't seen you in ages! nebo I haven't seen you for ages! Odpovídá českému “Už jsem tě strašně dlouho neviděl.” ap. Obdobně lze užít obrat I haven't heard from him for ages. - “Už se mi neozval, ani nepamatuji.” ap.

    Exercise 2

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  • 597

    • Napište věty, které uslyšíte a infinitivy sloves užitých v předpřítomném čase.

    6
    1
    8
    9
    3
    5
    10
    4
    2
    7

    Exercise 3

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    • Doplňte vhodný tvar uvedeného slovesa podle času.

    10 I've buy some apples.
    5 They've leave already.
    9 Have you send the e-mail?
    3 She hasn't come yet.
    6 I've hear about it.
    8 I've tell him about it.
    1 He's break his leg.
    7 We've never be there.
    2 I haven't speak to him for weeks.
    4 I have see that film.

    Exercise 4

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    • Spojte položky e-mailu s jejich překlady.

    • 1 Recipient
    • 2 Dear Sir/Madam
    • 3 Subject
    • 4 Find attached
    • 5 Please let me know asap.
    • 6 Please confirm receipt
    • 7 Looking forward to your reply
    • 8 Yours faithfully
    • g Dejte mi prosím vědět co nejdříve.
    • f Těším se na Vaši odpověď
    • c Vážená paní / Vážený pane
    • d Příjemce
    • b Prosím potvrďte přijetí
    • h Předmět
    • a V příloze najdete
    • e S pozdravem

    Při oslovování skupiny osob (organizace, firmy) lze užít: Dear Sirs - “Vážení” ap. Pokud si nejste jisti, zda je adresát muž nebo žena, lze užít: Sir/Madam. Ale pozor! Zvolání: Oh dear! znamená údiv: Ježíši! nebo Pane Bože! ap.

    Exercise 5

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    • Rozepište stažené tvary na plné. Soustřeďte se na užití be a have.

    2 What's happened?
    4 Who's there?
    6 She's still there.
    12 How's it going?
    7 I've told him.
    5 She's been there before.
    1 What's new?
    8 There's a problem.
    11 He's coming too.
    3 Who's done it?
    9 There's been a lot of time.
    10 He's had three beers.

    Exercise 6

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  • 602

    • Doplňte správné tvary do či make.

    15 I need to a phone call.
    6 Have you your homework?
    9 I have only 10 dollars. Will it ?
    4 I've some tea.
    2 We have no mistakes.
    1 Have you the cleaning?
    14 He's great progress.
    8 They've a lot of damage.
    13 We can without them.
    5 I'm my best.
    3 I the shopping yesterday.
    10 It no sense.
    12 You've a mess of it!
    11 What sports do you ?
    7 How much money did she ?

    Exercise 7

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    • Vyberte vhodné části frázových sloves.

    7 I don't smoke. I've let/taken/given up smoking.
    2 He's very angry. He should calm up/down/in.
    4 I'm looking for/after/forward to seeing you.
    3 We will get in/back/for to that later.
    1 She has three kids. She must look at/after/forward them.
    10 Don't give up! Keep off/on/out trying.
    9 We have to check on/for/in at the hotel first.
    6 I don't know, but I will find after/in/out.
    5 Can you pick me out/up/for at the airport?
    8 I'll give you a ride. Get in/on/at the car!

    Exercise 8

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  • 604

    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Would you like a sandwich?
    • 2 Is this your first time here?
    • 3 Have you spoken with him?
    • 4 Why isn't she coming?
    • 5 Do we have milk?
    • 6 Have you informed them?
    • 7 Why are you taking a taxi?
    • 8 Do you know this film?
    • f She's changed her mind.
    • g No, I've been here before.
    • b Yes, I've bought some.
    • c Our car has broken down.
    • h I've sent them an e-mail.
    • d Yes, I've seen it twice.
    • e No, thanks. I've eaten.
    • a Yes, he called an hour ago.

    Slovo before je v angličtině nejen předložka (před), ale také příslovce znamenající (už) předtím, (už) dříve. Vyskytuje se typicky na konci věty a často se pojí s předpřítomným či předminulým časem. Např.: I have never been here before. - “Ještě jsem tady nikdy nebyl.”, It's happened before. - Už k tomu dříve došlo. ap.

    Exercise 9

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  • 606

    • Doplňte správnou předložku.

    8 I need to log , but I don't know the password.
    1 She was tired. She's gone bed.
    4 She's gone out lunch.
    7 Please confirm receipt this message.
    6 I don't smoke. I've given smoking.
    10 whom it may concern
    5 Send it this address.
    3 He hasn't replied my e-mail.
    9 Stop doing it! I'm tired it.
    2 I haven't heard from him weeks.

    Exercise 10

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    • Utvořte ze slov věty v předpřítomném čase.

    5
    they, not, send it
    3
    I, cut, myself
    8
    why, you, come here?
    4
    I, make, dinner
    6
    you, do, the dishes?
    9
    she, speak, with him
    2
    my parents, not arrive yet
    7
    he, not, find it
    1
    she, break, her arm

    Exercise 11

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu čas minulý prostý nebo předpřítomný.

    3 She lose her key, but she find it already.
    6 She know about it, but she not go there yesterday.
    4 I not see John last week.
    9 They spend the last week at the seaside, but I go to the mountains.
    1 I was tired. I go to bed early.
    7 I send 10 e-mails today, but I not send any yesterday.
    8 you watch the film last night? No, I not see it yet.
    5 I write to him a week ago, but he not reply yet.
    2 We meet a month ago, but I not speak with him since then.
    10 He not eat his breakfast this morning. He not eat for almost two days.
    11 She promise to call, but she not call yet.

    Čas minulý prostý (past simple) je vymezen konkrétním časem nebo časovým úsekem v minulosti bez souvislosti s přítomností, zatímco čas předpřítomný (present perfect) svým dějem nějak zasahuje z minulosti do přítomnosti, nebo říká, že daný časový úsek, v němž něco nastalo nebo může nastat, ještě není ukončený.

    Exercise 12

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  • 610

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo. Soustřeďte se na užité fráze.

    9 Did he get your message? – I don't know. He hasn't confirmed/cancelled/switched receipt yet.
    6 They haven't checked off/checked out/logged out of the hotel yet.
    4 She's arrived at the airport. I must get/pick/check her up.
    5 He hasn't made any promise/progress/problems. His English is still bad.
    1 The radio is disturbing/interesting/cancelling me. Can you turn it off?
    3 I don't understand it. It doesn't give/do/make sense.
    2 The computer won't start. I think it's broken down/taken out/checked out.
    8 We'll do it ourselves. We can do with/without/after their help.
    7 We're going nowhere. I've refused/joined/cancelled our reservation.

    Do you get the joke? - Rozumíte vtipu?: Mother: Doctor, my son has eaten my pen! What can I do? ... Doctor: Use a pencil!

    Exercise 13

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    • Doplňte vhodné frázové sloveso.

    8 I can't read it. I must on my glasses.
    4 He can't wait for you to come. He's to seeing you.
    6 I can't hear the radio. Can you it up?
    1 I missed my stop. I forgot to off the bus.
    2 The computer is still on. He's forgotten to it off.
    3 I didn't tell her, but she knows! How did she out?
    7 I'm hot. I need to off my jacket.
    5 Keep trying! Don't up. You can do it.
    9 I'll be right with you. on a minute!

    Zapamatujte si užitečný obrat I'll be right with you. - “Hned jsem u vás.”

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte pomocí času předpřítomného. Využijte nápovědu.

    9 Už jste se někdy setkali? meet
    3 Už jsi to četl? read, yet
    6 Znám ho už 5 let. for 5 years
    1 Nikdy v Londýně nebyl. to
    5 Zlomil si ruku. arm
    4 Ještě jsem to neviděl. not, yet
    10 Už jste jedli? eat
    7 Jak dlouho už tu jsi? how long
    8 Už je to dlouho. long time
    2 Už odešla. leave

    Exercise 15

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    • Doplňte since, for, yet nebo already.

    5 They haven't arrived .
    1 I've been here two hours.
    6 She's worked here five years.
    2 Have you cleaned ?
    7 Are you ready? - Not .
    4 We've lived here last year.
    3 I've done that .
    8 Are you leaving ? - Yes I have to go.

    Exercise 16

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  • 616

    • Řekněte anglicky.

    6 Ještě jsem neskončil.
    3 Ještě to neposlal.
    4 Už jsi jí to řekl?
    8 Bydlíme tady od roku 1990.
    12 Už? – Ještě ne!
    1 Už jsem jedl.
    10 Nikdy jsem tam nebyl.
    5 Znám ho už roky.
    11 Ještě to nenašel.
    2 Nic se nezměnilo. (zatím)
    7 Jak dlouho už tam pracuješ?
    9 Už odcházíte?

    Stejný význam jako frázová slovesa turn on (zapnout) a turn off (vypnout) mají v angličtině switch on a switch off. Všimněte si, že se v nich vyskytují stejné předložky (částice). Samotné ON znamená zapnutý a OFF je vypnutý.