Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    8 What is it called in English?
    9 The e-mail was sent yesterday.
    5 He started his own business.
    2 I work for myself.
    7 What is meant by that?
    11 He's employed by our company.
    12 They were fired.
    3 I'm an employee.
    10 This word is not used often.
    1 What do you do for a living?
    4 He makes a lot of money.
    6 She applied for a job.

    Už znáte užití koncovky -er - váže se k subjektu, jenž něco činí, např. employer, worker. Podobně funguje u některých sloves koncovka -or např.: translate (přeložit) - translator (překladatel) ap. Všimněte si též koncovky -ee např. u slova employee. Ta se naopak užívá u osoby, která je činnosti podrobena. Např. interviewer (dotazovatel) - interviewee (dotazovaný - u pohovoru ap.).

    Exercise 2

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    1 Jane works for herself.
    4 Less than 50 workers work for the company.
    8 John has already found a job.
    7 I make more money now.
    5 Some workers lost their jobs.
    2 Mark works on a computer.
    3 Bob doesn't work for a British company now.
    6 Jack got the job.

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 The food will go bad.
    • 2 She got fired.
    • 3 I'm getting thirsty.
    • 4 It makes me angry.
    • 5 He got angry.
    • 6 It's not getting better.
    • 7 It's getting cold.
    • 8 He should get used to it.
    • c Jídlo se zkazí.
    • f Naštval se.
    • b Dostávám žízeň.
    • g Dostala padáka.
    • e Měl by si na to zvyknout.
    • h Štve mě to.
    • d Nelepší se to.
    • a Ochlazuje se.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    1 She works like/as/such as a teacher. She teaches English.
    2 He applied for a job, but he wasn't taken/received/accepted.
    4 He was often late for work. So he was fired/accepted/employed.
    9 He gets angry very often. It's hard to get by/along/after with him.
    6 They were fired last month and they are still employed/jobless/applied.
    10 Our plane takes on/out/off at 10 a.m.
    11 They needed more workers. They took out/for/on new staff.
    7 He'll be promoted and get a pay rise/loss/raise.
    3 He got the job – Oh really? I'm so nice/glad/fine to hear that.
    8 I'm very tired. I need to take/get/give some sleep.
    5 She didn't like her job. She decided to apply/get off/quit.

    Nezaměňujte anglické termíny salary, wage a pay. Salary je pravidelný měsíční plat. Wage je mzda (hl. placená od hodiny, týdně ap.). Pay je plat či výplata, tedy vyplácené peníze. Např. pay day je den výplaty ap. Obecný formální termín pro odměnu (či odměňování) za práci je většinou remuneration rɪˌmjuːnəˈreɪʃən.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte správné tvary trpného rodu.

    1 I don't know its name. What it call ?
    9 I don't understand it. The messages write in Chinese.
    7 You'll understand. English and French speak there.
    10 Over 20 new workers take on last month.
    4 He left his car there and it steal .
    2 The house sell last week.
    8 This meat eat cooked.
    3 We can't go there. We not invite .
    5 My car has broken down. It needs to repair .
    6 The job pay well . You can make a lot of money.

    Užitečný obrat s trpným rodem je: be held - konat se (má podobný význam jako nám již známé take place). Např.: A meeting was held. - Konala se schůzka. ap. Hold znamená držet, ale také pořádat či konat. Pozor! Hold je nepravidelné sloveso s tvary: Past tense (PT) - held hεld a Past participle (PP) - held hεld.

    Exercise 6

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    • Řekněte anglicky s použitím částice to. Využijte nápovědu.

    1 Byla překvapená, že mě vidí. surprised
    5 Je toho tady hodně k vidění. a lot
    8 Předstírala, že neví. pretend, not
    10 Promiňte, že vás obtěžuji. bother
    4 To rád slyším. glad
    3 Byl první, kdo to věděl. first
    2 Očekávám, že nám pomůžete. expect you
    7 Mám jiné věci na práci. other things
    9 Měl štěstí, že našel práci. lucky
    6 Znám místo, kde se dá skvěle najíst. great place

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte výroky s přibližně stejným významem.

    • 1 She was fired.
    • 2 She's got a pay rise.
    • 3 He's jobless.
    • 4 She's looking for a job.
    • 5 He's been promoted.
    • 6 She works for herself.
    • 7 He applied for a job.
    • 8 He quit his job.
    • e He stopped working there.
    • d She's better paid now.
    • h He's better off now.
    • a He's unemployed.
    • g She lost her job.
    • b She's her own boss.
    • c He sent a job application.
    • f She's trying to find employment.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte druhou větu tak, aby měla opačný význam než věta první.

    10 When does the plane land? – When does the plane off?
    3 They hired 5 workers. – They 5 workers.
    1 It's getting better. – It's getting .
    8 My car is repaired. – My car is .
    5 He's jobless. – He's .
    4 They got married. – They got .
    6 She lost her job. – She a new job.
    2 The keys were lost. – The keys were .
    7 He bought the car last year. – He the car last year.
    9 Can you take me to the airport? – Can you me up at the airport?

    Exercise 9

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    • Utvořte věty stejného významu pomocí trpného rodu.

    7 They say that she is beautiful.
    9 You can eat it.
    4 Someone told him to do it.
    8 They gave us some money.
    13 They hired two employees.
    1 They saw her there.
    11 Somebody lost the keys.
    14 Our company employed him.
    12 Nobody ever found it.
    5 They made him do it.
    2 Many workers use it.
    6 He promoted her.
    3 She sent the message.
    10 Rich people buy these cars.

    He is wanted. je česky: Hledá ho policie. (zločince ap.). Help wanted. znamená: Přijmeme výpomoc. (brigádníka ap.).

    Exercise 10

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    • Přečtěte a napište celými slovy anglicky.

    3 5/9
    1 2/3
    11 0.25
    4 1/2
    5 32
    12 3,650,500
    9 35 - 20 = 15
    10 27 : 9 = 3
    7 106
    8 55 + 55 = 110
    2 3/4
    6 53

    Exercise 11

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    • Přeložte změny stavu become, get, go, grow, turn. Využijte nápovědu.

    1 Stmívá se. dark
    10 Dostávám žízeň. thirsty
    6 Začíná to být těžké. difficult
    8 To jídlo se zkazí. bad
    16 Brzy se unavila. tired
    7 Proslavila se. famous
    15 Přestává mě to bavit. tired
    14 Začal jsem mít strach. afraid
    11 Rozčílil se. angry
    2 Na to si zvykneš. used to
    12 Zmokneš. wet
    13 Počítač (se) zpomaluje. slow
    5 Počasí se zhoršilo. worse
    9 Dostali jsme hlad. hungry
    4 Lepšíš se. better
    3 Opili se. drunk

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte vhodné slovo.

    4 He worked a programmer but was fired.
    2 He applied a job, but he wasn't accepted.
    1 What does he do for a ? – He works as a teacher.
    3 We need more staff. We must new employees.
    6 Why did she her job? – Her salary was too low.
    7 John hasn't found a job yet. He is still .
    9 It's hard to get along with her. She angry very often.
    5 These jobs are not well . You won't make much money.
    10 There was no meeting yesterday. It was called .
    8 He didn't send me the money. He me really angry.

    Exercise 13

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    • Řekněte podle nápovědy anglicky, co (si) kdo nechal či dal udělat.

    6 she, hair, cut
    3 they, room, clean
    1 I, car, repair
    5 we, food, bring to our room
    7 he, his jacket, wash
    4 he, fire her
    2 my parents, new house, build
    8 we, the table, make

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte. Kde lze, použijte trpný rod.

    4 Byl povýšen.
    18 Dvě třetiny z nich dostaly přidáno.
    9 Ukradli mu auto.
    8 Najali 5 pracovníků.
    6 Byli potrestáni.
    12 Dostala padáka.
    16 Musím si ti nechat opravit.
    5 Jak se to nazývá anglicky?
    2 Pracuji jako účetní.
    7 Jak se to dělá?
    17 Dostal padáka.
    11 Vyrábí se tam auta.
    15 Prodalo se 1000 aut.
    13 Zvykl jsem si na to.
    14 Rezervace byla zrušena.
    1 Čím se živíte?
    3 Dělám sám na sebe.
    10 V Británii se mluví anglicky.

    Sloveso fire (vyhodit z práce) je běžné, ale spíše hovorové. Znamená též mimo jiné vypálit, vystřelit (ze zbraně ap.). Formální termín pro propustit (z práce) je dismiss dɪsˈmɪs. Např. He was dismissed. - Byl propuštěn.