Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    12 They were fired.
    4 He makes a lot of money.
    5 He started his own business.
    10 This word is not used often.
    2 I work for myself.
    6 She applied for a job.
    8 What is it called in English?
    7 What is meant by that?
    11 He's employed by our company.
    9 The e-mail was sent yesterday.
    1 What do you do for a living?
    3 I'm an employee.

    Už znáte užití koncovky -er - váže se k subjektu, jenž něco činí, např. employer, worker. Podobně funguje u některých sloves koncovka -or např.: translate (přeložit) - translator (překladatel) ap. Všimněte si též koncovky -ee např. u slova employee. Ta se naopak užívá u osoby, která je činnosti podrobena. Např. interviewer (dotazovatel) - interviewee (dotazovaný - u pohovoru ap.).

    Exercise 2

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    2 Mark works on a computer.
    1 Jane works for herself.
    8 John has already found a job.
    5 Some workers lost their jobs.
    4 Less than 50 workers work for the company.
    7 I make more money now.
    6 Jack got the job.
    3 Bob doesn't work for a British company now.

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 The food will go bad.
    • 2 She got fired.
    • 3 I'm getting thirsty.
    • 4 It makes me angry.
    • 5 He got angry.
    • 6 It's not getting better.
    • 7 It's getting cold.
    • 8 He should get used to it.
    • h Štve mě to.
    • c Jídlo se zkazí.
    • f Naštval se.
    • g Dostala padáka.
    • a Ochlazuje se.
    • e Měl by si na to zvyknout.
    • b Dostávám žízeň.
    • d Nelepší se to.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    11 They needed more workers. They took out/for/on new staff.
    1 She works like/as/such as a teacher. She teaches English.
    2 He applied for a job, but he wasn't taken/received/accepted.
    9 He gets angry very often. It's hard to get by/along/after with him.
    3 He got the job – Oh really? I'm so nice/glad/fine to hear that.
    6 They were fired last month and they are still employed/jobless/applied.
    8 I'm very tired. I need to take/get/give some sleep.
    5 She didn't like her job. She decided to apply/get off/quit.
    10 Our plane takes on/out/off at 10 a.m.
    4 He was often late for work. So he was fired/accepted/employed.
    7 He'll be promoted and get a pay rise/loss/raise.

    Nezaměňujte anglické termíny salary, wage a pay. Salary je pravidelný měsíční plat. Wage je mzda (hl. placená od hodiny, týdně ap.). Pay je plat či výplata, tedy vyplácené peníze. Např. pay day je den výplaty ap. Obecný formální termín pro odměnu (či odměňování) za práci je většinou remuneration rɪˌmjuːnəˈreɪʃən.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte správné tvary trpného rodu.

    1 I don't know its name. What it call ?
    10 Over 20 new workers take on last month.
    5 My car has broken down. It needs to repair .
    9 I don't understand it. The messages write in Chinese.
    4 He left his car there and it steal .
    7 You'll understand. English and French speak there.
    2 The house sell last week.
    6 The job pay well . You can make a lot of money.
    8 This meat eat cooked.
    3 We can't go there. We not invite .

    Užitečný obrat s trpným rodem je: be held - konat se (má podobný význam jako nám již známé take place). Např.: A meeting was held. - Konala se schůzka. ap. Hold znamená držet, ale také pořádat či konat. Pozor! Hold je nepravidelné sloveso s tvary: Past tense (PT) - held hεld a Past participle (PP) - held hεld.

    Exercise 6

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    • Řekněte anglicky s použitím částice to. Využijte nápovědu.

    4 To rád slyším. glad
    9 Měl štěstí, že našel práci. lucky
    10 Promiňte, že vás obtěžuji. bother
    3 Byl první, kdo to věděl. first
    8 Předstírala, že neví. pretend, not
    1 Byla překvapená, že mě vidí. surprised
    6 Znám místo, kde se dá skvěle najíst. great place
    2 Očekávám, že nám pomůžete. expect you
    5 Je toho tady hodně k vidění. a lot
    7 Mám jiné věci na práci. other things

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte výroky s přibližně stejným významem.

    • 1 She was fired.
    • 2 She's got a pay rise.
    • 3 He's jobless.
    • 4 She's looking for a job.
    • 5 He's been promoted.
    • 6 She works for herself.
    • 7 He applied for a job.
    • 8 He quit his job.
    • f She's trying to find employment.
    • c He sent a job application.
    • d She's better paid now.
    • e He stopped working there.
    • h He's better off now.
    • b She's her own boss.
    • a He's unemployed.
    • g She lost her job.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte druhou větu tak, aby měla opačný význam než věta první.

    8 My car is repaired. – My car is .
    1 It's getting better. – It's getting .
    3 They hired 5 workers. – They 5 workers.
    5 He's jobless. – He's .
    9 Can you take me to the airport? – Can you me up at the airport?
    10 When does the plane land? – When does the plane off?
    6 She lost her job. – She a new job.
    2 The keys were lost. – The keys were .
    4 They got married. – They got .
    7 He bought the car last year. – He the car last year.

    Exercise 9

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    • Utvořte věty stejného významu pomocí trpného rodu.

    5 They made him do it.
    6 He promoted her.
    11 Somebody lost the keys.
    10 Rich people buy these cars.
    14 Our company employed him.
    12 Nobody ever found it.
    7 They say that she is beautiful.
    13 They hired two employees.
    1 They saw her there.
    4 Someone told him to do it.
    8 They gave us some money.
    3 She sent the message.
    9 You can eat it.
    2 Many workers use it.

    He is wanted. je česky: Hledá ho policie. (zločince ap.). Help wanted. znamená: Přijmeme výpomoc. (brigádníka ap.).

    Exercise 10

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    • Přečtěte a napište celými slovy anglicky.

    1 2/3
    6 53
    12 3,650,500
    3 5/9
    5 32
    10 27 : 9 = 3
    4 1/2
    2 3/4
    8 55 + 55 = 110
    9 35 - 20 = 15
    7 106
    11 0.25

    Exercise 11

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    • Přeložte změny stavu become, get, go, grow, turn. Využijte nápovědu.

    15 Přestává mě to bavit. tired
    16 Brzy se unavila. tired
    13 Počítač (se) zpomaluje. slow
    3 Opili se. drunk
    5 Počasí se zhoršilo. worse
    10 Dostávám žízeň. thirsty
    14 Začal jsem mít strach. afraid
    7 Proslavila se. famous
    2 Na to si zvykneš. used to
    8 To jídlo se zkazí. bad
    6 Začíná to být těžké. difficult
    12 Zmokneš. wet
    9 Dostali jsme hlad. hungry
    1 Stmívá se. dark
    11 Rozčílil se. angry
    4 Lepšíš se. better

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte vhodné slovo.

    9 It's hard to get along with her. She angry very often.
    6 Why did she her job? – Her salary was too low.
    3 We need more staff. We must new employees.
    1 What does he do for a ? – He works as a teacher.
    10 There was no meeting yesterday. It was called .
    5 These jobs are not well . You won't make much money.
    8 He didn't send me the money. He me really angry.
    4 He worked a programmer but was fired.
    2 He applied a job, but he wasn't accepted.
    7 John hasn't found a job yet. He is still .

    Exercise 13

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    • Řekněte podle nápovědy anglicky, co (si) kdo nechal či dal udělat.

    5 we, food, bring to our room
    3 they, room, clean
    6 she, hair, cut
    7 he, his jacket, wash
    1 I, car, repair
    2 my parents, new house, build
    8 we, the table, make
    4 he, fire her

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte. Kde lze, použijte trpný rod.

    6 Byli potrestáni.
    18 Dvě třetiny z nich dostaly přidáno.
    16 Musím si ti nechat opravit.
    14 Rezervace byla zrušena.
    11 Vyrábí se tam auta.
    5 Jak se to nazývá anglicky?
    2 Pracuji jako účetní.
    1 Čím se živíte?
    13 Zvykl jsem si na to.
    9 Ukradli mu auto.
    17 Dostal padáka.
    10 V Británii se mluví anglicky.
    3 Dělám sám na sebe.
    7 Jak se to dělá?
    12 Dostala padáka.
    8 Najali 5 pracovníků.
    15 Prodalo se 1000 aut.
    4 Byl povýšen.

    Sloveso fire (vyhodit z práce) je běžné, ale spíše hovorové. Znamená též mimo jiné vypálit, vystřelit (ze zbraně ap.). Formální termín pro propustit (z práce) je dismiss dɪsˈmɪs. Např. He was dismissed. - Byl propuštěn.