Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    6 She applied for a job.
    5 He started his own business.
    9 The e-mail was sent yesterday.
    4 He makes a lot of money.
    10 This word is not used often.
    2 I work for myself.
    12 They were fired.
    8 What is it called in English?
    3 I'm an employee.
    1 What do you do for a living?
    11 He's employed by our company.
    7 What is meant by that?

    Už znáte užití koncovky -er - váže se k subjektu, jenž něco činí, např. employer, worker. Podobně funguje u některých sloves koncovka -or např.: translate (přeložit) - translator (překladatel) ap. Všimněte si též koncovky -ee např. u slova employee. Ta se naopak užívá u osoby, která je činnosti podrobena. Např. interviewer (dotazovatel) - interviewee (dotazovaný - u pohovoru ap.).

    Exercise 2

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    4 Less than 50 workers work for the company.
    7 I make more money now.
    8 John has already found a job.
    2 Mark works on a computer.
    5 Some workers lost their jobs.
    6 Jack got the job.
    3 Bob doesn't work for a British company now.
    1 Jane works for herself.

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 The food will go bad.
    • 2 She got fired.
    • 3 I'm getting thirsty.
    • 4 It makes me angry.
    • 5 He got angry.
    • 6 It's not getting better.
    • 7 It's getting cold.
    • 8 He should get used to it.
    • c Jídlo se zkazí.
    • a Ochlazuje se.
    • f Naštval se.
    • b Dostávám žízeň.
    • h Štve mě to.
    • e Měl by si na to zvyknout.
    • g Dostala padáka.
    • d Nelepší se to.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    6 They were fired last month and they are still employed/jobless/applied.
    2 He applied for a job, but he wasn't taken/received/accepted.
    8 I'm very tired. I need to take/get/give some sleep.
    9 He gets angry very often. It's hard to get by/along/after with him.
    3 He got the job – Oh really? I'm so nice/glad/fine to hear that.
    4 He was often late for work. So he was fired/accepted/employed.
    11 They needed more workers. They took out/for/on new staff.
    7 He'll be promoted and get a pay rise/loss/raise.
    10 Our plane takes on/out/off at 10 a.m.
    1 She works like/as/such as a teacher. She teaches English.
    5 She didn't like her job. She decided to apply/get off/quit.

    Nezaměňujte anglické termíny salary, wage a pay. Salary je pravidelný měsíční plat. Wage je mzda (hl. placená od hodiny, týdně ap.). Pay je plat či výplata, tedy vyplácené peníze. Např. pay day je den výplaty ap. Obecný formální termín pro odměnu (či odměňování) za práci je většinou remuneration rɪˌmjuːnəˈreɪʃən.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte správné tvary trpného rodu.

    2 The house sell last week.
    4 He left his car there and it steal .
    7 You'll understand. English and French speak there.
    9 I don't understand it. The messages write in Chinese.
    6 The job pay well . You can make a lot of money.
    10 Over 20 new workers take on last month.
    5 My car has broken down. It needs to repair .
    1 I don't know its name. What it call ?
    3 We can't go there. We not invite .
    8 This meat eat cooked.

    Užitečný obrat s trpným rodem je: be held - konat se (má podobný význam jako nám již známé take place). Např.: A meeting was held. - Konala se schůzka. ap. Hold znamená držet, ale také pořádat či konat. Pozor! Hold je nepravidelné sloveso s tvary: Past tense (PT) - held hεld a Past participle (PP) - held hεld.

    Exercise 6

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    • Řekněte anglicky s použitím částice to. Využijte nápovědu.

    6 Znám místo, kde se dá skvěle najíst. great place
    1 Byla překvapená, že mě vidí. surprised
    3 Byl první, kdo to věděl. first
    4 To rád slyším. glad
    8 Předstírala, že neví. pretend, not
    7 Mám jiné věci na práci. other things
    5 Je toho tady hodně k vidění. a lot
    9 Měl štěstí, že našel práci. lucky
    2 Očekávám, že nám pomůžete. expect you
    10 Promiňte, že vás obtěžuji. bother

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte výroky s přibližně stejným významem.

    • 1 She was fired.
    • 2 She's got a pay rise.
    • 3 He's jobless.
    • 4 She's looking for a job.
    • 5 He's been promoted.
    • 6 She works for herself.
    • 7 He applied for a job.
    • 8 He quit his job.
    • f She's trying to find employment.
    • g She lost her job.
    • h He's better off now.
    • d She's better paid now.
    • c He sent a job application.
    • a He's unemployed.
    • e He stopped working there.
    • b She's her own boss.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte druhou větu tak, aby měla opačný význam než věta první.

    8 My car is repaired. – My car is .
    6 She lost her job. – She a new job.
    4 They got married. – They got .
    1 It's getting better. – It's getting .
    7 He bought the car last year. – He the car last year.
    3 They hired 5 workers. – They 5 workers.
    5 He's jobless. – He's .
    2 The keys were lost. – The keys were .
    9 Can you take me to the airport? – Can you me up at the airport?
    10 When does the plane land? – When does the plane off?

    Exercise 9

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    • Utvořte věty stejného významu pomocí trpného rodu.

    1 They saw her there.
    4 Someone told him to do it.
    6 He promoted her.
    12 Nobody ever found it.
    8 They gave us some money.
    2 Many workers use it.
    11 Somebody lost the keys.
    9 You can eat it.
    7 They say that she is beautiful.
    10 Rich people buy these cars.
    5 They made him do it.
    14 Our company employed him.
    13 They hired two employees.
    3 She sent the message.

    He is wanted. je česky: Hledá ho policie. (zločince ap.). Help wanted. znamená: Přijmeme výpomoc. (brigádníka ap.).

    Exercise 10

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    • Přečtěte a napište celými slovy anglicky.

    3 5/9
    12 3,650,500
    7 106
    10 27 : 9 = 3
    4 1/2
    1 2/3
    2 3/4
    9 35 - 20 = 15
    6 53
    8 55 + 55 = 110
    5 32
    11 0.25

    Exercise 11

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    • Přeložte změny stavu become, get, go, grow, turn. Využijte nápovědu.

    7 Proslavila se. famous
    2 Na to si zvykneš. used to
    6 Začíná to být těžké. difficult
    1 Stmívá se. dark
    13 Počítač (se) zpomaluje. slow
    15 Přestává mě to bavit. tired
    11 Rozčílil se. angry
    16 Brzy se unavila. tired
    10 Dostávám žízeň. thirsty
    3 Opili se. drunk
    4 Lepšíš se. better
    8 To jídlo se zkazí. bad
    9 Dostali jsme hlad. hungry
    12 Zmokneš. wet
    5 Počasí se zhoršilo. worse
    14 Začal jsem mít strach. afraid

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte vhodné slovo.

    9 It's hard to get along with her. She angry very often.
    2 He applied a job, but he wasn't accepted.
    1 What does he do for a ? – He works as a teacher.
    7 John hasn't found a job yet. He is still .
    3 We need more staff. We must new employees.
    8 He didn't send me the money. He me really angry.
    10 There was no meeting yesterday. It was called .
    5 These jobs are not well . You won't make much money.
    6 Why did she her job? – Her salary was too low.
    4 He worked a programmer but was fired.

    Exercise 13

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    • Řekněte podle nápovědy anglicky, co (si) kdo nechal či dal udělat.

    8 we, the table, make
    2 my parents, new house, build
    1 I, car, repair
    4 he, fire her
    7 he, his jacket, wash
    5 we, food, bring to our room
    3 they, room, clean
    6 she, hair, cut

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte. Kde lze, použijte trpný rod.

    15 Prodalo se 1000 aut.
    6 Byli potrestáni.
    9 Ukradli mu auto.
    1 Čím se živíte?
    5 Jak se to nazývá anglicky?
    3 Dělám sám na sebe.
    16 Musím si ti nechat opravit.
    7 Jak se to dělá?
    4 Byl povýšen.
    13 Zvykl jsem si na to.
    12 Dostala padáka.
    2 Pracuji jako účetní.
    17 Dostal padáka.
    18 Dvě třetiny z nich dostaly přidáno.
    11 Vyrábí se tam auta.
    10 V Británii se mluví anglicky.
    8 Najali 5 pracovníků.
    14 Rezervace byla zrušena.

    Sloveso fire (vyhodit z práce) je běžné, ale spíše hovorové. Znamená též mimo jiné vypálit, vystřelit (ze zbraně ap.). Formální termín pro propustit (z práce) je dismiss dɪsˈmɪs. Např. He was dismissed. - Byl propuštěn.