Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    2 I work for myself.
    12 They were fired.
    5 He started his own business.
    4 He makes a lot of money.
    6 She applied for a job.
    8 What is it called in English?
    7 What is meant by that?
    1 What do you do for a living?
    9 The e-mail was sent yesterday.
    10 This word is not used often.
    3 I'm an employee.
    11 He's employed by our company.

    Už znáte užití koncovky -er - váže se k subjektu, jenž něco činí, např. employer, worker. Podobně funguje u některých sloves koncovka -or např.: translate (přeložit) - translator (překladatel) ap. Všimněte si též koncovky -ee např. u slova employee. Ta se naopak užívá u osoby, která je činnosti podrobena. Např. interviewer (dotazovatel) - interviewee (dotazovaný - u pohovoru ap.).

    Exercise 2

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    1 Jane works for herself.
    8 John has already found a job.
    6 Jack got the job.
    7 I make more money now.
    2 Mark works on a computer.
    5 Some workers lost their jobs.
    4 Less than 50 workers work for the company.
    3 Bob doesn't work for a British company now.

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 The food will go bad.
    • 2 She got fired.
    • 3 I'm getting thirsty.
    • 4 It makes me angry.
    • 5 He got angry.
    • 6 It's not getting better.
    • 7 It's getting cold.
    • 8 He should get used to it.
    • b Dostávám žízeň.
    • e Měl by si na to zvyknout.
    • h Štve mě to.
    • d Nelepší se to.
    • g Dostala padáka.
    • f Naštval se.
    • a Ochlazuje se.
    • c Jídlo se zkazí.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    4 He was often late for work. So he was fired/accepted/employed.
    11 They needed more workers. They took out/for/on new staff.
    2 He applied for a job, but he wasn't taken/received/accepted.
    8 I'm very tired. I need to take/get/give some sleep.
    7 He'll be promoted and get a pay rise/loss/raise.
    3 He got the job – Oh really? I'm so nice/glad/fine to hear that.
    6 They were fired last month and they are still employed/jobless/applied.
    9 He gets angry very often. It's hard to get by/along/after with him.
    10 Our plane takes on/out/off at 10 a.m.
    5 She didn't like her job. She decided to apply/get off/quit.
    1 She works like/as/such as a teacher. She teaches English.

    Nezaměňujte anglické termíny salary, wage a pay. Salary je pravidelný měsíční plat. Wage je mzda (hl. placená od hodiny, týdně ap.). Pay je plat či výplata, tedy vyplácené peníze. Např. pay day je den výplaty ap. Obecný formální termín pro odměnu (či odměňování) za práci je většinou remuneration rɪˌmjuːnəˈreɪʃən.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte správné tvary trpného rodu.

    9 I don't understand it. The messages write in Chinese.
    8 This meat eat cooked.
    1 I don't know its name. What it call ?
    4 He left his car there and it steal .
    2 The house sell last week.
    3 We can't go there. We not invite .
    5 My car has broken down. It needs to repair .
    7 You'll understand. English and French speak there.
    10 Over 20 new workers take on last month.
    6 The job pay well . You can make a lot of money.

    Užitečný obrat s trpným rodem je: be held - konat se (má podobný význam jako nám již známé take place). Např.: A meeting was held. - Konala se schůzka. ap. Hold znamená držet, ale také pořádat či konat. Pozor! Hold je nepravidelné sloveso s tvary: Past tense (PT) - held hεld a Past participle (PP) - held hεld.

    Exercise 6

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    • Řekněte anglicky s použitím částice to. Využijte nápovědu.

    5 Je toho tady hodně k vidění. a lot
    4 To rád slyším. glad
    2 Očekávám, že nám pomůžete. expect you
    6 Znám místo, kde se dá skvěle najíst. great place
    10 Promiňte, že vás obtěžuji. bother
    1 Byla překvapená, že mě vidí. surprised
    9 Měl štěstí, že našel práci. lucky
    8 Předstírala, že neví. pretend, not
    7 Mám jiné věci na práci. other things
    3 Byl první, kdo to věděl. first

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte výroky s přibližně stejným významem.

    • 1 She was fired.
    • 2 She's got a pay rise.
    • 3 He's jobless.
    • 4 She's looking for a job.
    • 5 He's been promoted.
    • 6 She works for herself.
    • 7 He applied for a job.
    • 8 He quit his job.
    • g She lost her job.
    • b She's her own boss.
    • d She's better paid now.
    • f She's trying to find employment.
    • a He's unemployed.
    • c He sent a job application.
    • e He stopped working there.
    • h He's better off now.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte druhou větu tak, aby měla opačný význam než věta první.

    6 She lost her job. – She a new job.
    9 Can you take me to the airport? – Can you me up at the airport?
    3 They hired 5 workers. – They 5 workers.
    1 It's getting better. – It's getting .
    10 When does the plane land? – When does the plane off?
    4 They got married. – They got .
    8 My car is repaired. – My car is .
    7 He bought the car last year. – He the car last year.
    2 The keys were lost. – The keys were .
    5 He's jobless. – He's .

    Exercise 9

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    • Utvořte věty stejného významu pomocí trpného rodu.

    12 Nobody ever found it.
    3 She sent the message.
    10 Rich people buy these cars.
    9 You can eat it.
    14 Our company employed him.
    6 He promoted her.
    5 They made him do it.
    11 Somebody lost the keys.
    7 They say that she is beautiful.
    13 They hired two employees.
    2 Many workers use it.
    4 Someone told him to do it.
    8 They gave us some money.
    1 They saw her there.

    He is wanted. je česky: Hledá ho policie. (zločince ap.). Help wanted. znamená: Přijmeme výpomoc. (brigádníka ap.).

    Exercise 10

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    • Přečtěte a napište celými slovy anglicky.

    12 3,650,500
    5 32
    6 53
    2 3/4
    7 106
    4 1/2
    3 5/9
    8 55 + 55 = 110
    1 2/3
    9 35 - 20 = 15
    10 27 : 9 = 3
    11 0.25

    Exercise 11

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    • Přeložte změny stavu become, get, go, grow, turn. Využijte nápovědu.

    3 Opili se. drunk
    4 Lepšíš se. better
    12 Zmokneš. wet
    5 Počasí se zhoršilo. worse
    10 Dostávám žízeň. thirsty
    13 Počítač (se) zpomaluje. slow
    15 Přestává mě to bavit. tired
    16 Brzy se unavila. tired
    1 Stmívá se. dark
    6 Začíná to být těžké. difficult
    11 Rozčílil se. angry
    7 Proslavila se. famous
    2 Na to si zvykneš. used to
    8 To jídlo se zkazí. bad
    9 Dostali jsme hlad. hungry
    14 Začal jsem mít strach. afraid

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte vhodné slovo.

    8 He didn't send me the money. He me really angry.
    3 We need more staff. We must new employees.
    10 There was no meeting yesterday. It was called .
    2 He applied a job, but he wasn't accepted.
    9 It's hard to get along with her. She angry very often.
    1 What does he do for a ? – He works as a teacher.
    7 John hasn't found a job yet. He is still .
    5 These jobs are not well . You won't make much money.
    6 Why did she her job? – Her salary was too low.
    4 He worked a programmer but was fired.

    Exercise 13

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    • Řekněte podle nápovědy anglicky, co (si) kdo nechal či dal udělat.

    3 they, room, clean
    4 he, fire her
    5 we, food, bring to our room
    6 she, hair, cut
    8 we, the table, make
    1 I, car, repair
    7 he, his jacket, wash
    2 my parents, new house, build

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte. Kde lze, použijte trpný rod.

    7 Jak se to dělá?
    3 Dělám sám na sebe.
    11 Vyrábí se tam auta.
    17 Dostal padáka.
    14 Rezervace byla zrušena.
    16 Musím si ti nechat opravit.
    18 Dvě třetiny z nich dostaly přidáno.
    6 Byli potrestáni.
    15 Prodalo se 1000 aut.
    8 Najali 5 pracovníků.
    1 Čím se živíte?
    10 V Británii se mluví anglicky.
    4 Byl povýšen.
    5 Jak se to nazývá anglicky?
    13 Zvykl jsem si na to.
    12 Dostala padáka.
    2 Pracuji jako účetní.
    9 Ukradli mu auto.

    Sloveso fire (vyhodit z práce) je běžné, ale spíše hovorové. Znamená též mimo jiné vypálit, vystřelit (ze zbraně ap.). Formální termín pro propustit (z práce) je dismiss dɪsˈmɪs. Např. He was dismissed. - Byl propuštěn.