Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    10 This word is not used often.
    11 He's employed by our company.
    5 He started his own business.
    2 I work for myself.
    12 They were fired.
    8 What is it called in English?
    4 He makes a lot of money.
    6 She applied for a job.
    9 The e-mail was sent yesterday.
    3 I'm an employee.
    7 What is meant by that?
    1 What do you do for a living?

    Už znáte užití koncovky -er - váže se k subjektu, jenž něco činí, např. employer, worker. Podobně funguje u některých sloves koncovka -or např.: translate (přeložit) - translator (překladatel) ap. Všimněte si též koncovky -ee např. u slova employee. Ta se naopak užívá u osoby, která je činnosti podrobena. Např. interviewer (dotazovatel) - interviewee (dotazovaný - u pohovoru ap.).

    Exercise 2

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    1 Jane works for herself.
    4 Less than 50 workers work for the company.
    5 Some workers lost their jobs.
    7 I make more money now.
    3 Bob doesn't work for a British company now.
    8 John has already found a job.
    2 Mark works on a computer.
    6 Jack got the job.

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 The food will go bad.
    • 2 She got fired.
    • 3 I'm getting thirsty.
    • 4 It makes me angry.
    • 5 He got angry.
    • 6 It's not getting better.
    • 7 It's getting cold.
    • 8 He should get used to it.
    • g Dostala padáka.
    • h Štve mě to.
    • c Jídlo se zkazí.
    • f Naštval se.
    • a Ochlazuje se.
    • b Dostávám žízeň.
    • e Měl by si na to zvyknout.
    • d Nelepší se to.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    9 He gets angry very often. It's hard to get by/along/after with him.
    4 He was often late for work. So he was fired/accepted/employed.
    1 She works like/as/such as a teacher. She teaches English.
    3 He got the job – Oh really? I'm so nice/glad/fine to hear that.
    6 They were fired last month and they are still employed/jobless/applied.
    11 They needed more workers. They took out/for/on new staff.
    10 Our plane takes on/out/off at 10 a.m.
    8 I'm very tired. I need to take/get/give some sleep.
    2 He applied for a job, but he wasn't taken/received/accepted.
    5 She didn't like her job. She decided to apply/get off/quit.
    7 He'll be promoted and get a pay rise/loss/raise.

    Nezaměňujte anglické termíny salary, wage a pay. Salary je pravidelný měsíční plat. Wage je mzda (hl. placená od hodiny, týdně ap.). Pay je plat či výplata, tedy vyplácené peníze. Např. pay day je den výplaty ap. Obecný formální termín pro odměnu (či odměňování) za práci je většinou remuneration rɪˌmjuːnəˈreɪʃən.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte správné tvary trpného rodu.

    2 The house sell last week.
    9 I don't understand it. The messages write in Chinese.
    10 Over 20 new workers take on last month.
    7 You'll understand. English and French speak there.
    3 We can't go there. We not invite .
    8 This meat eat cooked.
    6 The job pay well . You can make a lot of money.
    4 He left his car there and it steal .
    5 My car has broken down. It needs to repair .
    1 I don't know its name. What it call ?

    Užitečný obrat s trpným rodem je: be held - konat se (má podobný význam jako nám již známé take place). Např.: A meeting was held. - Konala se schůzka. ap. Hold znamená držet, ale také pořádat či konat. Pozor! Hold je nepravidelné sloveso s tvary: Past tense (PT) - held hεld a Past participle (PP) - held hεld.

    Exercise 6

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    • Řekněte anglicky s použitím částice to. Využijte nápovědu.

    7 Mám jiné věci na práci. other things
    10 Promiňte, že vás obtěžuji. bother
    1 Byla překvapená, že mě vidí. surprised
    4 To rád slyším. glad
    5 Je toho tady hodně k vidění. a lot
    2 Očekávám, že nám pomůžete. expect you
    9 Měl štěstí, že našel práci. lucky
    6 Znám místo, kde se dá skvěle najíst. great place
    8 Předstírala, že neví. pretend, not
    3 Byl první, kdo to věděl. first

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte výroky s přibližně stejným významem.

    • 1 She was fired.
    • 2 She's got a pay rise.
    • 3 He's jobless.
    • 4 She's looking for a job.
    • 5 He's been promoted.
    • 6 She works for herself.
    • 7 He applied for a job.
    • 8 He quit his job.
    • b She's her own boss.
    • h He's better off now.
    • a He's unemployed.
    • d She's better paid now.
    • f She's trying to find employment.
    • c He sent a job application.
    • g She lost her job.
    • e He stopped working there.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte druhou větu tak, aby měla opačný význam než věta první.

    1 It's getting better. – It's getting .
    9 Can you take me to the airport? – Can you me up at the airport?
    2 The keys were lost. – The keys were .
    6 She lost her job. – She a new job.
    5 He's jobless. – He's .
    8 My car is repaired. – My car is .
    3 They hired 5 workers. – They 5 workers.
    4 They got married. – They got .
    7 He bought the car last year. – He the car last year.
    10 When does the plane land? – When does the plane off?

    Exercise 9

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    • Utvořte věty stejného významu pomocí trpného rodu.

    1 They saw her there.
    11 Somebody lost the keys.
    5 They made him do it.
    13 They hired two employees.
    9 You can eat it.
    12 Nobody ever found it.
    8 They gave us some money.
    10 Rich people buy these cars.
    14 Our company employed him.
    7 They say that she is beautiful.
    6 He promoted her.
    2 Many workers use it.
    3 She sent the message.
    4 Someone told him to do it.

    He is wanted. je česky: Hledá ho policie. (zločince ap.). Help wanted. znamená: Přijmeme výpomoc. (brigádníka ap.).

    Exercise 10

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    • Přečtěte a napište celými slovy anglicky.

    12 3,650,500
    6 53
    3 5/9
    11 0.25
    4 1/2
    9 35 - 20 = 15
    7 106
    2 3/4
    1 2/3
    10 27 : 9 = 3
    8 55 + 55 = 110
    5 32

    Exercise 11

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    • Přeložte změny stavu become, get, go, grow, turn. Využijte nápovědu.

    2 Na to si zvykneš. used to
    13 Počítač (se) zpomaluje. slow
    10 Dostávám žízeň. thirsty
    1 Stmívá se. dark
    9 Dostali jsme hlad. hungry
    11 Rozčílil se. angry
    4 Lepšíš se. better
    8 To jídlo se zkazí. bad
    14 Začal jsem mít strach. afraid
    6 Začíná to být těžké. difficult
    15 Přestává mě to bavit. tired
    5 Počasí se zhoršilo. worse
    12 Zmokneš. wet
    7 Proslavila se. famous
    3 Opili se. drunk
    16 Brzy se unavila. tired

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte vhodné slovo.

    4 He worked a programmer but was fired.
    8 He didn't send me the money. He me really angry.
    5 These jobs are not well . You won't make much money.
    3 We need more staff. We must new employees.
    10 There was no meeting yesterday. It was called .
    6 Why did she her job? – Her salary was too low.
    7 John hasn't found a job yet. He is still .
    2 He applied a job, but he wasn't accepted.
    9 It's hard to get along with her. She angry very often.
    1 What does he do for a ? – He works as a teacher.

    Exercise 13

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    • Řekněte podle nápovědy anglicky, co (si) kdo nechal či dal udělat.

    3 they, room, clean
    6 she, hair, cut
    5 we, food, bring to our room
    7 he, his jacket, wash
    4 he, fire her
    1 I, car, repair
    8 we, the table, make
    2 my parents, new house, build

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte. Kde lze, použijte trpný rod.

    4 Byl povýšen.
    8 Najali 5 pracovníků.
    6 Byli potrestáni.
    12 Dostala padáka.
    2 Pracuji jako účetní.
    16 Musím si ti nechat opravit.
    14 Rezervace byla zrušena.
    13 Zvykl jsem si na to.
    15 Prodalo se 1000 aut.
    3 Dělám sám na sebe.
    9 Ukradli mu auto.
    5 Jak se to nazývá anglicky?
    10 V Británii se mluví anglicky.
    18 Dvě třetiny z nich dostaly přidáno.
    1 Čím se živíte?
    11 Vyrábí se tam auta.
    17 Dostal padáka.
    7 Jak se to dělá?

    Sloveso fire (vyhodit z práce) je běžné, ale spíše hovorové. Znamená též mimo jiné vypálit, vystřelit (ze zbraně ap.). Formální termín pro propustit (z práce) je dismiss dɪsˈmɪs. Např. He was dismissed. - Byl propuštěn.