Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    7 What is meant by that?
    11 He's employed by our company.
    9 The e-mail was sent yesterday.
    4 He makes a lot of money.
    8 What is it called in English?
    1 What do you do for a living?
    10 This word is not used often.
    3 I'm an employee.
    12 They were fired.
    2 I work for myself.
    5 He started his own business.
    6 She applied for a job.

    Už znáte užití koncovky -er - váže se k subjektu, jenž něco činí, např. employer, worker. Podobně funguje u některých sloves koncovka -or např.: translate (přeložit) - translator (překladatel) ap. Všimněte si též koncovky -ee např. u slova employee. Ta se naopak užívá u osoby, která je činnosti podrobena. Např. interviewer (dotazovatel) - interviewee (dotazovaný - u pohovoru ap.).

    Exercise 2

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    8 John has already found a job.
    6 Jack got the job.
    2 Mark works on a computer.
    4 Less than 50 workers work for the company.
    5 Some workers lost their jobs.
    7 I make more money now.
    1 Jane works for herself.
    3 Bob doesn't work for a British company now.

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 The food will go bad.
    • 2 She got fired.
    • 3 I'm getting thirsty.
    • 4 It makes me angry.
    • 5 He got angry.
    • 6 It's not getting better.
    • 7 It's getting cold.
    • 8 He should get used to it.
    • a Ochlazuje se.
    • c Jídlo se zkazí.
    • f Naštval se.
    • e Měl by si na to zvyknout.
    • d Nelepší se to.
    • g Dostala padáka.
    • h Štve mě to.
    • b Dostávám žízeň.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    6 They were fired last month and they are still employed/jobless/applied.
    4 He was often late for work. So he was fired/accepted/employed.
    3 He got the job – Oh really? I'm so nice/glad/fine to hear that.
    11 They needed more workers. They took out/for/on new staff.
    1 She works like/as/such as a teacher. She teaches English.
    8 I'm very tired. I need to take/get/give some sleep.
    7 He'll be promoted and get a pay rise/loss/raise.
    10 Our plane takes on/out/off at 10 a.m.
    9 He gets angry very often. It's hard to get by/along/after with him.
    2 He applied for a job, but he wasn't taken/received/accepted.
    5 She didn't like her job. She decided to apply/get off/quit.

    Nezaměňujte anglické termíny salary, wage a pay. Salary je pravidelný měsíční plat. Wage je mzda (hl. placená od hodiny, týdně ap.). Pay je plat či výplata, tedy vyplácené peníze. Např. pay day je den výplaty ap. Obecný formální termín pro odměnu (či odměňování) za práci je většinou remuneration rɪˌmjuːnəˈreɪʃən.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte správné tvary trpného rodu.

    2 The house sell last week.
    1 I don't know its name. What it call ?
    7 You'll understand. English and French speak there.
    5 My car has broken down. It needs to repair .
    10 Over 20 new workers take on last month.
    8 This meat eat cooked.
    3 We can't go there. We not invite .
    6 The job pay well . You can make a lot of money.
    9 I don't understand it. The messages write in Chinese.
    4 He left his car there and it steal .

    Užitečný obrat s trpným rodem je: be held - konat se (má podobný význam jako nám již známé take place). Např.: A meeting was held. - Konala se schůzka. ap. Hold znamená držet, ale také pořádat či konat. Pozor! Hold je nepravidelné sloveso s tvary: Past tense (PT) - held hεld a Past participle (PP) - held hεld.

    Exercise 6

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    • Řekněte anglicky s použitím částice to. Využijte nápovědu.

    1 Byla překvapená, že mě vidí. surprised
    8 Předstírala, že neví. pretend, not
    9 Měl štěstí, že našel práci. lucky
    10 Promiňte, že vás obtěžuji. bother
    5 Je toho tady hodně k vidění. a lot
    6 Znám místo, kde se dá skvěle najíst. great place
    3 Byl první, kdo to věděl. first
    4 To rád slyším. glad
    7 Mám jiné věci na práci. other things
    2 Očekávám, že nám pomůžete. expect you

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte výroky s přibližně stejným významem.

    • 1 She was fired.
    • 2 She's got a pay rise.
    • 3 He's jobless.
    • 4 She's looking for a job.
    • 5 He's been promoted.
    • 6 She works for herself.
    • 7 He applied for a job.
    • 8 He quit his job.
    • a He's unemployed.
    • g She lost her job.
    • d She's better paid now.
    • h He's better off now.
    • c He sent a job application.
    • b She's her own boss.
    • f She's trying to find employment.
    • e He stopped working there.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte druhou větu tak, aby měla opačný význam než věta první.

    9 Can you take me to the airport? – Can you me up at the airport?
    8 My car is repaired. – My car is .
    4 They got married. – They got .
    2 The keys were lost. – The keys were .
    10 When does the plane land? – When does the plane off?
    7 He bought the car last year. – He the car last year.
    5 He's jobless. – He's .
    6 She lost her job. – She a new job.
    3 They hired 5 workers. – They 5 workers.
    1 It's getting better. – It's getting .

    Exercise 9

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    • Utvořte věty stejného významu pomocí trpného rodu.

    3 She sent the message.
    4 Someone told him to do it.
    2 Many workers use it.
    1 They saw her there.
    11 Somebody lost the keys.
    10 Rich people buy these cars.
    5 They made him do it.
    12 Nobody ever found it.
    7 They say that she is beautiful.
    13 They hired two employees.
    8 They gave us some money.
    6 He promoted her.
    14 Our company employed him.
    9 You can eat it.

    He is wanted. je česky: Hledá ho policie. (zločince ap.). Help wanted. znamená: Přijmeme výpomoc. (brigádníka ap.).

    Exercise 10

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    • Přečtěte a napište celými slovy anglicky.

    11 0.25
    10 27 : 9 = 3
    12 3,650,500
    4 1/2
    3 5/9
    6 53
    1 2/3
    5 32
    2 3/4
    9 35 - 20 = 15
    8 55 + 55 = 110
    7 106

    Exercise 11

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    • Přeložte změny stavu become, get, go, grow, turn. Využijte nápovědu.

    8 To jídlo se zkazí. bad
    9 Dostali jsme hlad. hungry
    12 Zmokneš. wet
    6 Začíná to být těžké. difficult
    2 Na to si zvykneš. used to
    10 Dostávám žízeň. thirsty
    7 Proslavila se. famous
    3 Opili se. drunk
    13 Počítač (se) zpomaluje. slow
    11 Rozčílil se. angry
    14 Začal jsem mít strach. afraid
    16 Brzy se unavila. tired
    15 Přestává mě to bavit. tired
    1 Stmívá se. dark
    4 Lepšíš se. better
    5 Počasí se zhoršilo. worse

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte vhodné slovo.

    6 Why did she her job? – Her salary was too low.
    8 He didn't send me the money. He me really angry.
    5 These jobs are not well . You won't make much money.
    10 There was no meeting yesterday. It was called .
    3 We need more staff. We must new employees.
    1 What does he do for a ? – He works as a teacher.
    7 John hasn't found a job yet. He is still .
    4 He worked a programmer but was fired.
    2 He applied a job, but he wasn't accepted.
    9 It's hard to get along with her. She angry very often.

    Exercise 13

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    • Řekněte podle nápovědy anglicky, co (si) kdo nechal či dal udělat.

    2 my parents, new house, build
    6 she, hair, cut
    5 we, food, bring to our room
    7 he, his jacket, wash
    4 he, fire her
    3 they, room, clean
    1 I, car, repair
    8 we, the table, make

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte. Kde lze, použijte trpný rod.

    5 Jak se to nazývá anglicky?
    11 Vyrábí se tam auta.
    13 Zvykl jsem si na to.
    6 Byli potrestáni.
    10 V Británii se mluví anglicky.
    16 Musím si ti nechat opravit.
    14 Rezervace byla zrušena.
    2 Pracuji jako účetní.
    15 Prodalo se 1000 aut.
    9 Ukradli mu auto.
    1 Čím se živíte?
    12 Dostala padáka.
    4 Byl povýšen.
    7 Jak se to dělá?
    18 Dvě třetiny z nich dostaly přidáno.
    3 Dělám sám na sebe.
    17 Dostal padáka.
    8 Najali 5 pracovníků.

    Sloveso fire (vyhodit z práce) je běžné, ale spíše hovorové. Znamená též mimo jiné vypálit, vystřelit (ze zbraně ap.). Formální termín pro propustit (z práce) je dismiss dɪsˈmɪs. Např. He was dismissed. - Byl propuštěn.