Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    6 She applied for a job.
    7 What is meant by that?
    8 What is it called in English?
    1 What do you do for a living?
    12 They were fired.
    9 The e-mail was sent yesterday.
    2 I work for myself.
    5 He started his own business.
    3 I'm an employee.
    4 He makes a lot of money.
    11 He's employed by our company.
    10 This word is not used often.

    Už znáte užití koncovky -er - váže se k subjektu, jenž něco činí, např. employer, worker. Podobně funguje u některých sloves koncovka -or např.: translate (přeložit) - translator (překladatel) ap. Všimněte si též koncovky -ee např. u slova employee. Ta se naopak užívá u osoby, která je činnosti podrobena. Např. interviewer (dotazovatel) - interviewee (dotazovaný - u pohovoru ap.).

    Exercise 2

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    1 Jane works for herself.
    5 Some workers lost their jobs.
    2 Mark works on a computer.
    3 Bob doesn't work for a British company now.
    7 I make more money now.
    6 Jack got the job.
    8 John has already found a job.
    4 Less than 50 workers work for the company.

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 The food will go bad.
    • 2 She got fired.
    • 3 I'm getting thirsty.
    • 4 It makes me angry.
    • 5 He got angry.
    • 6 It's not getting better.
    • 7 It's getting cold.
    • 8 He should get used to it.
    • e Měl by si na to zvyknout.
    • c Jídlo se zkazí.
    • g Dostala padáka.
    • b Dostávám žízeň.
    • f Naštval se.
    • a Ochlazuje se.
    • h Štve mě to.
    • d Nelepší se to.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    7 He'll be promoted and get a pay rise/loss/raise.
    4 He was often late for work. So he was fired/accepted/employed.
    8 I'm very tired. I need to take/get/give some sleep.
    10 Our plane takes on/out/off at 10 a.m.
    2 He applied for a job, but he wasn't taken/received/accepted.
    11 They needed more workers. They took out/for/on new staff.
    6 They were fired last month and they are still employed/jobless/applied.
    3 He got the job – Oh really? I'm so nice/glad/fine to hear that.
    1 She works like/as/such as a teacher. She teaches English.
    5 She didn't like her job. She decided to apply/get off/quit.
    9 He gets angry very often. It's hard to get by/along/after with him.

    Nezaměňujte anglické termíny salary, wage a pay. Salary je pravidelný měsíční plat. Wage je mzda (hl. placená od hodiny, týdně ap.). Pay je plat či výplata, tedy vyplácené peníze. Např. pay day je den výplaty ap. Obecný formální termín pro odměnu (či odměňování) za práci je většinou remuneration rɪˌmjuːnəˈreɪʃən.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte správné tvary trpného rodu.

    9 I don't understand it. The messages write in Chinese.
    4 He left his car there and it steal .
    2 The house sell last week.
    7 You'll understand. English and French speak there.
    3 We can't go there. We not invite .
    5 My car has broken down. It needs to repair .
    10 Over 20 new workers take on last month.
    8 This meat eat cooked.
    6 The job pay well . You can make a lot of money.
    1 I don't know its name. What it call ?

    Užitečný obrat s trpným rodem je: be held - konat se (má podobný význam jako nám již známé take place). Např.: A meeting was held. - Konala se schůzka. ap. Hold znamená držet, ale také pořádat či konat. Pozor! Hold je nepravidelné sloveso s tvary: Past tense (PT) - held hεld a Past participle (PP) - held hεld.

    Exercise 6

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    • Řekněte anglicky s použitím částice to. Využijte nápovědu.

    9 Měl štěstí, že našel práci. lucky
    10 Promiňte, že vás obtěžuji. bother
    2 Očekávám, že nám pomůžete. expect you
    8 Předstírala, že neví. pretend, not
    6 Znám místo, kde se dá skvěle najíst. great place
    4 To rád slyším. glad
    3 Byl první, kdo to věděl. first
    5 Je toho tady hodně k vidění. a lot
    1 Byla překvapená, že mě vidí. surprised
    7 Mám jiné věci na práci. other things

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte výroky s přibližně stejným významem.

    • 1 She was fired.
    • 2 She's got a pay rise.
    • 3 He's jobless.
    • 4 She's looking for a job.
    • 5 He's been promoted.
    • 6 She works for herself.
    • 7 He applied for a job.
    • 8 He quit his job.
    • g She lost her job.
    • b She's her own boss.
    • d She's better paid now.
    • a He's unemployed.
    • c He sent a job application.
    • h He's better off now.
    • e He stopped working there.
    • f She's trying to find employment.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte druhou větu tak, aby měla opačný význam než věta první.

    10 When does the plane land? – When does the plane off?
    7 He bought the car last year. – He the car last year.
    8 My car is repaired. – My car is .
    2 The keys were lost. – The keys were .
    5 He's jobless. – He's .
    9 Can you take me to the airport? – Can you me up at the airport?
    1 It's getting better. – It's getting .
    3 They hired 5 workers. – They 5 workers.
    4 They got married. – They got .
    6 She lost her job. – She a new job.

    Exercise 9

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    • Utvořte věty stejného významu pomocí trpného rodu.

    14 Our company employed him.
    9 You can eat it.
    13 They hired two employees.
    10 Rich people buy these cars.
    11 Somebody lost the keys.
    8 They gave us some money.
    1 They saw her there.
    3 She sent the message.
    5 They made him do it.
    12 Nobody ever found it.
    6 He promoted her.
    2 Many workers use it.
    7 They say that she is beautiful.
    4 Someone told him to do it.

    He is wanted. je česky: Hledá ho policie. (zločince ap.). Help wanted. znamená: Přijmeme výpomoc. (brigádníka ap.).

    Exercise 10

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    • Přečtěte a napište celými slovy anglicky.

    7 106
    9 35 - 20 = 15
    5 32
    8 55 + 55 = 110
    4 1/2
    11 0.25
    12 3,650,500
    3 5/9
    1 2/3
    2 3/4
    6 53
    10 27 : 9 = 3

    Exercise 11

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    • Přeložte změny stavu become, get, go, grow, turn. Využijte nápovědu.

    12 Zmokneš. wet
    3 Opili se. drunk
    1 Stmívá se. dark
    4 Lepšíš se. better
    13 Počítač (se) zpomaluje. slow
    6 Začíná to být těžké. difficult
    5 Počasí se zhoršilo. worse
    9 Dostali jsme hlad. hungry
    7 Proslavila se. famous
    14 Začal jsem mít strach. afraid
    8 To jídlo se zkazí. bad
    16 Brzy se unavila. tired
    11 Rozčílil se. angry
    2 Na to si zvykneš. used to
    10 Dostávám žízeň. thirsty
    15 Přestává mě to bavit. tired

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte vhodné slovo.

    8 He didn't send me the money. He me really angry.
    9 It's hard to get along with her. She angry very often.
    10 There was no meeting yesterday. It was called .
    3 We need more staff. We must new employees.
    6 Why did she her job? – Her salary was too low.
    2 He applied a job, but he wasn't accepted.
    7 John hasn't found a job yet. He is still .
    5 These jobs are not well . You won't make much money.
    4 He worked a programmer but was fired.
    1 What does he do for a ? – He works as a teacher.

    Exercise 13

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    • Řekněte podle nápovědy anglicky, co (si) kdo nechal či dal udělat.

    3 they, room, clean
    7 he, his jacket, wash
    6 she, hair, cut
    1 I, car, repair
    8 we, the table, make
    4 he, fire her
    2 my parents, new house, build
    5 we, food, bring to our room

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte. Kde lze, použijte trpný rod.

    1 Čím se živíte?
    17 Dostal padáka.
    9 Ukradli mu auto.
    12 Dostala padáka.
    11 Vyrábí se tam auta.
    2 Pracuji jako účetní.
    16 Musím si ti nechat opravit.
    18 Dvě třetiny z nich dostaly přidáno.
    14 Rezervace byla zrušena.
    7 Jak se to dělá?
    10 V Británii se mluví anglicky.
    6 Byli potrestáni.
    3 Dělám sám na sebe.
    4 Byl povýšen.
    13 Zvykl jsem si na to.
    5 Jak se to nazývá anglicky?
    8 Najali 5 pracovníků.
    15 Prodalo se 1000 aut.

    Sloveso fire (vyhodit z práce) je běžné, ale spíše hovorové. Znamená též mimo jiné vypálit, vystřelit (ze zbraně ap.). Formální termín pro propustit (z práce) je dismiss dɪsˈmɪs. Např. He was dismissed. - Byl propuštěn.