Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    2 I work for myself.
    6 She applied for a job.
    10 This word is not used often.
    3 I'm an employee.
    7 What is meant by that?
    5 He started his own business.
    4 He makes a lot of money.
    12 They were fired.
    11 He's employed by our company.
    8 What is it called in English?
    1 What do you do for a living?
    9 The e-mail was sent yesterday.

    Už znáte užití koncovky -er - váže se k subjektu, jenž něco činí, např. employer, worker. Podobně funguje u některých sloves koncovka -or např.: translate (přeložit) - translator (překladatel) ap. Všimněte si též koncovky -ee např. u slova employee. Ta se naopak užívá u osoby, která je činnosti podrobena. Např. interviewer (dotazovatel) - interviewee (dotazovaný - u pohovoru ap.).

    Exercise 2

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    3 Bob doesn't work for a British company now.
    6 Jack got the job.
    5 Some workers lost their jobs.
    4 Less than 50 workers work for the company.
    7 I make more money now.
    1 Jane works for herself.
    8 John has already found a job.
    2 Mark works on a computer.

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 The food will go bad.
    • 2 She got fired.
    • 3 I'm getting thirsty.
    • 4 It makes me angry.
    • 5 He got angry.
    • 6 It's not getting better.
    • 7 It's getting cold.
    • 8 He should get used to it.
    • b Dostávám žízeň.
    • c Jídlo se zkazí.
    • f Naštval se.
    • d Nelepší se to.
    • e Měl by si na to zvyknout.
    • g Dostala padáka.
    • h Štve mě to.
    • a Ochlazuje se.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    2 He applied for a job, but he wasn't taken/received/accepted.
    8 I'm very tired. I need to take/get/give some sleep.
    7 He'll be promoted and get a pay rise/loss/raise.
    11 They needed more workers. They took out/for/on new staff.
    1 She works like/as/such as a teacher. She teaches English.
    10 Our plane takes on/out/off at 10 a.m.
    5 She didn't like her job. She decided to apply/get off/quit.
    6 They were fired last month and they are still employed/jobless/applied.
    4 He was often late for work. So he was fired/accepted/employed.
    9 He gets angry very often. It's hard to get by/along/after with him.
    3 He got the job – Oh really? I'm so nice/glad/fine to hear that.

    Nezaměňujte anglické termíny salary, wage a pay. Salary je pravidelný měsíční plat. Wage je mzda (hl. placená od hodiny, týdně ap.). Pay je plat či výplata, tedy vyplácené peníze. Např. pay day je den výplaty ap. Obecný formální termín pro odměnu (či odměňování) za práci je většinou remuneration rɪˌmjuːnəˈreɪʃən.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte správné tvary trpného rodu.

    7 You'll understand. English and French speak there.
    3 We can't go there. We not invite .
    10 Over 20 new workers take on last month.
    8 This meat eat cooked.
    5 My car has broken down. It needs to repair .
    6 The job pay well . You can make a lot of money.
    1 I don't know its name. What it call ?
    9 I don't understand it. The messages write in Chinese.
    2 The house sell last week.
    4 He left his car there and it steal .

    Užitečný obrat s trpným rodem je: be held - konat se (má podobný význam jako nám již známé take place). Např.: A meeting was held. - Konala se schůzka. ap. Hold znamená držet, ale také pořádat či konat. Pozor! Hold je nepravidelné sloveso s tvary: Past tense (PT) - held hεld a Past participle (PP) - held hεld.

    Exercise 6

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    • Řekněte anglicky s použitím částice to. Využijte nápovědu.

    10 Promiňte, že vás obtěžuji. bother
    4 To rád slyším. glad
    2 Očekávám, že nám pomůžete. expect you
    5 Je toho tady hodně k vidění. a lot
    3 Byl první, kdo to věděl. first
    9 Měl štěstí, že našel práci. lucky
    7 Mám jiné věci na práci. other things
    8 Předstírala, že neví. pretend, not
    1 Byla překvapená, že mě vidí. surprised
    6 Znám místo, kde se dá skvěle najíst. great place

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte výroky s přibližně stejným významem.

    • 1 She was fired.
    • 2 She's got a pay rise.
    • 3 He's jobless.
    • 4 She's looking for a job.
    • 5 He's been promoted.
    • 6 She works for herself.
    • 7 He applied for a job.
    • 8 He quit his job.
    • d She's better paid now.
    • b She's her own boss.
    • c He sent a job application.
    • e He stopped working there.
    • h He's better off now.
    • f She's trying to find employment.
    • g She lost her job.
    • a He's unemployed.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte druhou větu tak, aby měla opačný význam než věta první.

    8 My car is repaired. – My car is .
    7 He bought the car last year. – He the car last year.
    1 It's getting better. – It's getting .
    5 He's jobless. – He's .
    2 The keys were lost. – The keys were .
    4 They got married. – They got .
    6 She lost her job. – She a new job.
    10 When does the plane land? – When does the plane off?
    9 Can you take me to the airport? – Can you me up at the airport?
    3 They hired 5 workers. – They 5 workers.

    Exercise 9

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    • Utvořte věty stejného významu pomocí trpného rodu.

    4 Someone told him to do it.
    7 They say that she is beautiful.
    6 He promoted her.
    5 They made him do it.
    2 Many workers use it.
    13 They hired two employees.
    8 They gave us some money.
    11 Somebody lost the keys.
    1 They saw her there.
    14 Our company employed him.
    3 She sent the message.
    10 Rich people buy these cars.
    12 Nobody ever found it.
    9 You can eat it.

    He is wanted. je česky: Hledá ho policie. (zločince ap.). Help wanted. znamená: Přijmeme výpomoc. (brigádníka ap.).

    Exercise 10

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    • Přečtěte a napište celými slovy anglicky.

    1 2/3
    2 3/4
    9 35 - 20 = 15
    7 106
    10 27 : 9 = 3
    6 53
    8 55 + 55 = 110
    4 1/2
    12 3,650,500
    3 5/9
    5 32
    11 0.25

    Exercise 11

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    • Přeložte změny stavu become, get, go, grow, turn. Využijte nápovědu.

    16 Brzy se unavila. tired
    5 Počasí se zhoršilo. worse
    13 Počítač (se) zpomaluje. slow
    11 Rozčílil se. angry
    4 Lepšíš se. better
    10 Dostávám žízeň. thirsty
    6 Začíná to být těžké. difficult
    9 Dostali jsme hlad. hungry
    12 Zmokneš. wet
    8 To jídlo se zkazí. bad
    7 Proslavila se. famous
    3 Opili se. drunk
    2 Na to si zvykneš. used to
    1 Stmívá se. dark
    14 Začal jsem mít strach. afraid
    15 Přestává mě to bavit. tired

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte vhodné slovo.

    7 John hasn't found a job yet. He is still .
    3 We need more staff. We must new employees.
    5 These jobs are not well . You won't make much money.
    9 It's hard to get along with her. She angry very often.
    8 He didn't send me the money. He me really angry.
    2 He applied a job, but he wasn't accepted.
    1 What does he do for a ? – He works as a teacher.
    6 Why did she her job? – Her salary was too low.
    10 There was no meeting yesterday. It was called .
    4 He worked a programmer but was fired.

    Exercise 13

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    • Řekněte podle nápovědy anglicky, co (si) kdo nechal či dal udělat.

    7 he, his jacket, wash
    6 she, hair, cut
    2 my parents, new house, build
    5 we, food, bring to our room
    3 they, room, clean
    1 I, car, repair
    4 he, fire her
    8 we, the table, make

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte. Kde lze, použijte trpný rod.

    4 Byl povýšen.
    12 Dostala padáka.
    1 Čím se živíte?
    8 Najali 5 pracovníků.
    17 Dostal padáka.
    3 Dělám sám na sebe.
    14 Rezervace byla zrušena.
    16 Musím si ti nechat opravit.
    10 V Británii se mluví anglicky.
    2 Pracuji jako účetní.
    9 Ukradli mu auto.
    11 Vyrábí se tam auta.
    6 Byli potrestáni.
    15 Prodalo se 1000 aut.
    18 Dvě třetiny z nich dostaly přidáno.
    7 Jak se to dělá?
    13 Zvykl jsem si na to.
    5 Jak se to nazývá anglicky?

    Sloveso fire (vyhodit z práce) je běžné, ale spíše hovorové. Znamená též mimo jiné vypálit, vystřelit (ze zbraně ap.). Formální termín pro propustit (z práce) je dismiss dɪsˈmɪs. Např. He was dismissed. - Byl propuštěn.