Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    5 He started his own business.
    2 I work for myself.
    10 This word is not used often.
    1 What do you do for a living?
    3 I'm an employee.
    11 He's employed by our company.
    7 What is meant by that?
    8 What is it called in English?
    4 He makes a lot of money.
    9 The e-mail was sent yesterday.
    12 They were fired.
    6 She applied for a job.

    Už znáte užití koncovky -er - váže se k subjektu, jenž něco činí, např. employer, worker. Podobně funguje u některých sloves koncovka -or např.: translate (přeložit) - translator (překladatel) ap. Všimněte si též koncovky -ee např. u slova employee. Ta se naopak užívá u osoby, která je činnosti podrobena. Např. interviewer (dotazovatel) - interviewee (dotazovaný - u pohovoru ap.).

    Exercise 2

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    7 I make more money now.
    5 Some workers lost their jobs.
    1 Jane works for herself.
    3 Bob doesn't work for a British company now.
    4 Less than 50 workers work for the company.
    6 Jack got the job.
    8 John has already found a job.
    2 Mark works on a computer.

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 The food will go bad.
    • 2 She got fired.
    • 3 I'm getting thirsty.
    • 4 It makes me angry.
    • 5 He got angry.
    • 6 It's not getting better.
    • 7 It's getting cold.
    • 8 He should get used to it.
    • c Jídlo se zkazí.
    • e Měl by si na to zvyknout.
    • g Dostala padáka.
    • a Ochlazuje se.
    • b Dostávám žízeň.
    • d Nelepší se to.
    • f Naštval se.
    • h Štve mě to.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    7 He'll be promoted and get a pay rise/loss/raise.
    1 She works like/as/such as a teacher. She teaches English.
    5 She didn't like her job. She decided to apply/get off/quit.
    11 They needed more workers. They took out/for/on new staff.
    4 He was often late for work. So he was fired/accepted/employed.
    9 He gets angry very often. It's hard to get by/along/after with him.
    2 He applied for a job, but he wasn't taken/received/accepted.
    10 Our plane takes on/out/off at 10 a.m.
    8 I'm very tired. I need to take/get/give some sleep.
    3 He got the job – Oh really? I'm so nice/glad/fine to hear that.
    6 They were fired last month and they are still employed/jobless/applied.

    Nezaměňujte anglické termíny salary, wage a pay. Salary je pravidelný měsíční plat. Wage je mzda (hl. placená od hodiny, týdně ap.). Pay je plat či výplata, tedy vyplácené peníze. Např. pay day je den výplaty ap. Obecný formální termín pro odměnu (či odměňování) za práci je většinou remuneration rɪˌmjuːnəˈreɪʃən.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte správné tvary trpného rodu.

    3 We can't go there. We not invite .
    2 The house sell last week.
    10 Over 20 new workers take on last month.
    4 He left his car there and it steal .
    6 The job pay well . You can make a lot of money.
    1 I don't know its name. What it call ?
    8 This meat eat cooked.
    7 You'll understand. English and French speak there.
    5 My car has broken down. It needs to repair .
    9 I don't understand it. The messages write in Chinese.

    Užitečný obrat s trpným rodem je: be held - konat se (má podobný význam jako nám již známé take place). Např.: A meeting was held. - Konala se schůzka. ap. Hold znamená držet, ale také pořádat či konat. Pozor! Hold je nepravidelné sloveso s tvary: Past tense (PT) - held hεld a Past participle (PP) - held hεld.

    Exercise 6

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    • Řekněte anglicky s použitím částice to. Využijte nápovědu.

    3 Byl první, kdo to věděl. first
    10 Promiňte, že vás obtěžuji. bother
    5 Je toho tady hodně k vidění. a lot
    4 To rád slyším. glad
    2 Očekávám, že nám pomůžete. expect you
    8 Předstírala, že neví. pretend, not
    6 Znám místo, kde se dá skvěle najíst. great place
    9 Měl štěstí, že našel práci. lucky
    1 Byla překvapená, že mě vidí. surprised
    7 Mám jiné věci na práci. other things

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte výroky s přibližně stejným významem.

    • 1 She was fired.
    • 2 She's got a pay rise.
    • 3 He's jobless.
    • 4 She's looking for a job.
    • 5 He's been promoted.
    • 6 She works for herself.
    • 7 He applied for a job.
    • 8 He quit his job.
    • e He stopped working there.
    • c He sent a job application.
    • d She's better paid now.
    • a He's unemployed.
    • b She's her own boss.
    • f She's trying to find employment.
    • h He's better off now.
    • g She lost her job.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte druhou větu tak, aby měla opačný význam než věta první.

    5 He's jobless. – He's .
    9 Can you take me to the airport? – Can you me up at the airport?
    10 When does the plane land? – When does the plane off?
    4 They got married. – They got .
    6 She lost her job. – She a new job.
    3 They hired 5 workers. – They 5 workers.
    8 My car is repaired. – My car is .
    1 It's getting better. – It's getting .
    7 He bought the car last year. – He the car last year.
    2 The keys were lost. – The keys were .

    Exercise 9

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    • Utvořte věty stejného významu pomocí trpného rodu.

    7 They say that she is beautiful.
    2 Many workers use it.
    9 You can eat it.
    1 They saw her there.
    5 They made him do it.
    6 He promoted her.
    3 She sent the message.
    12 Nobody ever found it.
    10 Rich people buy these cars.
    4 Someone told him to do it.
    8 They gave us some money.
    11 Somebody lost the keys.
    14 Our company employed him.
    13 They hired two employees.

    He is wanted. je česky: Hledá ho policie. (zločince ap.). Help wanted. znamená: Přijmeme výpomoc. (brigádníka ap.).

    Exercise 10

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    • Přečtěte a napište celými slovy anglicky.

    10 27 : 9 = 3
    5 32
    6 53
    2 3/4
    9 35 - 20 = 15
    7 106
    8 55 + 55 = 110
    4 1/2
    1 2/3
    11 0.25
    12 3,650,500
    3 5/9

    Exercise 11

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    • Přeložte změny stavu become, get, go, grow, turn. Využijte nápovědu.

    14 Začal jsem mít strach. afraid
    15 Přestává mě to bavit. tired
    5 Počasí se zhoršilo. worse
    3 Opili se. drunk
    8 To jídlo se zkazí. bad
    1 Stmívá se. dark
    13 Počítač (se) zpomaluje. slow
    4 Lepšíš se. better
    16 Brzy se unavila. tired
    9 Dostali jsme hlad. hungry
    12 Zmokneš. wet
    6 Začíná to být těžké. difficult
    7 Proslavila se. famous
    2 Na to si zvykneš. used to
    11 Rozčílil se. angry
    10 Dostávám žízeň. thirsty

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte vhodné slovo.

    8 He didn't send me the money. He me really angry.
    9 It's hard to get along with her. She angry very often.
    1 What does he do for a ? – He works as a teacher.
    3 We need more staff. We must new employees.
    5 These jobs are not well . You won't make much money.
    6 Why did she her job? – Her salary was too low.
    2 He applied a job, but he wasn't accepted.
    10 There was no meeting yesterday. It was called .
    7 John hasn't found a job yet. He is still .
    4 He worked a programmer but was fired.

    Exercise 13

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    • Řekněte podle nápovědy anglicky, co (si) kdo nechal či dal udělat.

    5 we, food, bring to our room
    3 they, room, clean
    6 she, hair, cut
    7 he, his jacket, wash
    1 I, car, repair
    8 we, the table, make
    2 my parents, new house, build
    4 he, fire her

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte. Kde lze, použijte trpný rod.

    10 V Británii se mluví anglicky.
    16 Musím si ti nechat opravit.
    18 Dvě třetiny z nich dostaly přidáno.
    5 Jak se to nazývá anglicky?
    2 Pracuji jako účetní.
    1 Čím se živíte?
    3 Dělám sám na sebe.
    15 Prodalo se 1000 aut.
    8 Najali 5 pracovníků.
    11 Vyrábí se tam auta.
    6 Byli potrestáni.
    17 Dostal padáka.
    14 Rezervace byla zrušena.
    9 Ukradli mu auto.
    7 Jak se to dělá?
    13 Zvykl jsem si na to.
    12 Dostala padáka.
    4 Byl povýšen.

    Sloveso fire (vyhodit z práce) je běžné, ale spíše hovorové. Znamená též mimo jiné vypálit, vystřelit (ze zbraně ap.). Formální termín pro propustit (z práce) je dismiss dɪsˈmɪs. Např. He was dismissed. - Byl propuštěn.