Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    6 She applied for a job.
    9 The e-mail was sent yesterday.
    12 They were fired.
    7 What is meant by that?
    10 This word is not used often.
    11 He's employed by our company.
    4 He makes a lot of money.
    5 He started his own business.
    8 What is it called in English?
    1 What do you do for a living?
    3 I'm an employee.
    2 I work for myself.

    Už znáte užití koncovky -er - váže se k subjektu, jenž něco činí, např. employer, worker. Podobně funguje u některých sloves koncovka -or např.: translate (přeložit) - translator (překladatel) ap. Všimněte si též koncovky -ee např. u slova employee. Ta se naopak užívá u osoby, která je činnosti podrobena. Např. interviewer (dotazovatel) - interviewee (dotazovaný - u pohovoru ap.).

    Exercise 2

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    2 Mark works on a computer.
    1 Jane works for herself.
    3 Bob doesn't work for a British company now.
    8 John has already found a job.
    5 Some workers lost their jobs.
    6 Jack got the job.
    4 Less than 50 workers work for the company.
    7 I make more money now.

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 The food will go bad.
    • 2 She got fired.
    • 3 I'm getting thirsty.
    • 4 It makes me angry.
    • 5 He got angry.
    • 6 It's not getting better.
    • 7 It's getting cold.
    • 8 He should get used to it.
    • e Měl by si na to zvyknout.
    • h Štve mě to.
    • b Dostávám žízeň.
    • d Nelepší se to.
    • a Ochlazuje se.
    • g Dostala padáka.
    • f Naštval se.
    • c Jídlo se zkazí.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    6 They were fired last month and they are still employed/jobless/applied.
    11 They needed more workers. They took out/for/on new staff.
    1 She works like/as/such as a teacher. She teaches English.
    9 He gets angry very often. It's hard to get by/along/after with him.
    10 Our plane takes on/out/off at 10 a.m.
    8 I'm very tired. I need to take/get/give some sleep.
    4 He was often late for work. So he was fired/accepted/employed.
    5 She didn't like her job. She decided to apply/get off/quit.
    2 He applied for a job, but he wasn't taken/received/accepted.
    3 He got the job – Oh really? I'm so nice/glad/fine to hear that.
    7 He'll be promoted and get a pay rise/loss/raise.

    Nezaměňujte anglické termíny salary, wage a pay. Salary je pravidelný měsíční plat. Wage je mzda (hl. placená od hodiny, týdně ap.). Pay je plat či výplata, tedy vyplácené peníze. Např. pay day je den výplaty ap. Obecný formální termín pro odměnu (či odměňování) za práci je většinou remuneration rɪˌmjuːnəˈreɪʃən.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte správné tvary trpného rodu.

    10 Over 20 new workers take on last month.
    9 I don't understand it. The messages write in Chinese.
    4 He left his car there and it steal .
    3 We can't go there. We not invite .
    2 The house sell last week.
    5 My car has broken down. It needs to repair .
    8 This meat eat cooked.
    7 You'll understand. English and French speak there.
    1 I don't know its name. What it call ?
    6 The job pay well . You can make a lot of money.

    Užitečný obrat s trpným rodem je: be held - konat se (má podobný význam jako nám již známé take place). Např.: A meeting was held. - Konala se schůzka. ap. Hold znamená držet, ale také pořádat či konat. Pozor! Hold je nepravidelné sloveso s tvary: Past tense (PT) - held hεld a Past participle (PP) - held hεld.

    Exercise 6

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    • Řekněte anglicky s použitím částice to. Využijte nápovědu.

    9 Měl štěstí, že našel práci. lucky
    7 Mám jiné věci na práci. other things
    6 Znám místo, kde se dá skvěle najíst. great place
    1 Byla překvapená, že mě vidí. surprised
    8 Předstírala, že neví. pretend, not
    3 Byl první, kdo to věděl. first
    2 Očekávám, že nám pomůžete. expect you
    4 To rád slyším. glad
    5 Je toho tady hodně k vidění. a lot
    10 Promiňte, že vás obtěžuji. bother

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte výroky s přibližně stejným významem.

    • 1 She was fired.
    • 2 She's got a pay rise.
    • 3 He's jobless.
    • 4 She's looking for a job.
    • 5 He's been promoted.
    • 6 She works for herself.
    • 7 He applied for a job.
    • 8 He quit his job.
    • b She's her own boss.
    • e He stopped working there.
    • d She's better paid now.
    • h He's better off now.
    • a He's unemployed.
    • c He sent a job application.
    • g She lost her job.
    • f She's trying to find employment.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte druhou větu tak, aby měla opačný význam než věta první.

    3 They hired 5 workers. – They 5 workers.
    10 When does the plane land? – When does the plane off?
    9 Can you take me to the airport? – Can you me up at the airport?
    7 He bought the car last year. – He the car last year.
    4 They got married. – They got .
    6 She lost her job. – She a new job.
    1 It's getting better. – It's getting .
    2 The keys were lost. – The keys were .
    5 He's jobless. – He's .
    8 My car is repaired. – My car is .

    Exercise 9

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    • Utvořte věty stejného významu pomocí trpného rodu.

    12 Nobody ever found it.
    6 He promoted her.
    1 They saw her there.
    9 You can eat it.
    7 They say that she is beautiful.
    3 She sent the message.
    4 Someone told him to do it.
    5 They made him do it.
    13 They hired two employees.
    11 Somebody lost the keys.
    10 Rich people buy these cars.
    14 Our company employed him.
    2 Many workers use it.
    8 They gave us some money.

    He is wanted. je česky: Hledá ho policie. (zločince ap.). Help wanted. znamená: Přijmeme výpomoc. (brigádníka ap.).

    Exercise 10

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    • Přečtěte a napište celými slovy anglicky.

    11 0.25
    3 5/9
    6 53
    9 35 - 20 = 15
    12 3,650,500
    5 32
    1 2/3
    4 1/2
    10 27 : 9 = 3
    2 3/4
    8 55 + 55 = 110
    7 106

    Exercise 11

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    • Přeložte změny stavu become, get, go, grow, turn. Využijte nápovědu.

    6 Začíná to být těžké. difficult
    9 Dostali jsme hlad. hungry
    10 Dostávám žízeň. thirsty
    7 Proslavila se. famous
    3 Opili se. drunk
    12 Zmokneš. wet
    1 Stmívá se. dark
    14 Začal jsem mít strach. afraid
    13 Počítač (se) zpomaluje. slow
    2 Na to si zvykneš. used to
    4 Lepšíš se. better
    11 Rozčílil se. angry
    16 Brzy se unavila. tired
    8 To jídlo se zkazí. bad
    15 Přestává mě to bavit. tired
    5 Počasí se zhoršilo. worse

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte vhodné slovo.

    10 There was no meeting yesterday. It was called .
    3 We need more staff. We must new employees.
    5 These jobs are not well . You won't make much money.
    6 Why did she her job? – Her salary was too low.
    8 He didn't send me the money. He me really angry.
    1 What does he do for a ? – He works as a teacher.
    2 He applied a job, but he wasn't accepted.
    7 John hasn't found a job yet. He is still .
    4 He worked a programmer but was fired.
    9 It's hard to get along with her. She angry very often.

    Exercise 13

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    • Řekněte podle nápovědy anglicky, co (si) kdo nechal či dal udělat.

    1 I, car, repair
    4 he, fire her
    7 he, his jacket, wash
    5 we, food, bring to our room
    8 we, the table, make
    3 they, room, clean
    2 my parents, new house, build
    6 she, hair, cut

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte. Kde lze, použijte trpný rod.

    7 Jak se to dělá?
    10 V Británii se mluví anglicky.
    6 Byli potrestáni.
    12 Dostala padáka.
    13 Zvykl jsem si na to.
    4 Byl povýšen.
    3 Dělám sám na sebe.
    16 Musím si ti nechat opravit.
    2 Pracuji jako účetní.
    8 Najali 5 pracovníků.
    9 Ukradli mu auto.
    18 Dvě třetiny z nich dostaly přidáno.
    1 Čím se živíte?
    5 Jak se to nazývá anglicky?
    14 Rezervace byla zrušena.
    15 Prodalo se 1000 aut.
    11 Vyrábí se tam auta.
    17 Dostal padáka.

    Sloveso fire (vyhodit z práce) je běžné, ale spíše hovorové. Znamená též mimo jiné vypálit, vystřelit (ze zbraně ap.). Formální termín pro propustit (z práce) je dismiss dɪsˈmɪs. Např. He was dismissed. - Byl propuštěn.