Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    1 What do you do for a living?
    11 He's employed by our company.
    5 He started his own business.
    10 This word is not used often.
    3 I'm an employee.
    6 She applied for a job.
    7 What is meant by that?
    12 They were fired.
    9 The e-mail was sent yesterday.
    8 What is it called in English?
    4 He makes a lot of money.
    2 I work for myself.

    Už znáte užití koncovky -er - váže se k subjektu, jenž něco činí, např. employer, worker. Podobně funguje u některých sloves koncovka -or např.: translate (přeložit) - translator (překladatel) ap. Všimněte si též koncovky -ee např. u slova employee. Ta se naopak užívá u osoby, která je činnosti podrobena. Např. interviewer (dotazovatel) - interviewee (dotazovaný - u pohovoru ap.).

    Exercise 2

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    6 Jack got the job.
    4 Less than 50 workers work for the company.
    7 I make more money now.
    1 Jane works for herself.
    2 Mark works on a computer.
    8 John has already found a job.
    5 Some workers lost their jobs.
    3 Bob doesn't work for a British company now.

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 The food will go bad.
    • 2 She got fired.
    • 3 I'm getting thirsty.
    • 4 It makes me angry.
    • 5 He got angry.
    • 6 It's not getting better.
    • 7 It's getting cold.
    • 8 He should get used to it.
    • d Nelepší se to.
    • a Ochlazuje se.
    • e Měl by si na to zvyknout.
    • g Dostala padáka.
    • b Dostávám žízeň.
    • h Štve mě to.
    • c Jídlo se zkazí.
    • f Naštval se.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    11 They needed more workers. They took out/for/on new staff.
    7 He'll be promoted and get a pay rise/loss/raise.
    6 They were fired last month and they are still employed/jobless/applied.
    2 He applied for a job, but he wasn't taken/received/accepted.
    5 She didn't like her job. She decided to apply/get off/quit.
    10 Our plane takes on/out/off at 10 a.m.
    8 I'm very tired. I need to take/get/give some sleep.
    4 He was often late for work. So he was fired/accepted/employed.
    1 She works like/as/such as a teacher. She teaches English.
    9 He gets angry very often. It's hard to get by/along/after with him.
    3 He got the job – Oh really? I'm so nice/glad/fine to hear that.

    Nezaměňujte anglické termíny salary, wage a pay. Salary je pravidelný měsíční plat. Wage je mzda (hl. placená od hodiny, týdně ap.). Pay je plat či výplata, tedy vyplácené peníze. Např. pay day je den výplaty ap. Obecný formální termín pro odměnu (či odměňování) za práci je většinou remuneration rɪˌmjuːnəˈreɪʃən.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte správné tvary trpného rodu.

    1 I don't know its name. What it call ?
    8 This meat eat cooked.
    5 My car has broken down. It needs to repair .
    9 I don't understand it. The messages write in Chinese.
    3 We can't go there. We not invite .
    6 The job pay well . You can make a lot of money.
    7 You'll understand. English and French speak there.
    2 The house sell last week.
    10 Over 20 new workers take on last month.
    4 He left his car there and it steal .

    Užitečný obrat s trpným rodem je: be held - konat se (má podobný význam jako nám již známé take place). Např.: A meeting was held. - Konala se schůzka. ap. Hold znamená držet, ale také pořádat či konat. Pozor! Hold je nepravidelné sloveso s tvary: Past tense (PT) - held hεld a Past participle (PP) - held hεld.

    Exercise 6

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    • Řekněte anglicky s použitím částice to. Využijte nápovědu.

    3 Byl první, kdo to věděl. first
    2 Očekávám, že nám pomůžete. expect you
    6 Znám místo, kde se dá skvěle najíst. great place
    1 Byla překvapená, že mě vidí. surprised
    9 Měl štěstí, že našel práci. lucky
    4 To rád slyším. glad
    7 Mám jiné věci na práci. other things
    5 Je toho tady hodně k vidění. a lot
    10 Promiňte, že vás obtěžuji. bother
    8 Předstírala, že neví. pretend, not

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte výroky s přibližně stejným významem.

    • 1 She was fired.
    • 2 She's got a pay rise.
    • 3 He's jobless.
    • 4 She's looking for a job.
    • 5 He's been promoted.
    • 6 She works for herself.
    • 7 He applied for a job.
    • 8 He quit his job.
    • d She's better paid now.
    • h He's better off now.
    • a He's unemployed.
    • e He stopped working there.
    • g She lost her job.
    • b She's her own boss.
    • f She's trying to find employment.
    • c He sent a job application.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte druhou větu tak, aby měla opačný význam než věta první.

    8 My car is repaired. – My car is .
    6 She lost her job. – She a new job.
    5 He's jobless. – He's .
    10 When does the plane land? – When does the plane off?
    7 He bought the car last year. – He the car last year.
    2 The keys were lost. – The keys were .
    1 It's getting better. – It's getting .
    3 They hired 5 workers. – They 5 workers.
    4 They got married. – They got .
    9 Can you take me to the airport? – Can you me up at the airport?

    Exercise 9

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    • Utvořte věty stejného významu pomocí trpného rodu.

    13 They hired two employees.
    8 They gave us some money.
    2 Many workers use it.
    3 She sent the message.
    4 Someone told him to do it.
    12 Nobody ever found it.
    1 They saw her there.
    14 Our company employed him.
    5 They made him do it.
    7 They say that she is beautiful.
    9 You can eat it.
    11 Somebody lost the keys.
    10 Rich people buy these cars.
    6 He promoted her.

    He is wanted. je česky: Hledá ho policie. (zločince ap.). Help wanted. znamená: Přijmeme výpomoc. (brigádníka ap.).

    Exercise 10

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    • Přečtěte a napište celými slovy anglicky.

    10 27 : 9 = 3
    6 53
    12 3,650,500
    1 2/3
    9 35 - 20 = 15
    8 55 + 55 = 110
    3 5/9
    11 0.25
    4 1/2
    2 3/4
    5 32
    7 106

    Exercise 11

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    • Přeložte změny stavu become, get, go, grow, turn. Využijte nápovědu.

    2 Na to si zvykneš. used to
    3 Opili se. drunk
    7 Proslavila se. famous
    9 Dostali jsme hlad. hungry
    15 Přestává mě to bavit. tired
    8 To jídlo se zkazí. bad
    1 Stmívá se. dark
    4 Lepšíš se. better
    6 Začíná to být těžké. difficult
    16 Brzy se unavila. tired
    13 Počítač (se) zpomaluje. slow
    5 Počasí se zhoršilo. worse
    14 Začal jsem mít strach. afraid
    10 Dostávám žízeň. thirsty
    12 Zmokneš. wet
    11 Rozčílil se. angry

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte vhodné slovo.

    1 What does he do for a ? – He works as a teacher.
    4 He worked a programmer but was fired.
    3 We need more staff. We must new employees.
    5 These jobs are not well . You won't make much money.
    6 Why did she her job? – Her salary was too low.
    8 He didn't send me the money. He me really angry.
    9 It's hard to get along with her. She angry very often.
    10 There was no meeting yesterday. It was called .
    2 He applied a job, but he wasn't accepted.
    7 John hasn't found a job yet. He is still .

    Exercise 13

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    • Řekněte podle nápovědy anglicky, co (si) kdo nechal či dal udělat.

    8 we, the table, make
    6 she, hair, cut
    4 he, fire her
    3 they, room, clean
    5 we, food, bring to our room
    2 my parents, new house, build
    7 he, his jacket, wash
    1 I, car, repair

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte. Kde lze, použijte trpný rod.

    10 V Británii se mluví anglicky.
    14 Rezervace byla zrušena.
    12 Dostala padáka.
    8 Najali 5 pracovníků.
    6 Byli potrestáni.
    13 Zvykl jsem si na to.
    2 Pracuji jako účetní.
    11 Vyrábí se tam auta.
    4 Byl povýšen.
    3 Dělám sám na sebe.
    16 Musím si ti nechat opravit.
    15 Prodalo se 1000 aut.
    1 Čím se živíte?
    9 Ukradli mu auto.
    17 Dostal padáka.
    7 Jak se to dělá?
    5 Jak se to nazývá anglicky?
    18 Dvě třetiny z nich dostaly přidáno.

    Sloveso fire (vyhodit z práce) je běžné, ale spíše hovorové. Znamená též mimo jiné vypálit, vystřelit (ze zbraně ap.). Formální termín pro propustit (z práce) je dismiss dɪsˈmɪs. Např. He was dismissed. - Byl propuštěn.