Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    3 I'm an employee.
    7 What is meant by that?
    8 What is it called in English?
    10 This word is not used often.
    9 The e-mail was sent yesterday.
    5 He started his own business.
    6 She applied for a job.
    4 He makes a lot of money.
    2 I work for myself.
    1 What do you do for a living?
    11 He's employed by our company.
    12 They were fired.

    Už znáte užití koncovky -er - váže se k subjektu, jenž něco činí, např. employer, worker. Podobně funguje u některých sloves koncovka -or např.: translate (přeložit) - translator (překladatel) ap. Všimněte si též koncovky -ee např. u slova employee. Ta se naopak užívá u osoby, která je činnosti podrobena. Např. interviewer (dotazovatel) - interviewee (dotazovaný - u pohovoru ap.).

    Exercise 2

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    1 Jane works for herself.
    4 Less than 50 workers work for the company.
    7 I make more money now.
    3 Bob doesn't work for a British company now.
    2 Mark works on a computer.
    6 Jack got the job.
    5 Some workers lost their jobs.
    8 John has already found a job.

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 The food will go bad.
    • 2 She got fired.
    • 3 I'm getting thirsty.
    • 4 It makes me angry.
    • 5 He got angry.
    • 6 It's not getting better.
    • 7 It's getting cold.
    • 8 He should get used to it.
    • f Naštval se.
    • g Dostala padáka.
    • d Nelepší se to.
    • h Štve mě to.
    • a Ochlazuje se.
    • b Dostávám žízeň.
    • e Měl by si na to zvyknout.
    • c Jídlo se zkazí.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    1 She works like/as/such as a teacher. She teaches English.
    2 He applied for a job, but he wasn't taken/received/accepted.
    3 He got the job – Oh really? I'm so nice/glad/fine to hear that.
    8 I'm very tired. I need to take/get/give some sleep.
    4 He was often late for work. So he was fired/accepted/employed.
    7 He'll be promoted and get a pay rise/loss/raise.
    11 They needed more workers. They took out/for/on new staff.
    5 She didn't like her job. She decided to apply/get off/quit.
    6 They were fired last month and they are still employed/jobless/applied.
    10 Our plane takes on/out/off at 10 a.m.
    9 He gets angry very often. It's hard to get by/along/after with him.

    Nezaměňujte anglické termíny salary, wage a pay. Salary je pravidelný měsíční plat. Wage je mzda (hl. placená od hodiny, týdně ap.). Pay je plat či výplata, tedy vyplácené peníze. Např. pay day je den výplaty ap. Obecný formální termín pro odměnu (či odměňování) za práci je většinou remuneration rɪˌmjuːnəˈreɪʃən.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte správné tvary trpného rodu.

    5 My car has broken down. It needs to repair .
    3 We can't go there. We not invite .
    9 I don't understand it. The messages write in Chinese.
    1 I don't know its name. What it call ?
    4 He left his car there and it steal .
    10 Over 20 new workers take on last month.
    6 The job pay well . You can make a lot of money.
    7 You'll understand. English and French speak there.
    2 The house sell last week.
    8 This meat eat cooked.

    Užitečný obrat s trpným rodem je: be held - konat se (má podobný význam jako nám již známé take place). Např.: A meeting was held. - Konala se schůzka. ap. Hold znamená držet, ale také pořádat či konat. Pozor! Hold je nepravidelné sloveso s tvary: Past tense (PT) - held hεld a Past participle (PP) - held hεld.

    Exercise 6

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    • Řekněte anglicky s použitím částice to. Využijte nápovědu.

    3 Byl první, kdo to věděl. first
    9 Měl štěstí, že našel práci. lucky
    4 To rád slyším. glad
    10 Promiňte, že vás obtěžuji. bother
    5 Je toho tady hodně k vidění. a lot
    1 Byla překvapená, že mě vidí. surprised
    7 Mám jiné věci na práci. other things
    2 Očekávám, že nám pomůžete. expect you
    8 Předstírala, že neví. pretend, not
    6 Znám místo, kde se dá skvěle najíst. great place

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte výroky s přibližně stejným významem.

    • 1 She was fired.
    • 2 She's got a pay rise.
    • 3 He's jobless.
    • 4 She's looking for a job.
    • 5 He's been promoted.
    • 6 She works for herself.
    • 7 He applied for a job.
    • 8 He quit his job.
    • c He sent a job application.
    • d She's better paid now.
    • a He's unemployed.
    • g She lost her job.
    • h He's better off now.
    • f She's trying to find employment.
    • e He stopped working there.
    • b She's her own boss.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte druhou větu tak, aby měla opačný význam než věta první.

    10 When does the plane land? – When does the plane off?
    9 Can you take me to the airport? – Can you me up at the airport?
    8 My car is repaired. – My car is .
    7 He bought the car last year. – He the car last year.
    6 She lost her job. – She a new job.
    4 They got married. – They got .
    3 They hired 5 workers. – They 5 workers.
    5 He's jobless. – He's .
    2 The keys were lost. – The keys were .
    1 It's getting better. – It's getting .

    Exercise 9

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    • Utvořte věty stejného významu pomocí trpného rodu.

    13 They hired two employees.
    6 He promoted her.
    2 Many workers use it.
    14 Our company employed him.
    5 They made him do it.
    8 They gave us some money.
    10 Rich people buy these cars.
    9 You can eat it.
    7 They say that she is beautiful.
    4 Someone told him to do it.
    3 She sent the message.
    11 Somebody lost the keys.
    1 They saw her there.
    12 Nobody ever found it.

    He is wanted. je česky: Hledá ho policie. (zločince ap.). Help wanted. znamená: Přijmeme výpomoc. (brigádníka ap.).

    Exercise 10

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    • Přečtěte a napište celými slovy anglicky.

    7 106
    3 5/9
    12 3,650,500
    8 55 + 55 = 110
    11 0.25
    2 3/4
    5 32
    9 35 - 20 = 15
    6 53
    1 2/3
    10 27 : 9 = 3
    4 1/2

    Exercise 11

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    • Přeložte změny stavu become, get, go, grow, turn. Využijte nápovědu.

    11 Rozčílil se. angry
    5 Počasí se zhoršilo. worse
    7 Proslavila se. famous
    16 Brzy se unavila. tired
    15 Přestává mě to bavit. tired
    9 Dostali jsme hlad. hungry
    8 To jídlo se zkazí. bad
    12 Zmokneš. wet
    6 Začíná to být těžké. difficult
    13 Počítač (se) zpomaluje. slow
    1 Stmívá se. dark
    3 Opili se. drunk
    4 Lepšíš se. better
    10 Dostávám žízeň. thirsty
    14 Začal jsem mít strach. afraid
    2 Na to si zvykneš. used to

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte vhodné slovo.

    10 There was no meeting yesterday. It was called .
    5 These jobs are not well . You won't make much money.
    7 John hasn't found a job yet. He is still .
    6 Why did she her job? – Her salary was too low.
    8 He didn't send me the money. He me really angry.
    2 He applied a job, but he wasn't accepted.
    4 He worked a programmer but was fired.
    1 What does he do for a ? – He works as a teacher.
    3 We need more staff. We must new employees.
    9 It's hard to get along with her. She angry very often.

    Exercise 13

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    • Řekněte podle nápovědy anglicky, co (si) kdo nechal či dal udělat.

    1 I, car, repair
    5 we, food, bring to our room
    3 they, room, clean
    6 she, hair, cut
    2 my parents, new house, build
    8 we, the table, make
    7 he, his jacket, wash
    4 he, fire her

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte. Kde lze, použijte trpný rod.

    6 Byli potrestáni.
    4 Byl povýšen.
    13 Zvykl jsem si na to.
    16 Musím si ti nechat opravit.
    10 V Británii se mluví anglicky.
    7 Jak se to dělá?
    8 Najali 5 pracovníků.
    11 Vyrábí se tam auta.
    18 Dvě třetiny z nich dostaly přidáno.
    9 Ukradli mu auto.
    14 Rezervace byla zrušena.
    17 Dostal padáka.
    5 Jak se to nazývá anglicky?
    1 Čím se živíte?
    15 Prodalo se 1000 aut.
    2 Pracuji jako účetní.
    3 Dělám sám na sebe.
    12 Dostala padáka.

    Sloveso fire (vyhodit z práce) je běžné, ale spíše hovorové. Znamená též mimo jiné vypálit, vystřelit (ze zbraně ap.). Formální termín pro propustit (z práce) je dismiss dɪsˈmɪs. Např. He was dismissed. - Byl propuštěn.