Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    5 He started his own business.
    7 What is meant by that?
    11 He's employed by our company.
    10 This word is not used often.
    6 She applied for a job.
    2 I work for myself.
    4 He makes a lot of money.
    1 What do you do for a living?
    12 They were fired.
    3 I'm an employee.
    9 The e-mail was sent yesterday.
    8 What is it called in English?

    Už znáte užití koncovky -er - váže se k subjektu, jenž něco činí, např. employer, worker. Podobně funguje u některých sloves koncovka -or např.: translate (přeložit) - translator (překladatel) ap. Všimněte si též koncovky -ee např. u slova employee. Ta se naopak užívá u osoby, která je činnosti podrobena. Např. interviewer (dotazovatel) - interviewee (dotazovaný - u pohovoru ap.).

    Exercise 2

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    2 Mark works on a computer.
    3 Bob doesn't work for a British company now.
    1 Jane works for herself.
    6 Jack got the job.
    7 I make more money now.
    4 Less than 50 workers work for the company.
    8 John has already found a job.
    5 Some workers lost their jobs.

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 The food will go bad.
    • 2 She got fired.
    • 3 I'm getting thirsty.
    • 4 It makes me angry.
    • 5 He got angry.
    • 6 It's not getting better.
    • 7 It's getting cold.
    • 8 He should get used to it.
    • a Ochlazuje se.
    • e Měl by si na to zvyknout.
    • f Naštval se.
    • g Dostala padáka.
    • c Jídlo se zkazí.
    • b Dostávám žízeň.
    • d Nelepší se to.
    • h Štve mě to.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    8 I'm very tired. I need to take/get/give some sleep.
    3 He got the job – Oh really? I'm so nice/glad/fine to hear that.
    1 She works like/as/such as a teacher. She teaches English.
    9 He gets angry very often. It's hard to get by/along/after with him.
    5 She didn't like her job. She decided to apply/get off/quit.
    6 They were fired last month and they are still employed/jobless/applied.
    4 He was often late for work. So he was fired/accepted/employed.
    7 He'll be promoted and get a pay rise/loss/raise.
    11 They needed more workers. They took out/for/on new staff.
    2 He applied for a job, but he wasn't taken/received/accepted.
    10 Our plane takes on/out/off at 10 a.m.

    Nezaměňujte anglické termíny salary, wage a pay. Salary je pravidelný měsíční plat. Wage je mzda (hl. placená od hodiny, týdně ap.). Pay je plat či výplata, tedy vyplácené peníze. Např. pay day je den výplaty ap. Obecný formální termín pro odměnu (či odměňování) za práci je většinou remuneration rɪˌmjuːnəˈreɪʃən.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte správné tvary trpného rodu.

    8 This meat eat cooked.
    9 I don't understand it. The messages write in Chinese.
    10 Over 20 new workers take on last month.
    2 The house sell last week.
    3 We can't go there. We not invite .
    6 The job pay well . You can make a lot of money.
    4 He left his car there and it steal .
    7 You'll understand. English and French speak there.
    1 I don't know its name. What it call ?
    5 My car has broken down. It needs to repair .

    Užitečný obrat s trpným rodem je: be held - konat se (má podobný význam jako nám již známé take place). Např.: A meeting was held. - Konala se schůzka. ap. Hold znamená držet, ale také pořádat či konat. Pozor! Hold je nepravidelné sloveso s tvary: Past tense (PT) - held hεld a Past participle (PP) - held hεld.

    Exercise 6

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    • Řekněte anglicky s použitím částice to. Využijte nápovědu.

    4 To rád slyším. glad
    7 Mám jiné věci na práci. other things
    8 Předstírala, že neví. pretend, not
    1 Byla překvapená, že mě vidí. surprised
    2 Očekávám, že nám pomůžete. expect you
    5 Je toho tady hodně k vidění. a lot
    9 Měl štěstí, že našel práci. lucky
    10 Promiňte, že vás obtěžuji. bother
    3 Byl první, kdo to věděl. first
    6 Znám místo, kde se dá skvěle najíst. great place

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte výroky s přibližně stejným významem.

    • 1 She was fired.
    • 2 She's got a pay rise.
    • 3 He's jobless.
    • 4 She's looking for a job.
    • 5 He's been promoted.
    • 6 She works for herself.
    • 7 He applied for a job.
    • 8 He quit his job.
    • f She's trying to find employment.
    • e He stopped working there.
    • c He sent a job application.
    • h He's better off now.
    • d She's better paid now.
    • g She lost her job.
    • a He's unemployed.
    • b She's her own boss.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte druhou větu tak, aby měla opačný význam než věta první.

    5 He's jobless. – He's .
    4 They got married. – They got .
    7 He bought the car last year. – He the car last year.
    8 My car is repaired. – My car is .
    10 When does the plane land? – When does the plane off?
    1 It's getting better. – It's getting .
    9 Can you take me to the airport? – Can you me up at the airport?
    2 The keys were lost. – The keys were .
    6 She lost her job. – She a new job.
    3 They hired 5 workers. – They 5 workers.

    Exercise 9

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    • Utvořte věty stejného významu pomocí trpného rodu.

    6 He promoted her.
    12 Nobody ever found it.
    3 She sent the message.
    5 They made him do it.
    7 They say that she is beautiful.
    2 Many workers use it.
    14 Our company employed him.
    8 They gave us some money.
    10 Rich people buy these cars.
    9 You can eat it.
    1 They saw her there.
    11 Somebody lost the keys.
    4 Someone told him to do it.
    13 They hired two employees.

    He is wanted. je česky: Hledá ho policie. (zločince ap.). Help wanted. znamená: Přijmeme výpomoc. (brigádníka ap.).

    Exercise 10

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    • Přečtěte a napište celými slovy anglicky.

    12 3,650,500
    11 0.25
    7 106
    3 5/9
    10 27 : 9 = 3
    2 3/4
    6 53
    4 1/2
    9 35 - 20 = 15
    5 32
    8 55 + 55 = 110
    1 2/3

    Exercise 11

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    • Přeložte změny stavu become, get, go, grow, turn. Využijte nápovědu.

    11 Rozčílil se. angry
    1 Stmívá se. dark
    2 Na to si zvykneš. used to
    12 Zmokneš. wet
    8 To jídlo se zkazí. bad
    7 Proslavila se. famous
    9 Dostali jsme hlad. hungry
    3 Opili se. drunk
    4 Lepšíš se. better
    6 Začíná to být těžké. difficult
    5 Počasí se zhoršilo. worse
    13 Počítač (se) zpomaluje. slow
    15 Přestává mě to bavit. tired
    16 Brzy se unavila. tired
    14 Začal jsem mít strach. afraid
    10 Dostávám žízeň. thirsty

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte vhodné slovo.

    6 Why did she her job? – Her salary was too low.
    9 It's hard to get along with her. She angry very often.
    1 What does he do for a ? – He works as a teacher.
    3 We need more staff. We must new employees.
    5 These jobs are not well . You won't make much money.
    2 He applied a job, but he wasn't accepted.
    10 There was no meeting yesterday. It was called .
    7 John hasn't found a job yet. He is still .
    4 He worked a programmer but was fired.
    8 He didn't send me the money. He me really angry.

    Exercise 13

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    • Řekněte podle nápovědy anglicky, co (si) kdo nechal či dal udělat.

    8 we, the table, make
    6 she, hair, cut
    4 he, fire her
    1 I, car, repair
    7 he, his jacket, wash
    2 my parents, new house, build
    3 they, room, clean
    5 we, food, bring to our room

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte. Kde lze, použijte trpný rod.

    9 Ukradli mu auto.
    7 Jak se to dělá?
    4 Byl povýšen.
    11 Vyrábí se tam auta.
    2 Pracuji jako účetní.
    15 Prodalo se 1000 aut.
    14 Rezervace byla zrušena.
    18 Dvě třetiny z nich dostaly přidáno.
    17 Dostal padáka.
    16 Musím si ti nechat opravit.
    6 Byli potrestáni.
    3 Dělám sám na sebe.
    12 Dostala padáka.
    13 Zvykl jsem si na to.
    10 V Británii se mluví anglicky.
    5 Jak se to nazývá anglicky?
    1 Čím se živíte?
    8 Najali 5 pracovníků.

    Sloveso fire (vyhodit z práce) je běžné, ale spíše hovorové. Znamená též mimo jiné vypálit, vystřelit (ze zbraně ap.). Formální termín pro propustit (z práce) je dismiss dɪsˈmɪs. Např. He was dismissed. - Byl propuštěn.