Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    10 This word is not used often.
    1 What do you do for a living?
    7 What is meant by that?
    8 What is it called in English?
    6 She applied for a job.
    3 I'm an employee.
    2 I work for myself.
    4 He makes a lot of money.
    12 They were fired.
    11 He's employed by our company.
    9 The e-mail was sent yesterday.
    5 He started his own business.

    Už znáte užití koncovky -er - váže se k subjektu, jenž něco činí, např. employer, worker. Podobně funguje u některých sloves koncovka -or např.: translate (přeložit) - translator (překladatel) ap. Všimněte si též koncovky -ee např. u slova employee. Ta se naopak užívá u osoby, která je činnosti podrobena. Např. interviewer (dotazovatel) - interviewee (dotazovaný - u pohovoru ap.).

    Exercise 2

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    1 Jane works for herself.
    6 Jack got the job.
    7 I make more money now.
    2 Mark works on a computer.
    8 John has already found a job.
    4 Less than 50 workers work for the company.
    5 Some workers lost their jobs.
    3 Bob doesn't work for a British company now.

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 The food will go bad.
    • 2 She got fired.
    • 3 I'm getting thirsty.
    • 4 It makes me angry.
    • 5 He got angry.
    • 6 It's not getting better.
    • 7 It's getting cold.
    • 8 He should get used to it.
    • b Dostávám žízeň.
    • h Štve mě to.
    • d Nelepší se to.
    • a Ochlazuje se.
    • c Jídlo se zkazí.
    • g Dostala padáka.
    • e Měl by si na to zvyknout.
    • f Naštval se.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    5 She didn't like her job. She decided to apply/get off/quit.
    2 He applied for a job, but he wasn't taken/received/accepted.
    9 He gets angry very often. It's hard to get by/along/after with him.
    8 I'm very tired. I need to take/get/give some sleep.
    10 Our plane takes on/out/off at 10 a.m.
    1 She works like/as/such as a teacher. She teaches English.
    3 He got the job – Oh really? I'm so nice/glad/fine to hear that.
    7 He'll be promoted and get a pay rise/loss/raise.
    6 They were fired last month and they are still employed/jobless/applied.
    4 He was often late for work. So he was fired/accepted/employed.
    11 They needed more workers. They took out/for/on new staff.

    Nezaměňujte anglické termíny salary, wage a pay. Salary je pravidelný měsíční plat. Wage je mzda (hl. placená od hodiny, týdně ap.). Pay je plat či výplata, tedy vyplácené peníze. Např. pay day je den výplaty ap. Obecný formální termín pro odměnu (či odměňování) za práci je většinou remuneration rɪˌmjuːnəˈreɪʃən.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte správné tvary trpného rodu.

    4 He left his car there and it steal .
    6 The job pay well . You can make a lot of money.
    10 Over 20 new workers take on last month.
    8 This meat eat cooked.
    1 I don't know its name. What it call ?
    2 The house sell last week.
    5 My car has broken down. It needs to repair .
    9 I don't understand it. The messages write in Chinese.
    3 We can't go there. We not invite .
    7 You'll understand. English and French speak there.

    Užitečný obrat s trpným rodem je: be held - konat se (má podobný význam jako nám již známé take place). Např.: A meeting was held. - Konala se schůzka. ap. Hold znamená držet, ale také pořádat či konat. Pozor! Hold je nepravidelné sloveso s tvary: Past tense (PT) - held hεld a Past participle (PP) - held hεld.

    Exercise 6

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    • Řekněte anglicky s použitím částice to. Využijte nápovědu.

    5 Je toho tady hodně k vidění. a lot
    4 To rád slyším. glad
    8 Předstírala, že neví. pretend, not
    6 Znám místo, kde se dá skvěle najíst. great place
    2 Očekávám, že nám pomůžete. expect you
    3 Byl první, kdo to věděl. first
    1 Byla překvapená, že mě vidí. surprised
    10 Promiňte, že vás obtěžuji. bother
    7 Mám jiné věci na práci. other things
    9 Měl štěstí, že našel práci. lucky

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte výroky s přibližně stejným významem.

    • 1 She was fired.
    • 2 She's got a pay rise.
    • 3 He's jobless.
    • 4 She's looking for a job.
    • 5 He's been promoted.
    • 6 She works for herself.
    • 7 He applied for a job.
    • 8 He quit his job.
    • b She's her own boss.
    • g She lost her job.
    • e He stopped working there.
    • c He sent a job application.
    • f She's trying to find employment.
    • d She's better paid now.
    • a He's unemployed.
    • h He's better off now.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte druhou větu tak, aby měla opačný význam než věta první.

    10 When does the plane land? – When does the plane off?
    1 It's getting better. – It's getting .
    2 The keys were lost. – The keys were .
    5 He's jobless. – He's .
    3 They hired 5 workers. – They 5 workers.
    6 She lost her job. – She a new job.
    9 Can you take me to the airport? – Can you me up at the airport?
    7 He bought the car last year. – He the car last year.
    4 They got married. – They got .
    8 My car is repaired. – My car is .

    Exercise 9

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    • Utvořte věty stejného významu pomocí trpného rodu.

    4 Someone told him to do it.
    10 Rich people buy these cars.
    5 They made him do it.
    13 They hired two employees.
    1 They saw her there.
    2 Many workers use it.
    8 They gave us some money.
    11 Somebody lost the keys.
    9 You can eat it.
    14 Our company employed him.
    7 They say that she is beautiful.
    3 She sent the message.
    6 He promoted her.
    12 Nobody ever found it.

    He is wanted. je česky: Hledá ho policie. (zločince ap.). Help wanted. znamená: Přijmeme výpomoc. (brigádníka ap.).

    Exercise 10

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    • Přečtěte a napište celými slovy anglicky.

    3 5/9
    11 0.25
    9 35 - 20 = 15
    12 3,650,500
    7 106
    8 55 + 55 = 110
    4 1/2
    5 32
    10 27 : 9 = 3
    1 2/3
    6 53
    2 3/4

    Exercise 11

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    • Přeložte změny stavu become, get, go, grow, turn. Využijte nápovědu.

    10 Dostávám žízeň. thirsty
    15 Přestává mě to bavit. tired
    11 Rozčílil se. angry
    4 Lepšíš se. better
    6 Začíná to být těžké. difficult
    8 To jídlo se zkazí. bad
    7 Proslavila se. famous
    9 Dostali jsme hlad. hungry
    12 Zmokneš. wet
    5 Počasí se zhoršilo. worse
    1 Stmívá se. dark
    16 Brzy se unavila. tired
    3 Opili se. drunk
    13 Počítač (se) zpomaluje. slow
    2 Na to si zvykneš. used to
    14 Začal jsem mít strach. afraid

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte vhodné slovo.

    6 Why did she her job? – Her salary was too low.
    9 It's hard to get along with her. She angry very often.
    8 He didn't send me the money. He me really angry.
    10 There was no meeting yesterday. It was called .
    7 John hasn't found a job yet. He is still .
    3 We need more staff. We must new employees.
    1 What does he do for a ? – He works as a teacher.
    4 He worked a programmer but was fired.
    2 He applied a job, but he wasn't accepted.
    5 These jobs are not well . You won't make much money.

    Exercise 13

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    • Řekněte podle nápovědy anglicky, co (si) kdo nechal či dal udělat.

    3 they, room, clean
    8 we, the table, make
    2 my parents, new house, build
    7 he, his jacket, wash
    5 we, food, bring to our room
    4 he, fire her
    6 she, hair, cut
    1 I, car, repair

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte. Kde lze, použijte trpný rod.

    9 Ukradli mu auto.
    11 Vyrábí se tam auta.
    7 Jak se to dělá?
    2 Pracuji jako účetní.
    4 Byl povýšen.
    10 V Británii se mluví anglicky.
    17 Dostal padáka.
    12 Dostala padáka.
    5 Jak se to nazývá anglicky?
    15 Prodalo se 1000 aut.
    6 Byli potrestáni.
    8 Najali 5 pracovníků.
    14 Rezervace byla zrušena.
    3 Dělám sám na sebe.
    13 Zvykl jsem si na to.
    16 Musím si ti nechat opravit.
    18 Dvě třetiny z nich dostaly přidáno.
    1 Čím se živíte?

    Sloveso fire (vyhodit z práce) je běžné, ale spíše hovorové. Znamená též mimo jiné vypálit, vystřelit (ze zbraně ap.). Formální termín pro propustit (z práce) je dismiss dɪsˈmɪs. Např. He was dismissed. - Byl propuštěn.