Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    12 They were fired.
    11 He's employed by our company.
    5 He started his own business.
    2 I work for myself.
    1 What do you do for a living?
    9 The e-mail was sent yesterday.
    3 I'm an employee.
    6 She applied for a job.
    8 What is it called in English?
    7 What is meant by that?
    4 He makes a lot of money.
    10 This word is not used often.

    Už znáte užití koncovky -er - váže se k subjektu, jenž něco činí, např. employer, worker. Podobně funguje u některých sloves koncovka -or např.: translate (přeložit) - translator (překladatel) ap. Všimněte si též koncovky -ee např. u slova employee. Ta se naopak užívá u osoby, která je činnosti podrobena. Např. interviewer (dotazovatel) - interviewee (dotazovaný - u pohovoru ap.).

    Exercise 2

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    1 Jane works for herself.
    2 Mark works on a computer.
    6 Jack got the job.
    5 Some workers lost their jobs.
    3 Bob doesn't work for a British company now.
    4 Less than 50 workers work for the company.
    7 I make more money now.
    8 John has already found a job.

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 The food will go bad.
    • 2 She got fired.
    • 3 I'm getting thirsty.
    • 4 It makes me angry.
    • 5 He got angry.
    • 6 It's not getting better.
    • 7 It's getting cold.
    • 8 He should get used to it.
    • f Naštval se.
    • d Nelepší se to.
    • h Štve mě to.
    • c Jídlo se zkazí.
    • b Dostávám žízeň.
    • e Měl by si na to zvyknout.
    • g Dostala padáka.
    • a Ochlazuje se.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    5 She didn't like her job. She decided to apply/get off/quit.
    1 She works like/as/such as a teacher. She teaches English.
    2 He applied for a job, but he wasn't taken/received/accepted.
    9 He gets angry very often. It's hard to get by/along/after with him.
    11 They needed more workers. They took out/for/on new staff.
    8 I'm very tired. I need to take/get/give some sleep.
    10 Our plane takes on/out/off at 10 a.m.
    6 They were fired last month and they are still employed/jobless/applied.
    4 He was often late for work. So he was fired/accepted/employed.
    7 He'll be promoted and get a pay rise/loss/raise.
    3 He got the job – Oh really? I'm so nice/glad/fine to hear that.

    Nezaměňujte anglické termíny salary, wage a pay. Salary je pravidelný měsíční plat. Wage je mzda (hl. placená od hodiny, týdně ap.). Pay je plat či výplata, tedy vyplácené peníze. Např. pay day je den výplaty ap. Obecný formální termín pro odměnu (či odměňování) za práci je většinou remuneration rɪˌmjuːnəˈreɪʃən.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte správné tvary trpného rodu.

    2 The house sell last week.
    5 My car has broken down. It needs to repair .
    3 We can't go there. We not invite .
    10 Over 20 new workers take on last month.
    4 He left his car there and it steal .
    1 I don't know its name. What it call ?
    9 I don't understand it. The messages write in Chinese.
    8 This meat eat cooked.
    6 The job pay well . You can make a lot of money.
    7 You'll understand. English and French speak there.

    Užitečný obrat s trpným rodem je: be held - konat se (má podobný význam jako nám již známé take place). Např.: A meeting was held. - Konala se schůzka. ap. Hold znamená držet, ale také pořádat či konat. Pozor! Hold je nepravidelné sloveso s tvary: Past tense (PT) - held hεld a Past participle (PP) - held hεld.

    Exercise 6

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    • Řekněte anglicky s použitím částice to. Využijte nápovědu.

    7 Mám jiné věci na práci. other things
    4 To rád slyším. glad
    3 Byl první, kdo to věděl. first
    10 Promiňte, že vás obtěžuji. bother
    2 Očekávám, že nám pomůžete. expect you
    8 Předstírala, že neví. pretend, not
    9 Měl štěstí, že našel práci. lucky
    5 Je toho tady hodně k vidění. a lot
    6 Znám místo, kde se dá skvěle najíst. great place
    1 Byla překvapená, že mě vidí. surprised

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte výroky s přibližně stejným významem.

    • 1 She was fired.
    • 2 She's got a pay rise.
    • 3 He's jobless.
    • 4 She's looking for a job.
    • 5 He's been promoted.
    • 6 She works for herself.
    • 7 He applied for a job.
    • 8 He quit his job.
    • c He sent a job application.
    • g She lost her job.
    • h He's better off now.
    • d She's better paid now.
    • b She's her own boss.
    • f She's trying to find employment.
    • a He's unemployed.
    • e He stopped working there.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte druhou větu tak, aby měla opačný význam než věta první.

    10 When does the plane land? – When does the plane off?
    6 She lost her job. – She a new job.
    7 He bought the car last year. – He the car last year.
    2 The keys were lost. – The keys were .
    3 They hired 5 workers. – They 5 workers.
    5 He's jobless. – He's .
    9 Can you take me to the airport? – Can you me up at the airport?
    1 It's getting better. – It's getting .
    8 My car is repaired. – My car is .
    4 They got married. – They got .

    Exercise 9

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    • Utvořte věty stejného významu pomocí trpného rodu.

    2 Many workers use it.
    11 Somebody lost the keys.
    5 They made him do it.
    7 They say that she is beautiful.
    9 You can eat it.
    6 He promoted her.
    12 Nobody ever found it.
    4 Someone told him to do it.
    13 They hired two employees.
    14 Our company employed him.
    8 They gave us some money.
    1 They saw her there.
    3 She sent the message.
    10 Rich people buy these cars.

    He is wanted. je česky: Hledá ho policie. (zločince ap.). Help wanted. znamená: Přijmeme výpomoc. (brigádníka ap.).

    Exercise 10

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    • Přečtěte a napište celými slovy anglicky.

    1 2/3
    5 32
    7 106
    6 53
    11 0.25
    9 35 - 20 = 15
    10 27 : 9 = 3
    12 3,650,500
    4 1/2
    8 55 + 55 = 110
    2 3/4
    3 5/9

    Exercise 11

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    • Přeložte změny stavu become, get, go, grow, turn. Využijte nápovědu.

    7 Proslavila se. famous
    1 Stmívá se. dark
    12 Zmokneš. wet
    9 Dostali jsme hlad. hungry
    4 Lepšíš se. better
    5 Počasí se zhoršilo. worse
    14 Začal jsem mít strach. afraid
    15 Přestává mě to bavit. tired
    8 To jídlo se zkazí. bad
    16 Brzy se unavila. tired
    3 Opili se. drunk
    13 Počítač (se) zpomaluje. slow
    2 Na to si zvykneš. used to
    6 Začíná to být těžké. difficult
    10 Dostávám žízeň. thirsty
    11 Rozčílil se. angry

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte vhodné slovo.

    2 He applied a job, but he wasn't accepted.
    10 There was no meeting yesterday. It was called .
    4 He worked a programmer but was fired.
    3 We need more staff. We must new employees.
    6 Why did she her job? – Her salary was too low.
    1 What does he do for a ? – He works as a teacher.
    5 These jobs are not well . You won't make much money.
    7 John hasn't found a job yet. He is still .
    8 He didn't send me the money. He me really angry.
    9 It's hard to get along with her. She angry very often.

    Exercise 13

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    • Řekněte podle nápovědy anglicky, co (si) kdo nechal či dal udělat.

    3 they, room, clean
    6 she, hair, cut
    5 we, food, bring to our room
    7 he, his jacket, wash
    8 we, the table, make
    4 he, fire her
    2 my parents, new house, build
    1 I, car, repair

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte. Kde lze, použijte trpný rod.

    12 Dostala padáka.
    13 Zvykl jsem si na to.
    5 Jak se to nazývá anglicky?
    3 Dělám sám na sebe.
    7 Jak se to dělá?
    8 Najali 5 pracovníků.
    14 Rezervace byla zrušena.
    4 Byl povýšen.
    17 Dostal padáka.
    10 V Británii se mluví anglicky.
    15 Prodalo se 1000 aut.
    9 Ukradli mu auto.
    11 Vyrábí se tam auta.
    1 Čím se živíte?
    16 Musím si ti nechat opravit.
    2 Pracuji jako účetní.
    18 Dvě třetiny z nich dostaly přidáno.
    6 Byli potrestáni.

    Sloveso fire (vyhodit z práce) je běžné, ale spíše hovorové. Znamená též mimo jiné vypálit, vystřelit (ze zbraně ap.). Formální termín pro propustit (z práce) je dismiss dɪsˈmɪs. Např. He was dismissed. - Byl propuštěn.