Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    1 What do you do for a living?
    6 She applied for a job.
    5 He started his own business.
    12 They were fired.
    2 I work for myself.
    11 He's employed by our company.
    8 What is it called in English?
    3 I'm an employee.
    7 What is meant by that?
    4 He makes a lot of money.
    10 This word is not used often.
    9 The e-mail was sent yesterday.

    Už znáte užití koncovky -er - váže se k subjektu, jenž něco činí, např. employer, worker. Podobně funguje u některých sloves koncovka -or např.: translate (přeložit) - translator (překladatel) ap. Všimněte si též koncovky -ee např. u slova employee. Ta se naopak užívá u osoby, která je činnosti podrobena. Např. interviewer (dotazovatel) - interviewee (dotazovaný - u pohovoru ap.).

    Exercise 2

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    1 Jane works for herself.
    7 I make more money now.
    2 Mark works on a computer.
    3 Bob doesn't work for a British company now.
    6 Jack got the job.
    8 John has already found a job.
    5 Some workers lost their jobs.
    4 Less than 50 workers work for the company.

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 The food will go bad.
    • 2 She got fired.
    • 3 I'm getting thirsty.
    • 4 It makes me angry.
    • 5 He got angry.
    • 6 It's not getting better.
    • 7 It's getting cold.
    • 8 He should get used to it.
    • d Nelepší se to.
    • g Dostala padáka.
    • b Dostávám žízeň.
    • e Měl by si na to zvyknout.
    • f Naštval se.
    • h Štve mě to.
    • a Ochlazuje se.
    • c Jídlo se zkazí.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    8 I'm very tired. I need to take/get/give some sleep.
    1 She works like/as/such as a teacher. She teaches English.
    11 They needed more workers. They took out/for/on new staff.
    4 He was often late for work. So he was fired/accepted/employed.
    5 She didn't like her job. She decided to apply/get off/quit.
    9 He gets angry very often. It's hard to get by/along/after with him.
    3 He got the job – Oh really? I'm so nice/glad/fine to hear that.
    6 They were fired last month and they are still employed/jobless/applied.
    2 He applied for a job, but he wasn't taken/received/accepted.
    10 Our plane takes on/out/off at 10 a.m.
    7 He'll be promoted and get a pay rise/loss/raise.

    Nezaměňujte anglické termíny salary, wage a pay. Salary je pravidelný měsíční plat. Wage je mzda (hl. placená od hodiny, týdně ap.). Pay je plat či výplata, tedy vyplácené peníze. Např. pay day je den výplaty ap. Obecný formální termín pro odměnu (či odměňování) za práci je většinou remuneration rɪˌmjuːnəˈreɪʃən.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte správné tvary trpného rodu.

    5 My car has broken down. It needs to repair .
    3 We can't go there. We not invite .
    9 I don't understand it. The messages write in Chinese.
    10 Over 20 new workers take on last month.
    7 You'll understand. English and French speak there.
    6 The job pay well . You can make a lot of money.
    2 The house sell last week.
    4 He left his car there and it steal .
    8 This meat eat cooked.
    1 I don't know its name. What it call ?

    Užitečný obrat s trpným rodem je: be held - konat se (má podobný význam jako nám již známé take place). Např.: A meeting was held. - Konala se schůzka. ap. Hold znamená držet, ale také pořádat či konat. Pozor! Hold je nepravidelné sloveso s tvary: Past tense (PT) - held hεld a Past participle (PP) - held hεld.

    Exercise 6

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    • Řekněte anglicky s použitím částice to. Využijte nápovědu.

    1 Byla překvapená, že mě vidí. surprised
    6 Znám místo, kde se dá skvěle najíst. great place
    7 Mám jiné věci na práci. other things
    10 Promiňte, že vás obtěžuji. bother
    8 Předstírala, že neví. pretend, not
    5 Je toho tady hodně k vidění. a lot
    2 Očekávám, že nám pomůžete. expect you
    9 Měl štěstí, že našel práci. lucky
    3 Byl první, kdo to věděl. first
    4 To rád slyším. glad

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte výroky s přibližně stejným významem.

    • 1 She was fired.
    • 2 She's got a pay rise.
    • 3 He's jobless.
    • 4 She's looking for a job.
    • 5 He's been promoted.
    • 6 She works for herself.
    • 7 He applied for a job.
    • 8 He quit his job.
    • f She's trying to find employment.
    • a He's unemployed.
    • b She's her own boss.
    • h He's better off now.
    • d She's better paid now.
    • g She lost her job.
    • c He sent a job application.
    • e He stopped working there.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte druhou větu tak, aby měla opačný význam než věta první.

    6 She lost her job. – She a new job.
    9 Can you take me to the airport? – Can you me up at the airport?
    4 They got married. – They got .
    5 He's jobless. – He's .
    2 The keys were lost. – The keys were .
    1 It's getting better. – It's getting .
    10 When does the plane land? – When does the plane off?
    7 He bought the car last year. – He the car last year.
    3 They hired 5 workers. – They 5 workers.
    8 My car is repaired. – My car is .

    Exercise 9

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    • Utvořte věty stejného významu pomocí trpného rodu.

    13 They hired two employees.
    8 They gave us some money.
    3 She sent the message.
    14 Our company employed him.
    1 They saw her there.
    9 You can eat it.
    6 He promoted her.
    2 Many workers use it.
    5 They made him do it.
    12 Nobody ever found it.
    11 Somebody lost the keys.
    4 Someone told him to do it.
    7 They say that she is beautiful.
    10 Rich people buy these cars.

    He is wanted. je česky: Hledá ho policie. (zločince ap.). Help wanted. znamená: Přijmeme výpomoc. (brigádníka ap.).

    Exercise 10

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    • Přečtěte a napište celými slovy anglicky.

    10 27 : 9 = 3
    9 35 - 20 = 15
    8 55 + 55 = 110
    3 5/9
    7 106
    2 3/4
    5 32
    6 53
    12 3,650,500
    4 1/2
    1 2/3
    11 0.25

    Exercise 11

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    • Přeložte změny stavu become, get, go, grow, turn. Využijte nápovědu.

    3 Opili se. drunk
    16 Brzy se unavila. tired
    7 Proslavila se. famous
    8 To jídlo se zkazí. bad
    12 Zmokneš. wet
    13 Počítač (se) zpomaluje. slow
    2 Na to si zvykneš. used to
    4 Lepšíš se. better
    6 Začíná to být těžké. difficult
    14 Začal jsem mít strach. afraid
    10 Dostávám žízeň. thirsty
    9 Dostali jsme hlad. hungry
    5 Počasí se zhoršilo. worse
    1 Stmívá se. dark
    15 Přestává mě to bavit. tired
    11 Rozčílil se. angry

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte vhodné slovo.

    2 He applied a job, but he wasn't accepted.
    8 He didn't send me the money. He me really angry.
    3 We need more staff. We must new employees.
    7 John hasn't found a job yet. He is still .
    4 He worked a programmer but was fired.
    10 There was no meeting yesterday. It was called .
    1 What does he do for a ? – He works as a teacher.
    5 These jobs are not well . You won't make much money.
    9 It's hard to get along with her. She angry very often.
    6 Why did she her job? – Her salary was too low.

    Exercise 13

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    • Řekněte podle nápovědy anglicky, co (si) kdo nechal či dal udělat.

    5 we, food, bring to our room
    6 she, hair, cut
    3 they, room, clean
    2 my parents, new house, build
    4 he, fire her
    8 we, the table, make
    7 he, his jacket, wash
    1 I, car, repair

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte. Kde lze, použijte trpný rod.

    13 Zvykl jsem si na to.
    5 Jak se to nazývá anglicky?
    14 Rezervace byla zrušena.
    10 V Británii se mluví anglicky.
    18 Dvě třetiny z nich dostaly přidáno.
    1 Čím se živíte?
    16 Musím si ti nechat opravit.
    15 Prodalo se 1000 aut.
    6 Byli potrestáni.
    2 Pracuji jako účetní.
    12 Dostala padáka.
    8 Najali 5 pracovníků.
    9 Ukradli mu auto.
    3 Dělám sám na sebe.
    11 Vyrábí se tam auta.
    17 Dostal padáka.
    4 Byl povýšen.
    7 Jak se to dělá?

    Sloveso fire (vyhodit z práce) je běžné, ale spíše hovorové. Znamená též mimo jiné vypálit, vystřelit (ze zbraně ap.). Formální termín pro propustit (z práce) je dismiss dɪsˈmɪs. Např. He was dismissed. - Byl propuštěn.