Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    6 She applied for a job.
    1 What do you do for a living?
    4 He makes a lot of money.
    8 What is it called in English?
    10 This word is not used often.
    7 What is meant by that?
    9 The e-mail was sent yesterday.
    11 He's employed by our company.
    2 I work for myself.
    12 They were fired.
    5 He started his own business.
    3 I'm an employee.

    Už znáte užití koncovky -er - váže se k subjektu, jenž něco činí, např. employer, worker. Podobně funguje u některých sloves koncovka -or např.: translate (přeložit) - translator (překladatel) ap. Všimněte si též koncovky -ee např. u slova employee. Ta se naopak užívá u osoby, která je činnosti podrobena. Např. interviewer (dotazovatel) - interviewee (dotazovaný - u pohovoru ap.).

    Exercise 2

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    7 I make more money now.
    2 Mark works on a computer.
    8 John has already found a job.
    5 Some workers lost their jobs.
    3 Bob doesn't work for a British company now.
    4 Less than 50 workers work for the company.
    6 Jack got the job.
    1 Jane works for herself.

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 The food will go bad.
    • 2 She got fired.
    • 3 I'm getting thirsty.
    • 4 It makes me angry.
    • 5 He got angry.
    • 6 It's not getting better.
    • 7 It's getting cold.
    • 8 He should get used to it.
    • f Naštval se.
    • e Měl by si na to zvyknout.
    • d Nelepší se to.
    • c Jídlo se zkazí.
    • h Štve mě to.
    • a Ochlazuje se.
    • b Dostávám žízeň.
    • g Dostala padáka.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    7 He'll be promoted and get a pay rise/loss/raise.
    9 He gets angry very often. It's hard to get by/along/after with him.
    11 They needed more workers. They took out/for/on new staff.
    5 She didn't like her job. She decided to apply/get off/quit.
    10 Our plane takes on/out/off at 10 a.m.
    2 He applied for a job, but he wasn't taken/received/accepted.
    1 She works like/as/such as a teacher. She teaches English.
    4 He was often late for work. So he was fired/accepted/employed.
    6 They were fired last month and they are still employed/jobless/applied.
    8 I'm very tired. I need to take/get/give some sleep.
    3 He got the job – Oh really? I'm so nice/glad/fine to hear that.

    Nezaměňujte anglické termíny salary, wage a pay. Salary je pravidelný měsíční plat. Wage je mzda (hl. placená od hodiny, týdně ap.). Pay je plat či výplata, tedy vyplácené peníze. Např. pay day je den výplaty ap. Obecný formální termín pro odměnu (či odměňování) za práci je většinou remuneration rɪˌmjuːnəˈreɪʃən.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte správné tvary trpného rodu.

    8 This meat eat cooked.
    5 My car has broken down. It needs to repair .
    4 He left his car there and it steal .
    3 We can't go there. We not invite .
    6 The job pay well . You can make a lot of money.
    2 The house sell last week.
    7 You'll understand. English and French speak there.
    10 Over 20 new workers take on last month.
    9 I don't understand it. The messages write in Chinese.
    1 I don't know its name. What it call ?

    Užitečný obrat s trpným rodem je: be held - konat se (má podobný význam jako nám již známé take place). Např.: A meeting was held. - Konala se schůzka. ap. Hold znamená držet, ale také pořádat či konat. Pozor! Hold je nepravidelné sloveso s tvary: Past tense (PT) - held hεld a Past participle (PP) - held hεld.

    Exercise 6

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    • Řekněte anglicky s použitím částice to. Využijte nápovědu.

    1 Byla překvapená, že mě vidí. surprised
    2 Očekávám, že nám pomůžete. expect you
    3 Byl první, kdo to věděl. first
    8 Předstírala, že neví. pretend, not
    7 Mám jiné věci na práci. other things
    10 Promiňte, že vás obtěžuji. bother
    4 To rád slyším. glad
    9 Měl štěstí, že našel práci. lucky
    6 Znám místo, kde se dá skvěle najíst. great place
    5 Je toho tady hodně k vidění. a lot

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte výroky s přibližně stejným významem.

    • 1 She was fired.
    • 2 She's got a pay rise.
    • 3 He's jobless.
    • 4 She's looking for a job.
    • 5 He's been promoted.
    • 6 She works for herself.
    • 7 He applied for a job.
    • 8 He quit his job.
    • f She's trying to find employment.
    • e He stopped working there.
    • g She lost her job.
    • h He's better off now.
    • d She's better paid now.
    • a He's unemployed.
    • b She's her own boss.
    • c He sent a job application.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte druhou větu tak, aby měla opačný význam než věta první.

    7 He bought the car last year. – He the car last year.
    2 The keys were lost. – The keys were .
    6 She lost her job. – She a new job.
    4 They got married. – They got .
    8 My car is repaired. – My car is .
    10 When does the plane land? – When does the plane off?
    9 Can you take me to the airport? – Can you me up at the airport?
    5 He's jobless. – He's .
    1 It's getting better. – It's getting .
    3 They hired 5 workers. – They 5 workers.

    Exercise 9

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    • Utvořte věty stejného významu pomocí trpného rodu.

    1 They saw her there.
    13 They hired two employees.
    6 He promoted her.
    3 She sent the message.
    4 Someone told him to do it.
    12 Nobody ever found it.
    7 They say that she is beautiful.
    14 Our company employed him.
    8 They gave us some money.
    11 Somebody lost the keys.
    2 Many workers use it.
    10 Rich people buy these cars.
    9 You can eat it.
    5 They made him do it.

    He is wanted. je česky: Hledá ho policie. (zločince ap.). Help wanted. znamená: Přijmeme výpomoc. (brigádníka ap.).

    Exercise 10

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    • Přečtěte a napište celými slovy anglicky.

    4 1/2
    6 53
    3 5/9
    2 3/4
    11 0.25
    8 55 + 55 = 110
    5 32
    1 2/3
    7 106
    9 35 - 20 = 15
    12 3,650,500
    10 27 : 9 = 3

    Exercise 11

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    • Přeložte změny stavu become, get, go, grow, turn. Využijte nápovědu.

    1 Stmívá se. dark
    5 Počasí se zhoršilo. worse
    9 Dostali jsme hlad. hungry
    12 Zmokneš. wet
    16 Brzy se unavila. tired
    10 Dostávám žízeň. thirsty
    13 Počítač (se) zpomaluje. slow
    3 Opili se. drunk
    8 To jídlo se zkazí. bad
    7 Proslavila se. famous
    14 Začal jsem mít strach. afraid
    15 Přestává mě to bavit. tired
    2 Na to si zvykneš. used to
    11 Rozčílil se. angry
    4 Lepšíš se. better
    6 Začíná to být těžké. difficult

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte vhodné slovo.

    4 He worked a programmer but was fired.
    8 He didn't send me the money. He me really angry.
    7 John hasn't found a job yet. He is still .
    5 These jobs are not well . You won't make much money.
    1 What does he do for a ? – He works as a teacher.
    2 He applied a job, but he wasn't accepted.
    6 Why did she her job? – Her salary was too low.
    3 We need more staff. We must new employees.
    10 There was no meeting yesterday. It was called .
    9 It's hard to get along with her. She angry very often.

    Exercise 13

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    • Řekněte podle nápovědy anglicky, co (si) kdo nechal či dal udělat.

    2 my parents, new house, build
    4 he, fire her
    5 we, food, bring to our room
    1 I, car, repair
    7 he, his jacket, wash
    6 she, hair, cut
    3 they, room, clean
    8 we, the table, make

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte. Kde lze, použijte trpný rod.

    14 Rezervace byla zrušena.
    6 Byli potrestáni.
    13 Zvykl jsem si na to.
    11 Vyrábí se tam auta.
    18 Dvě třetiny z nich dostaly přidáno.
    2 Pracuji jako účetní.
    5 Jak se to nazývá anglicky?
    3 Dělám sám na sebe.
    15 Prodalo se 1000 aut.
    8 Najali 5 pracovníků.
    1 Čím se živíte?
    10 V Británii se mluví anglicky.
    9 Ukradli mu auto.
    16 Musím si ti nechat opravit.
    7 Jak se to dělá?
    4 Byl povýšen.
    17 Dostal padáka.
    12 Dostala padáka.

    Sloveso fire (vyhodit z práce) je běžné, ale spíše hovorové. Znamená též mimo jiné vypálit, vystřelit (ze zbraně ap.). Formální termín pro propustit (z práce) je dismiss dɪsˈmɪs. Např. He was dismissed. - Byl propuštěn.