Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    8 What is it called in English?
    12 They were fired.
    1 What do you do for a living?
    9 The e-mail was sent yesterday.
    6 She applied for a job.
    11 He's employed by our company.
    2 I work for myself.
    7 What is meant by that?
    10 This word is not used often.
    5 He started his own business.
    3 I'm an employee.
    4 He makes a lot of money.

    Už znáte užití koncovky -er - váže se k subjektu, jenž něco činí, např. employer, worker. Podobně funguje u některých sloves koncovka -or např.: translate (přeložit) - translator (překladatel) ap. Všimněte si též koncovky -ee např. u slova employee. Ta se naopak užívá u osoby, která je činnosti podrobena. Např. interviewer (dotazovatel) - interviewee (dotazovaný - u pohovoru ap.).

    Exercise 2

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    6 Jack got the job.
    2 Mark works on a computer.
    3 Bob doesn't work for a British company now.
    8 John has already found a job.
    4 Less than 50 workers work for the company.
    1 Jane works for herself.
    7 I make more money now.
    5 Some workers lost their jobs.

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 The food will go bad.
    • 2 She got fired.
    • 3 I'm getting thirsty.
    • 4 It makes me angry.
    • 5 He got angry.
    • 6 It's not getting better.
    • 7 It's getting cold.
    • 8 He should get used to it.
    • f Naštval se.
    • e Měl by si na to zvyknout.
    • g Dostala padáka.
    • h Štve mě to.
    • a Ochlazuje se.
    • b Dostávám žízeň.
    • d Nelepší se to.
    • c Jídlo se zkazí.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    7 He'll be promoted and get a pay rise/loss/raise.
    5 She didn't like her job. She decided to apply/get off/quit.
    2 He applied for a job, but he wasn't taken/received/accepted.
    3 He got the job – Oh really? I'm so nice/glad/fine to hear that.
    10 Our plane takes on/out/off at 10 a.m.
    8 I'm very tired. I need to take/get/give some sleep.
    4 He was often late for work. So he was fired/accepted/employed.
    9 He gets angry very often. It's hard to get by/along/after with him.
    11 They needed more workers. They took out/for/on new staff.
    6 They were fired last month and they are still employed/jobless/applied.
    1 She works like/as/such as a teacher. She teaches English.

    Nezaměňujte anglické termíny salary, wage a pay. Salary je pravidelný měsíční plat. Wage je mzda (hl. placená od hodiny, týdně ap.). Pay je plat či výplata, tedy vyplácené peníze. Např. pay day je den výplaty ap. Obecný formální termín pro odměnu (či odměňování) za práci je většinou remuneration rɪˌmjuːnəˈreɪʃən.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte správné tvary trpného rodu.

    5 My car has broken down. It needs to repair .
    4 He left his car there and it steal .
    3 We can't go there. We not invite .
    10 Over 20 new workers take on last month.
    9 I don't understand it. The messages write in Chinese.
    1 I don't know its name. What it call ?
    6 The job pay well . You can make a lot of money.
    2 The house sell last week.
    8 This meat eat cooked.
    7 You'll understand. English and French speak there.

    Užitečný obrat s trpným rodem je: be held - konat se (má podobný význam jako nám již známé take place). Např.: A meeting was held. - Konala se schůzka. ap. Hold znamená držet, ale také pořádat či konat. Pozor! Hold je nepravidelné sloveso s tvary: Past tense (PT) - held hεld a Past participle (PP) - held hεld.

    Exercise 6

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    • Řekněte anglicky s použitím částice to. Využijte nápovědu.

    8 Předstírala, že neví. pretend, not
    5 Je toho tady hodně k vidění. a lot
    7 Mám jiné věci na práci. other things
    10 Promiňte, že vás obtěžuji. bother
    2 Očekávám, že nám pomůžete. expect you
    6 Znám místo, kde se dá skvěle najíst. great place
    1 Byla překvapená, že mě vidí. surprised
    3 Byl první, kdo to věděl. first
    9 Měl štěstí, že našel práci. lucky
    4 To rád slyším. glad

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte výroky s přibližně stejným významem.

    • 1 She was fired.
    • 2 She's got a pay rise.
    • 3 He's jobless.
    • 4 She's looking for a job.
    • 5 He's been promoted.
    • 6 She works for herself.
    • 7 He applied for a job.
    • 8 He quit his job.
    • d She's better paid now.
    • h He's better off now.
    • g She lost her job.
    • b She's her own boss.
    • f She's trying to find employment.
    • c He sent a job application.
    • a He's unemployed.
    • e He stopped working there.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte druhou větu tak, aby měla opačný význam než věta první.

    4 They got married. – They got .
    10 When does the plane land? – When does the plane off?
    9 Can you take me to the airport? – Can you me up at the airport?
    6 She lost her job. – She a new job.
    8 My car is repaired. – My car is .
    2 The keys were lost. – The keys were .
    3 They hired 5 workers. – They 5 workers.
    1 It's getting better. – It's getting .
    5 He's jobless. – He's .
    7 He bought the car last year. – He the car last year.

    Exercise 9

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    • Utvořte věty stejného významu pomocí trpného rodu.

    9 You can eat it.
    3 She sent the message.
    8 They gave us some money.
    11 Somebody lost the keys.
    14 Our company employed him.
    12 Nobody ever found it.
    7 They say that she is beautiful.
    4 Someone told him to do it.
    13 They hired two employees.
    10 Rich people buy these cars.
    6 He promoted her.
    1 They saw her there.
    2 Many workers use it.
    5 They made him do it.

    He is wanted. je česky: Hledá ho policie. (zločince ap.). Help wanted. znamená: Přijmeme výpomoc. (brigádníka ap.).

    Exercise 10

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    • Přečtěte a napište celými slovy anglicky.

    9 35 - 20 = 15
    8 55 + 55 = 110
    10 27 : 9 = 3
    11 0.25
    2 3/4
    3 5/9
    7 106
    12 3,650,500
    1 2/3
    4 1/2
    5 32
    6 53

    Exercise 11

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    • Přeložte změny stavu become, get, go, grow, turn. Využijte nápovědu.

    3 Opili se. drunk
    16 Brzy se unavila. tired
    15 Přestává mě to bavit. tired
    1 Stmívá se. dark
    11 Rozčílil se. angry
    5 Počasí se zhoršilo. worse
    4 Lepšíš se. better
    7 Proslavila se. famous
    8 To jídlo se zkazí. bad
    6 Začíná to být těžké. difficult
    13 Počítač (se) zpomaluje. slow
    14 Začal jsem mít strach. afraid
    10 Dostávám žízeň. thirsty
    2 Na to si zvykneš. used to
    9 Dostali jsme hlad. hungry
    12 Zmokneš. wet

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte vhodné slovo.

    6 Why did she her job? – Her salary was too low.
    4 He worked a programmer but was fired.
    10 There was no meeting yesterday. It was called .
    9 It's hard to get along with her. She angry very often.
    1 What does he do for a ? – He works as a teacher.
    2 He applied a job, but he wasn't accepted.
    7 John hasn't found a job yet. He is still .
    8 He didn't send me the money. He me really angry.
    5 These jobs are not well . You won't make much money.
    3 We need more staff. We must new employees.

    Exercise 13

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    • Řekněte podle nápovědy anglicky, co (si) kdo nechal či dal udělat.

    4 he, fire her
    8 we, the table, make
    7 he, his jacket, wash
    6 she, hair, cut
    1 I, car, repair
    3 they, room, clean
    5 we, food, bring to our room
    2 my parents, new house, build

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte. Kde lze, použijte trpný rod.

    16 Musím si ti nechat opravit.
    9 Ukradli mu auto.
    18 Dvě třetiny z nich dostaly přidáno.
    14 Rezervace byla zrušena.
    12 Dostala padáka.
    4 Byl povýšen.
    17 Dostal padáka.
    15 Prodalo se 1000 aut.
    1 Čím se živíte?
    6 Byli potrestáni.
    13 Zvykl jsem si na to.
    11 Vyrábí se tam auta.
    7 Jak se to dělá?
    10 V Británii se mluví anglicky.
    5 Jak se to nazývá anglicky?
    3 Dělám sám na sebe.
    8 Najali 5 pracovníků.
    2 Pracuji jako účetní.

    Sloveso fire (vyhodit z práce) je běžné, ale spíše hovorové. Znamená též mimo jiné vypálit, vystřelit (ze zbraně ap.). Formální termín pro propustit (z práce) je dismiss dɪsˈmɪs. Např. He was dismissed. - Byl propuštěn.