Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    11 He's employed by our company.
    7 What is meant by that?
    8 What is it called in English?
    3 I'm an employee.
    4 He makes a lot of money.
    12 They were fired.
    9 The e-mail was sent yesterday.
    6 She applied for a job.
    2 I work for myself.
    1 What do you do for a living?
    10 This word is not used often.
    5 He started his own business.

    Už znáte užití koncovky -er - váže se k subjektu, jenž něco činí, např. employer, worker. Podobně funguje u některých sloves koncovka -or např.: translate (přeložit) - translator (překladatel) ap. Všimněte si též koncovky -ee např. u slova employee. Ta se naopak užívá u osoby, která je činnosti podrobena. Např. interviewer (dotazovatel) - interviewee (dotazovaný - u pohovoru ap.).

    Exercise 2

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    5 Some workers lost their jobs.
    3 Bob doesn't work for a British company now.
    1 Jane works for herself.
    6 Jack got the job.
    7 I make more money now.
    8 John has already found a job.
    4 Less than 50 workers work for the company.
    2 Mark works on a computer.

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 The food will go bad.
    • 2 She got fired.
    • 3 I'm getting thirsty.
    • 4 It makes me angry.
    • 5 He got angry.
    • 6 It's not getting better.
    • 7 It's getting cold.
    • 8 He should get used to it.
    • a Ochlazuje se.
    • b Dostávám žízeň.
    • e Měl by si na to zvyknout.
    • d Nelepší se to.
    • h Štve mě to.
    • g Dostala padáka.
    • f Naštval se.
    • c Jídlo se zkazí.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    9 He gets angry very often. It's hard to get by/along/after with him.
    5 She didn't like her job. She decided to apply/get off/quit.
    8 I'm very tired. I need to take/get/give some sleep.
    3 He got the job – Oh really? I'm so nice/glad/fine to hear that.
    7 He'll be promoted and get a pay rise/loss/raise.
    11 They needed more workers. They took out/for/on new staff.
    2 He applied for a job, but he wasn't taken/received/accepted.
    1 She works like/as/such as a teacher. She teaches English.
    6 They were fired last month and they are still employed/jobless/applied.
    10 Our plane takes on/out/off at 10 a.m.
    4 He was often late for work. So he was fired/accepted/employed.

    Nezaměňujte anglické termíny salary, wage a pay. Salary je pravidelný měsíční plat. Wage je mzda (hl. placená od hodiny, týdně ap.). Pay je plat či výplata, tedy vyplácené peníze. Např. pay day je den výplaty ap. Obecný formální termín pro odměnu (či odměňování) za práci je většinou remuneration rɪˌmjuːnəˈreɪʃən.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte správné tvary trpného rodu.

    4 He left his car there and it steal .
    2 The house sell last week.
    5 My car has broken down. It needs to repair .
    8 This meat eat cooked.
    10 Over 20 new workers take on last month.
    7 You'll understand. English and French speak there.
    3 We can't go there. We not invite .
    6 The job pay well . You can make a lot of money.
    9 I don't understand it. The messages write in Chinese.
    1 I don't know its name. What it call ?

    Užitečný obrat s trpným rodem je: be held - konat se (má podobný význam jako nám již známé take place). Např.: A meeting was held. - Konala se schůzka. ap. Hold znamená držet, ale také pořádat či konat. Pozor! Hold je nepravidelné sloveso s tvary: Past tense (PT) - held hεld a Past participle (PP) - held hεld.

    Exercise 6

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    • Řekněte anglicky s použitím částice to. Využijte nápovědu.

    2 Očekávám, že nám pomůžete. expect you
    9 Měl štěstí, že našel práci. lucky
    6 Znám místo, kde se dá skvěle najíst. great place
    10 Promiňte, že vás obtěžuji. bother
    8 Předstírala, že neví. pretend, not
    7 Mám jiné věci na práci. other things
    5 Je toho tady hodně k vidění. a lot
    1 Byla překvapená, že mě vidí. surprised
    4 To rád slyším. glad
    3 Byl první, kdo to věděl. first

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte výroky s přibližně stejným významem.

    • 1 She was fired.
    • 2 She's got a pay rise.
    • 3 He's jobless.
    • 4 She's looking for a job.
    • 5 He's been promoted.
    • 6 She works for herself.
    • 7 He applied for a job.
    • 8 He quit his job.
    • h He's better off now.
    • g She lost her job.
    • c He sent a job application.
    • f She's trying to find employment.
    • b She's her own boss.
    • a He's unemployed.
    • e He stopped working there.
    • d She's better paid now.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte druhou větu tak, aby měla opačný význam než věta první.

    8 My car is repaired. – My car is .
    6 She lost her job. – She a new job.
    7 He bought the car last year. – He the car last year.
    9 Can you take me to the airport? – Can you me up at the airport?
    2 The keys were lost. – The keys were .
    10 When does the plane land? – When does the plane off?
    4 They got married. – They got .
    3 They hired 5 workers. – They 5 workers.
    5 He's jobless. – He's .
    1 It's getting better. – It's getting .

    Exercise 9

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    • Utvořte věty stejného významu pomocí trpného rodu.

    14 Our company employed him.
    9 You can eat it.
    5 They made him do it.
    7 They say that she is beautiful.
    1 They saw her there.
    10 Rich people buy these cars.
    11 Somebody lost the keys.
    13 They hired two employees.
    6 He promoted her.
    12 Nobody ever found it.
    2 Many workers use it.
    8 They gave us some money.
    3 She sent the message.
    4 Someone told him to do it.

    He is wanted. je česky: Hledá ho policie. (zločince ap.). Help wanted. znamená: Přijmeme výpomoc. (brigádníka ap.).

    Exercise 10

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    • Přečtěte a napište celými slovy anglicky.

    2 3/4
    11 0.25
    6 53
    12 3,650,500
    9 35 - 20 = 15
    1 2/3
    8 55 + 55 = 110
    4 1/2
    7 106
    10 27 : 9 = 3
    3 5/9
    5 32

    Exercise 11

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    • Přeložte změny stavu become, get, go, grow, turn. Využijte nápovědu.

    16 Brzy se unavila. tired
    1 Stmívá se. dark
    12 Zmokneš. wet
    3 Opili se. drunk
    6 Začíná to být těžké. difficult
    8 To jídlo se zkazí. bad
    10 Dostávám žízeň. thirsty
    5 Počasí se zhoršilo. worse
    11 Rozčílil se. angry
    7 Proslavila se. famous
    9 Dostali jsme hlad. hungry
    2 Na to si zvykneš. used to
    15 Přestává mě to bavit. tired
    4 Lepšíš se. better
    14 Začal jsem mít strach. afraid
    13 Počítač (se) zpomaluje. slow

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte vhodné slovo.

    3 We need more staff. We must new employees.
    4 He worked a programmer but was fired.
    5 These jobs are not well . You won't make much money.
    7 John hasn't found a job yet. He is still .
    10 There was no meeting yesterday. It was called .
    9 It's hard to get along with her. She angry very often.
    6 Why did she her job? – Her salary was too low.
    1 What does he do for a ? – He works as a teacher.
    8 He didn't send me the money. He me really angry.
    2 He applied a job, but he wasn't accepted.

    Exercise 13

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    • Řekněte podle nápovědy anglicky, co (si) kdo nechal či dal udělat.

    7 he, his jacket, wash
    2 my parents, new house, build
    6 she, hair, cut
    4 he, fire her
    8 we, the table, make
    5 we, food, bring to our room
    3 they, room, clean
    1 I, car, repair

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte. Kde lze, použijte trpný rod.

    5 Jak se to nazývá anglicky?
    6 Byli potrestáni.
    12 Dostala padáka.
    10 V Británii se mluví anglicky.
    3 Dělám sám na sebe.
    13 Zvykl jsem si na to.
    4 Byl povýšen.
    7 Jak se to dělá?
    9 Ukradli mu auto.
    11 Vyrábí se tam auta.
    8 Najali 5 pracovníků.
    1 Čím se živíte?
    18 Dvě třetiny z nich dostaly přidáno.
    2 Pracuji jako účetní.
    17 Dostal padáka.
    14 Rezervace byla zrušena.
    16 Musím si ti nechat opravit.
    15 Prodalo se 1000 aut.

    Sloveso fire (vyhodit z práce) je běžné, ale spíše hovorové. Znamená též mimo jiné vypálit, vystřelit (ze zbraně ap.). Formální termín pro propustit (z práce) je dismiss dɪsˈmɪs. Např. He was dismissed. - Byl propuštěn.