Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    3 I'm an employee.
    2 I work for myself.
    5 He started his own business.
    11 He's employed by our company.
    6 She applied for a job.
    4 He makes a lot of money.
    1 What do you do for a living?
    10 This word is not used often.
    9 The e-mail was sent yesterday.
    12 They were fired.
    7 What is meant by that?
    8 What is it called in English?

    Už znáte užití koncovky -er - váže se k subjektu, jenž něco činí, např. employer, worker. Podobně funguje u některých sloves koncovka -or např.: translate (přeložit) - translator (překladatel) ap. Všimněte si též koncovky -ee např. u slova employee. Ta se naopak užívá u osoby, která je činnosti podrobena. Např. interviewer (dotazovatel) - interviewee (dotazovaný - u pohovoru ap.).

    Exercise 2

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    3 Bob doesn't work for a British company now.
    6 Jack got the job.
    2 Mark works on a computer.
    5 Some workers lost their jobs.
    7 I make more money now.
    8 John has already found a job.
    1 Jane works for herself.
    4 Less than 50 workers work for the company.

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 The food will go bad.
    • 2 She got fired.
    • 3 I'm getting thirsty.
    • 4 It makes me angry.
    • 5 He got angry.
    • 6 It's not getting better.
    • 7 It's getting cold.
    • 8 He should get used to it.
    • f Naštval se.
    • c Jídlo se zkazí.
    • a Ochlazuje se.
    • e Měl by si na to zvyknout.
    • g Dostala padáka.
    • h Štve mě to.
    • d Nelepší se to.
    • b Dostávám žízeň.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    6 They were fired last month and they are still employed/jobless/applied.
    4 He was often late for work. So he was fired/accepted/employed.
    11 They needed more workers. They took out/for/on new staff.
    5 She didn't like her job. She decided to apply/get off/quit.
    10 Our plane takes on/out/off at 10 a.m.
    3 He got the job – Oh really? I'm so nice/glad/fine to hear that.
    1 She works like/as/such as a teacher. She teaches English.
    7 He'll be promoted and get a pay rise/loss/raise.
    9 He gets angry very often. It's hard to get by/along/after with him.
    2 He applied for a job, but he wasn't taken/received/accepted.
    8 I'm very tired. I need to take/get/give some sleep.

    Nezaměňujte anglické termíny salary, wage a pay. Salary je pravidelný měsíční plat. Wage je mzda (hl. placená od hodiny, týdně ap.). Pay je plat či výplata, tedy vyplácené peníze. Např. pay day je den výplaty ap. Obecný formální termín pro odměnu (či odměňování) za práci je většinou remuneration rɪˌmjuːnəˈreɪʃən.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte správné tvary trpného rodu.

    7 You'll understand. English and French speak there.
    5 My car has broken down. It needs to repair .
    9 I don't understand it. The messages write in Chinese.
    2 The house sell last week.
    1 I don't know its name. What it call ?
    6 The job pay well . You can make a lot of money.
    10 Over 20 new workers take on last month.
    3 We can't go there. We not invite .
    8 This meat eat cooked.
    4 He left his car there and it steal .

    Užitečný obrat s trpným rodem je: be held - konat se (má podobný význam jako nám již známé take place). Např.: A meeting was held. - Konala se schůzka. ap. Hold znamená držet, ale také pořádat či konat. Pozor! Hold je nepravidelné sloveso s tvary: Past tense (PT) - held hεld a Past participle (PP) - held hεld.

    Exercise 6

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    • Řekněte anglicky s použitím částice to. Využijte nápovědu.

    8 Předstírala, že neví. pretend, not
    5 Je toho tady hodně k vidění. a lot
    3 Byl první, kdo to věděl. first
    7 Mám jiné věci na práci. other things
    2 Očekávám, že nám pomůžete. expect you
    9 Měl štěstí, že našel práci. lucky
    1 Byla překvapená, že mě vidí. surprised
    6 Znám místo, kde se dá skvěle najíst. great place
    10 Promiňte, že vás obtěžuji. bother
    4 To rád slyším. glad

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte výroky s přibližně stejným významem.

    • 1 She was fired.
    • 2 She's got a pay rise.
    • 3 He's jobless.
    • 4 She's looking for a job.
    • 5 He's been promoted.
    • 6 She works for herself.
    • 7 He applied for a job.
    • 8 He quit his job.
    • a He's unemployed.
    • d She's better paid now.
    • b She's her own boss.
    • f She's trying to find employment.
    • h He's better off now.
    • g She lost her job.
    • c He sent a job application.
    • e He stopped working there.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte druhou větu tak, aby měla opačný význam než věta první.

    8 My car is repaired. – My car is .
    7 He bought the car last year. – He the car last year.
    2 The keys were lost. – The keys were .
    9 Can you take me to the airport? – Can you me up at the airport?
    10 When does the plane land? – When does the plane off?
    5 He's jobless. – He's .
    3 They hired 5 workers. – They 5 workers.
    1 It's getting better. – It's getting .
    4 They got married. – They got .
    6 She lost her job. – She a new job.

    Exercise 9

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    • Utvořte věty stejného významu pomocí trpného rodu.

    1 They saw her there.
    3 She sent the message.
    14 Our company employed him.
    10 Rich people buy these cars.
    2 Many workers use it.
    9 You can eat it.
    12 Nobody ever found it.
    7 They say that she is beautiful.
    8 They gave us some money.
    11 Somebody lost the keys.
    13 They hired two employees.
    6 He promoted her.
    5 They made him do it.
    4 Someone told him to do it.

    He is wanted. je česky: Hledá ho policie. (zločince ap.). Help wanted. znamená: Přijmeme výpomoc. (brigádníka ap.).

    Exercise 10

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    • Přečtěte a napište celými slovy anglicky.

    1 2/3
    11 0.25
    8 55 + 55 = 110
    9 35 - 20 = 15
    6 53
    10 27 : 9 = 3
    12 3,650,500
    5 32
    3 5/9
    7 106
    2 3/4
    4 1/2

    Exercise 11

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    • Přeložte změny stavu become, get, go, grow, turn. Využijte nápovědu.

    7 Proslavila se. famous
    3 Opili se. drunk
    15 Přestává mě to bavit. tired
    11 Rozčílil se. angry
    9 Dostali jsme hlad. hungry
    14 Začal jsem mít strach. afraid
    2 Na to si zvykneš. used to
    4 Lepšíš se. better
    13 Počítač (se) zpomaluje. slow
    1 Stmívá se. dark
    8 To jídlo se zkazí. bad
    5 Počasí se zhoršilo. worse
    16 Brzy se unavila. tired
    12 Zmokneš. wet
    6 Začíná to být těžké. difficult
    10 Dostávám žízeň. thirsty

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte vhodné slovo.

    5 These jobs are not well . You won't make much money.
    4 He worked a programmer but was fired.
    6 Why did she her job? – Her salary was too low.
    8 He didn't send me the money. He me really angry.
    7 John hasn't found a job yet. He is still .
    1 What does he do for a ? – He works as a teacher.
    2 He applied a job, but he wasn't accepted.
    9 It's hard to get along with her. She angry very often.
    3 We need more staff. We must new employees.
    10 There was no meeting yesterday. It was called .

    Exercise 13

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    • Řekněte podle nápovědy anglicky, co (si) kdo nechal či dal udělat.

    3 they, room, clean
    2 my parents, new house, build
    8 we, the table, make
    6 she, hair, cut
    7 he, his jacket, wash
    5 we, food, bring to our room
    1 I, car, repair
    4 he, fire her

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte. Kde lze, použijte trpný rod.

    16 Musím si ti nechat opravit.
    11 Vyrábí se tam auta.
    5 Jak se to nazývá anglicky?
    17 Dostal padáka.
    12 Dostala padáka.
    7 Jak se to dělá?
    15 Prodalo se 1000 aut.
    13 Zvykl jsem si na to.
    8 Najali 5 pracovníků.
    4 Byl povýšen.
    10 V Británii se mluví anglicky.
    14 Rezervace byla zrušena.
    3 Dělám sám na sebe.
    1 Čím se živíte?
    6 Byli potrestáni.
    18 Dvě třetiny z nich dostaly přidáno.
    9 Ukradli mu auto.
    2 Pracuji jako účetní.

    Sloveso fire (vyhodit z práce) je běžné, ale spíše hovorové. Znamená též mimo jiné vypálit, vystřelit (ze zbraně ap.). Formální termín pro propustit (z práce) je dismiss dɪsˈmɪs. Např. He was dismissed. - Byl propuštěn.