Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    2 I work for myself.
    8 What is it called in English?
    9 The e-mail was sent yesterday.
    11 He's employed by our company.
    7 What is meant by that?
    1 What do you do for a living?
    6 She applied for a job.
    10 This word is not used often.
    12 They were fired.
    4 He makes a lot of money.
    5 He started his own business.
    3 I'm an employee.

    Už znáte užití koncovky -er - váže se k subjektu, jenž něco činí, např. employer, worker. Podobně funguje u některých sloves koncovka -or např.: translate (přeložit) - translator (překladatel) ap. Všimněte si též koncovky -ee např. u slova employee. Ta se naopak užívá u osoby, která je činnosti podrobena. Např. interviewer (dotazovatel) - interviewee (dotazovaný - u pohovoru ap.).

    Exercise 2

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    2 Mark works on a computer.
    6 Jack got the job.
    8 John has already found a job.
    4 Less than 50 workers work for the company.
    1 Jane works for herself.
    5 Some workers lost their jobs.
    3 Bob doesn't work for a British company now.
    7 I make more money now.

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 The food will go bad.
    • 2 She got fired.
    • 3 I'm getting thirsty.
    • 4 It makes me angry.
    • 5 He got angry.
    • 6 It's not getting better.
    • 7 It's getting cold.
    • 8 He should get used to it.
    • e Měl by si na to zvyknout.
    • d Nelepší se to.
    • g Dostala padáka.
    • a Ochlazuje se.
    • c Jídlo se zkazí.
    • h Štve mě to.
    • b Dostávám žízeň.
    • f Naštval se.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    2 He applied for a job, but he wasn't taken/received/accepted.
    5 She didn't like her job. She decided to apply/get off/quit.
    6 They were fired last month and they are still employed/jobless/applied.
    4 He was often late for work. So he was fired/accepted/employed.
    3 He got the job – Oh really? I'm so nice/glad/fine to hear that.
    1 She works like/as/such as a teacher. She teaches English.
    11 They needed more workers. They took out/for/on new staff.
    7 He'll be promoted and get a pay rise/loss/raise.
    8 I'm very tired. I need to take/get/give some sleep.
    10 Our plane takes on/out/off at 10 a.m.
    9 He gets angry very often. It's hard to get by/along/after with him.

    Nezaměňujte anglické termíny salary, wage a pay. Salary je pravidelný měsíční plat. Wage je mzda (hl. placená od hodiny, týdně ap.). Pay je plat či výplata, tedy vyplácené peníze. Např. pay day je den výplaty ap. Obecný formální termín pro odměnu (či odměňování) za práci je většinou remuneration rɪˌmjuːnəˈreɪʃən.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte správné tvary trpného rodu.

    7 You'll understand. English and French speak there.
    9 I don't understand it. The messages write in Chinese.
    3 We can't go there. We not invite .
    2 The house sell last week.
    5 My car has broken down. It needs to repair .
    10 Over 20 new workers take on last month.
    4 He left his car there and it steal .
    8 This meat eat cooked.
    1 I don't know its name. What it call ?
    6 The job pay well . You can make a lot of money.

    Užitečný obrat s trpným rodem je: be held - konat se (má podobný význam jako nám již známé take place). Např.: A meeting was held. - Konala se schůzka. ap. Hold znamená držet, ale také pořádat či konat. Pozor! Hold je nepravidelné sloveso s tvary: Past tense (PT) - held hεld a Past participle (PP) - held hεld.

    Exercise 6

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    • Řekněte anglicky s použitím částice to. Využijte nápovědu.

    6 Znám místo, kde se dá skvěle najíst. great place
    9 Měl štěstí, že našel práci. lucky
    7 Mám jiné věci na práci. other things
    5 Je toho tady hodně k vidění. a lot
    2 Očekávám, že nám pomůžete. expect you
    1 Byla překvapená, že mě vidí. surprised
    8 Předstírala, že neví. pretend, not
    4 To rád slyším. glad
    3 Byl první, kdo to věděl. first
    10 Promiňte, že vás obtěžuji. bother

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte výroky s přibližně stejným významem.

    • 1 She was fired.
    • 2 She's got a pay rise.
    • 3 He's jobless.
    • 4 She's looking for a job.
    • 5 He's been promoted.
    • 6 She works for herself.
    • 7 He applied for a job.
    • 8 He quit his job.
    • c He sent a job application.
    • e He stopped working there.
    • a He's unemployed.
    • b She's her own boss.
    • d She's better paid now.
    • f She's trying to find employment.
    • g She lost her job.
    • h He's better off now.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte druhou větu tak, aby měla opačný význam než věta první.

    8 My car is repaired. – My car is .
    5 He's jobless. – He's .
    7 He bought the car last year. – He the car last year.
    4 They got married. – They got .
    2 The keys were lost. – The keys were .
    3 They hired 5 workers. – They 5 workers.
    6 She lost her job. – She a new job.
    1 It's getting better. – It's getting .
    10 When does the plane land? – When does the plane off?
    9 Can you take me to the airport? – Can you me up at the airport?

    Exercise 9

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    • Utvořte věty stejného významu pomocí trpného rodu.

    4 Someone told him to do it.
    9 You can eat it.
    3 She sent the message.
    8 They gave us some money.
    6 He promoted her.
    12 Nobody ever found it.
    13 They hired two employees.
    2 Many workers use it.
    1 They saw her there.
    5 They made him do it.
    11 Somebody lost the keys.
    10 Rich people buy these cars.
    14 Our company employed him.
    7 They say that she is beautiful.

    He is wanted. je česky: Hledá ho policie. (zločince ap.). Help wanted. znamená: Přijmeme výpomoc. (brigádníka ap.).

    Exercise 10

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    • Přečtěte a napište celými slovy anglicky.

    11 0.25
    10 27 : 9 = 3
    3 5/9
    8 55 + 55 = 110
    5 32
    1 2/3
    4 1/2
    6 53
    9 35 - 20 = 15
    2 3/4
    7 106
    12 3,650,500

    Exercise 11

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    • Přeložte změny stavu become, get, go, grow, turn. Využijte nápovědu.

    3 Opili se. drunk
    10 Dostávám žízeň. thirsty
    9 Dostali jsme hlad. hungry
    8 To jídlo se zkazí. bad
    6 Začíná to být těžké. difficult
    4 Lepšíš se. better
    15 Přestává mě to bavit. tired
    1 Stmívá se. dark
    12 Zmokneš. wet
    7 Proslavila se. famous
    5 Počasí se zhoršilo. worse
    13 Počítač (se) zpomaluje. slow
    14 Začal jsem mít strach. afraid
    11 Rozčílil se. angry
    16 Brzy se unavila. tired
    2 Na to si zvykneš. used to

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte vhodné slovo.

    5 These jobs are not well . You won't make much money.
    10 There was no meeting yesterday. It was called .
    9 It's hard to get along with her. She angry very often.
    3 We need more staff. We must new employees.
    8 He didn't send me the money. He me really angry.
    4 He worked a programmer but was fired.
    2 He applied a job, but he wasn't accepted.
    6 Why did she her job? – Her salary was too low.
    7 John hasn't found a job yet. He is still .
    1 What does he do for a ? – He works as a teacher.

    Exercise 13

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    • Řekněte podle nápovědy anglicky, co (si) kdo nechal či dal udělat.

    7 he, his jacket, wash
    2 my parents, new house, build
    3 they, room, clean
    8 we, the table, make
    1 I, car, repair
    6 she, hair, cut
    5 we, food, bring to our room
    4 he, fire her

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte. Kde lze, použijte trpný rod.

    13 Zvykl jsem si na to.
    3 Dělám sám na sebe.
    7 Jak se to dělá?
    18 Dvě třetiny z nich dostaly přidáno.
    16 Musím si ti nechat opravit.
    5 Jak se to nazývá anglicky?
    6 Byli potrestáni.
    8 Najali 5 pracovníků.
    14 Rezervace byla zrušena.
    1 Čím se živíte?
    15 Prodalo se 1000 aut.
    17 Dostal padáka.
    4 Byl povýšen.
    9 Ukradli mu auto.
    10 V Británii se mluví anglicky.
    11 Vyrábí se tam auta.
    12 Dostala padáka.
    2 Pracuji jako účetní.

    Sloveso fire (vyhodit z práce) je běžné, ale spíše hovorové. Znamená též mimo jiné vypálit, vystřelit (ze zbraně ap.). Formální termín pro propustit (z práce) je dismiss dɪsˈmɪs. Např. He was dismissed. - Byl propuštěn.