Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    8 What is it called in English?
    9 The e-mail was sent yesterday.
    10 This word is not used often.
    5 He started his own business.
    1 What do you do for a living?
    3 I'm an employee.
    2 I work for myself.
    6 She applied for a job.
    11 He's employed by our company.
    7 What is meant by that?
    12 They were fired.
    4 He makes a lot of money.

    Už znáte užití koncovky -er - váže se k subjektu, jenž něco činí, např. employer, worker. Podobně funguje u některých sloves koncovka -or např.: translate (přeložit) - translator (překladatel) ap. Všimněte si též koncovky -ee např. u slova employee. Ta se naopak užívá u osoby, která je činnosti podrobena. Např. interviewer (dotazovatel) - interviewee (dotazovaný - u pohovoru ap.).

    Exercise 2

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    6 Jack got the job.
    4 Less than 50 workers work for the company.
    7 I make more money now.
    3 Bob doesn't work for a British company now.
    1 Jane works for herself.
    2 Mark works on a computer.
    8 John has already found a job.
    5 Some workers lost their jobs.

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 The food will go bad.
    • 2 She got fired.
    • 3 I'm getting thirsty.
    • 4 It makes me angry.
    • 5 He got angry.
    • 6 It's not getting better.
    • 7 It's getting cold.
    • 8 He should get used to it.
    • f Naštval se.
    • a Ochlazuje se.
    • e Měl by si na to zvyknout.
    • h Štve mě to.
    • b Dostávám žízeň.
    • c Jídlo se zkazí.
    • g Dostala padáka.
    • d Nelepší se to.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    11 They needed more workers. They took out/for/on new staff.
    7 He'll be promoted and get a pay rise/loss/raise.
    2 He applied for a job, but he wasn't taken/received/accepted.
    4 He was often late for work. So he was fired/accepted/employed.
    3 He got the job – Oh really? I'm so nice/glad/fine to hear that.
    5 She didn't like her job. She decided to apply/get off/quit.
    10 Our plane takes on/out/off at 10 a.m.
    9 He gets angry very often. It's hard to get by/along/after with him.
    6 They were fired last month and they are still employed/jobless/applied.
    1 She works like/as/such as a teacher. She teaches English.
    8 I'm very tired. I need to take/get/give some sleep.

    Nezaměňujte anglické termíny salary, wage a pay. Salary je pravidelný měsíční plat. Wage je mzda (hl. placená od hodiny, týdně ap.). Pay je plat či výplata, tedy vyplácené peníze. Např. pay day je den výplaty ap. Obecný formální termín pro odměnu (či odměňování) za práci je většinou remuneration rɪˌmjuːnəˈreɪʃən.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte správné tvary trpného rodu.

    10 Over 20 new workers take on last month.
    3 We can't go there. We not invite .
    2 The house sell last week.
    5 My car has broken down. It needs to repair .
    1 I don't know its name. What it call ?
    9 I don't understand it. The messages write in Chinese.
    6 The job pay well . You can make a lot of money.
    7 You'll understand. English and French speak there.
    8 This meat eat cooked.
    4 He left his car there and it steal .

    Užitečný obrat s trpným rodem je: be held - konat se (má podobný význam jako nám již známé take place). Např.: A meeting was held. - Konala se schůzka. ap. Hold znamená držet, ale také pořádat či konat. Pozor! Hold je nepravidelné sloveso s tvary: Past tense (PT) - held hεld a Past participle (PP) - held hεld.

    Exercise 6

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    • Řekněte anglicky s použitím částice to. Využijte nápovědu.

    10 Promiňte, že vás obtěžuji. bother
    9 Měl štěstí, že našel práci. lucky
    5 Je toho tady hodně k vidění. a lot
    3 Byl první, kdo to věděl. first
    8 Předstírala, že neví. pretend, not
    1 Byla překvapená, že mě vidí. surprised
    6 Znám místo, kde se dá skvěle najíst. great place
    4 To rád slyším. glad
    2 Očekávám, že nám pomůžete. expect you
    7 Mám jiné věci na práci. other things

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte výroky s přibližně stejným významem.

    • 1 She was fired.
    • 2 She's got a pay rise.
    • 3 He's jobless.
    • 4 She's looking for a job.
    • 5 He's been promoted.
    • 6 She works for herself.
    • 7 He applied for a job.
    • 8 He quit his job.
    • b She's her own boss.
    • g She lost her job.
    • d She's better paid now.
    • e He stopped working there.
    • c He sent a job application.
    • a He's unemployed.
    • h He's better off now.
    • f She's trying to find employment.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte druhou větu tak, aby měla opačný význam než věta první.

    4 They got married. – They got .
    7 He bought the car last year. – He the car last year.
    9 Can you take me to the airport? – Can you me up at the airport?
    6 She lost her job. – She a new job.
    3 They hired 5 workers. – They 5 workers.
    8 My car is repaired. – My car is .
    1 It's getting better. – It's getting .
    2 The keys were lost. – The keys were .
    5 He's jobless. – He's .
    10 When does the plane land? – When does the plane off?

    Exercise 9

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    • Utvořte věty stejného významu pomocí trpného rodu.

    7 They say that she is beautiful.
    6 He promoted her.
    5 They made him do it.
    3 She sent the message.
    12 Nobody ever found it.
    10 Rich people buy these cars.
    9 You can eat it.
    1 They saw her there.
    2 Many workers use it.
    13 They hired two employees.
    11 Somebody lost the keys.
    4 Someone told him to do it.
    14 Our company employed him.
    8 They gave us some money.

    He is wanted. je česky: Hledá ho policie. (zločince ap.). Help wanted. znamená: Přijmeme výpomoc. (brigádníka ap.).

    Exercise 10

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    • Přečtěte a napište celými slovy anglicky.

    5 32
    9 35 - 20 = 15
    12 3,650,500
    2 3/4
    6 53
    11 0.25
    7 106
    1 2/3
    10 27 : 9 = 3
    4 1/2
    3 5/9
    8 55 + 55 = 110

    Exercise 11

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    • Přeložte změny stavu become, get, go, grow, turn. Využijte nápovědu.

    2 Na to si zvykneš. used to
    8 To jídlo se zkazí. bad
    13 Počítač (se) zpomaluje. slow
    16 Brzy se unavila. tired
    1 Stmívá se. dark
    3 Opili se. drunk
    11 Rozčílil se. angry
    7 Proslavila se. famous
    10 Dostávám žízeň. thirsty
    4 Lepšíš se. better
    14 Začal jsem mít strach. afraid
    12 Zmokneš. wet
    9 Dostali jsme hlad. hungry
    15 Přestává mě to bavit. tired
    6 Začíná to být těžké. difficult
    5 Počasí se zhoršilo. worse

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte vhodné slovo.

    10 There was no meeting yesterday. It was called .
    7 John hasn't found a job yet. He is still .
    1 What does he do for a ? – He works as a teacher.
    4 He worked a programmer but was fired.
    2 He applied a job, but he wasn't accepted.
    6 Why did she her job? – Her salary was too low.
    9 It's hard to get along with her. She angry very often.
    5 These jobs are not well . You won't make much money.
    3 We need more staff. We must new employees.
    8 He didn't send me the money. He me really angry.

    Exercise 13

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    • Řekněte podle nápovědy anglicky, co (si) kdo nechal či dal udělat.

    1 I, car, repair
    5 we, food, bring to our room
    6 she, hair, cut
    3 they, room, clean
    8 we, the table, make
    2 my parents, new house, build
    4 he, fire her
    7 he, his jacket, wash

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte. Kde lze, použijte trpný rod.

    5 Jak se to nazývá anglicky?
    6 Byli potrestáni.
    13 Zvykl jsem si na to.
    17 Dostal padáka.
    4 Byl povýšen.
    14 Rezervace byla zrušena.
    9 Ukradli mu auto.
    16 Musím si ti nechat opravit.
    8 Najali 5 pracovníků.
    11 Vyrábí se tam auta.
    18 Dvě třetiny z nich dostaly přidáno.
    15 Prodalo se 1000 aut.
    3 Dělám sám na sebe.
    7 Jak se to dělá?
    12 Dostala padáka.
    10 V Británii se mluví anglicky.
    2 Pracuji jako účetní.
    1 Čím se živíte?

    Sloveso fire (vyhodit z práce) je běžné, ale spíše hovorové. Znamená též mimo jiné vypálit, vystřelit (ze zbraně ap.). Formální termín pro propustit (z práce) je dismiss dɪsˈmɪs. Např. He was dismissed. - Byl propuštěn.