Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    2 I work for myself.
    5 He started his own business.
    4 He makes a lot of money.
    9 The e-mail was sent yesterday.
    3 I'm an employee.
    8 What is it called in English?
    6 She applied for a job.
    7 What is meant by that?
    10 This word is not used often.
    1 What do you do for a living?
    11 He's employed by our company.
    12 They were fired.

    Už znáte užití koncovky -er - váže se k subjektu, jenž něco činí, např. employer, worker. Podobně funguje u některých sloves koncovka -or např.: translate (přeložit) - translator (překladatel) ap. Všimněte si též koncovky -ee např. u slova employee. Ta se naopak užívá u osoby, která je činnosti podrobena. Např. interviewer (dotazovatel) - interviewee (dotazovaný - u pohovoru ap.).

    Exercise 2

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    2 Mark works on a computer.
    6 Jack got the job.
    4 Less than 50 workers work for the company.
    1 Jane works for herself.
    7 I make more money now.
    8 John has already found a job.
    3 Bob doesn't work for a British company now.
    5 Some workers lost their jobs.

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 The food will go bad.
    • 2 She got fired.
    • 3 I'm getting thirsty.
    • 4 It makes me angry.
    • 5 He got angry.
    • 6 It's not getting better.
    • 7 It's getting cold.
    • 8 He should get used to it.
    • e Měl by si na to zvyknout.
    • a Ochlazuje se.
    • d Nelepší se to.
    • b Dostávám žízeň.
    • f Naštval se.
    • c Jídlo se zkazí.
    • h Štve mě to.
    • g Dostala padáka.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    2 He applied for a job, but he wasn't taken/received/accepted.
    7 He'll be promoted and get a pay rise/loss/raise.
    8 I'm very tired. I need to take/get/give some sleep.
    4 He was often late for work. So he was fired/accepted/employed.
    11 They needed more workers. They took out/for/on new staff.
    9 He gets angry very often. It's hard to get by/along/after with him.
    5 She didn't like her job. She decided to apply/get off/quit.
    1 She works like/as/such as a teacher. She teaches English.
    6 They were fired last month and they are still employed/jobless/applied.
    3 He got the job – Oh really? I'm so nice/glad/fine to hear that.
    10 Our plane takes on/out/off at 10 a.m.

    Nezaměňujte anglické termíny salary, wage a pay. Salary je pravidelný měsíční plat. Wage je mzda (hl. placená od hodiny, týdně ap.). Pay je plat či výplata, tedy vyplácené peníze. Např. pay day je den výplaty ap. Obecný formální termín pro odměnu (či odměňování) za práci je většinou remuneration rɪˌmjuːnəˈreɪʃən.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte správné tvary trpného rodu.

    6 The job pay well . You can make a lot of money.
    9 I don't understand it. The messages write in Chinese.
    7 You'll understand. English and French speak there.
    1 I don't know its name. What it call ?
    5 My car has broken down. It needs to repair .
    10 Over 20 new workers take on last month.
    2 The house sell last week.
    8 This meat eat cooked.
    4 He left his car there and it steal .
    3 We can't go there. We not invite .

    Užitečný obrat s trpným rodem je: be held - konat se (má podobný význam jako nám již známé take place). Např.: A meeting was held. - Konala se schůzka. ap. Hold znamená držet, ale také pořádat či konat. Pozor! Hold je nepravidelné sloveso s tvary: Past tense (PT) - held hεld a Past participle (PP) - held hεld.

    Exercise 6

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    • Řekněte anglicky s použitím částice to. Využijte nápovědu.

    5 Je toho tady hodně k vidění. a lot
    9 Měl štěstí, že našel práci. lucky
    8 Předstírala, že neví. pretend, not
    10 Promiňte, že vás obtěžuji. bother
    4 To rád slyším. glad
    2 Očekávám, že nám pomůžete. expect you
    6 Znám místo, kde se dá skvěle najíst. great place
    7 Mám jiné věci na práci. other things
    1 Byla překvapená, že mě vidí. surprised
    3 Byl první, kdo to věděl. first

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte výroky s přibližně stejným významem.

    • 1 She was fired.
    • 2 She's got a pay rise.
    • 3 He's jobless.
    • 4 She's looking for a job.
    • 5 He's been promoted.
    • 6 She works for herself.
    • 7 He applied for a job.
    • 8 He quit his job.
    • f She's trying to find employment.
    • e He stopped working there.
    • h He's better off now.
    • c He sent a job application.
    • d She's better paid now.
    • b She's her own boss.
    • a He's unemployed.
    • g She lost her job.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte druhou větu tak, aby měla opačný význam než věta první.

    2 The keys were lost. – The keys were .
    10 When does the plane land? – When does the plane off?
    1 It's getting better. – It's getting .
    8 My car is repaired. – My car is .
    6 She lost her job. – She a new job.
    3 They hired 5 workers. – They 5 workers.
    4 They got married. – They got .
    7 He bought the car last year. – He the car last year.
    9 Can you take me to the airport? – Can you me up at the airport?
    5 He's jobless. – He's .

    Exercise 9

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    • Utvořte věty stejného významu pomocí trpného rodu.

    6 He promoted her.
    4 Someone told him to do it.
    7 They say that she is beautiful.
    14 Our company employed him.
    10 Rich people buy these cars.
    2 Many workers use it.
    1 They saw her there.
    9 You can eat it.
    5 They made him do it.
    11 Somebody lost the keys.
    8 They gave us some money.
    13 They hired two employees.
    3 She sent the message.
    12 Nobody ever found it.

    He is wanted. je česky: Hledá ho policie. (zločince ap.). Help wanted. znamená: Přijmeme výpomoc. (brigádníka ap.).

    Exercise 10

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    • Přečtěte a napište celými slovy anglicky.

    1 2/3
    5 32
    6 53
    3 5/9
    10 27 : 9 = 3
    11 0.25
    8 55 + 55 = 110
    7 106
    2 3/4
    12 3,650,500
    4 1/2
    9 35 - 20 = 15

    Exercise 11

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    • Přeložte změny stavu become, get, go, grow, turn. Využijte nápovědu.

    16 Brzy se unavila. tired
    13 Počítač (se) zpomaluje. slow
    8 To jídlo se zkazí. bad
    11 Rozčílil se. angry
    10 Dostávám žízeň. thirsty
    2 Na to si zvykneš. used to
    9 Dostali jsme hlad. hungry
    12 Zmokneš. wet
    3 Opili se. drunk
    1 Stmívá se. dark
    15 Přestává mě to bavit. tired
    5 Počasí se zhoršilo. worse
    7 Proslavila se. famous
    14 Začal jsem mít strach. afraid
    6 Začíná to být těžké. difficult
    4 Lepšíš se. better

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte vhodné slovo.

    5 These jobs are not well . You won't make much money.
    2 He applied a job, but he wasn't accepted.
    7 John hasn't found a job yet. He is still .
    8 He didn't send me the money. He me really angry.
    6 Why did she her job? – Her salary was too low.
    1 What does he do for a ? – He works as a teacher.
    9 It's hard to get along with her. She angry very often.
    4 He worked a programmer but was fired.
    10 There was no meeting yesterday. It was called .
    3 We need more staff. We must new employees.

    Exercise 13

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    • Řekněte podle nápovědy anglicky, co (si) kdo nechal či dal udělat.

    4 he, fire her
    5 we, food, bring to our room
    7 he, his jacket, wash
    6 she, hair, cut
    1 I, car, repair
    3 they, room, clean
    2 my parents, new house, build
    8 we, the table, make

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte. Kde lze, použijte trpný rod.

    7 Jak se to dělá?
    2 Pracuji jako účetní.
    3 Dělám sám na sebe.
    18 Dvě třetiny z nich dostaly přidáno.
    15 Prodalo se 1000 aut.
    17 Dostal padáka.
    13 Zvykl jsem si na to.
    12 Dostala padáka.
    8 Najali 5 pracovníků.
    10 V Británii se mluví anglicky.
    11 Vyrábí se tam auta.
    1 Čím se živíte?
    14 Rezervace byla zrušena.
    4 Byl povýšen.
    5 Jak se to nazývá anglicky?
    9 Ukradli mu auto.
    6 Byli potrestáni.
    16 Musím si ti nechat opravit.

    Sloveso fire (vyhodit z práce) je běžné, ale spíše hovorové. Znamená též mimo jiné vypálit, vystřelit (ze zbraně ap.). Formální termín pro propustit (z práce) je dismiss dɪsˈmɪs. Např. He was dismissed. - Byl propuštěn.