Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    4 He makes a lot of money.
    12 They were fired.
    1 What do you do for a living?
    6 She applied for a job.
    9 The e-mail was sent yesterday.
    5 He started his own business.
    10 This word is not used often.
    11 He's employed by our company.
    7 What is meant by that?
    2 I work for myself.
    8 What is it called in English?
    3 I'm an employee.

    Už znáte užití koncovky -er - váže se k subjektu, jenž něco činí, např. employer, worker. Podobně funguje u některých sloves koncovka -or např.: translate (přeložit) - translator (překladatel) ap. Všimněte si též koncovky -ee např. u slova employee. Ta se naopak užívá u osoby, která je činnosti podrobena. Např. interviewer (dotazovatel) - interviewee (dotazovaný - u pohovoru ap.).

    Exercise 2

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    2 Mark works on a computer.
    4 Less than 50 workers work for the company.
    3 Bob doesn't work for a British company now.
    7 I make more money now.
    6 Jack got the job.
    1 Jane works for herself.
    5 Some workers lost their jobs.
    8 John has already found a job.

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 The food will go bad.
    • 2 She got fired.
    • 3 I'm getting thirsty.
    • 4 It makes me angry.
    • 5 He got angry.
    • 6 It's not getting better.
    • 7 It's getting cold.
    • 8 He should get used to it.
    • b Dostávám žízeň.
    • d Nelepší se to.
    • f Naštval se.
    • c Jídlo se zkazí.
    • g Dostala padáka.
    • e Měl by si na to zvyknout.
    • a Ochlazuje se.
    • h Štve mě to.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    10 Our plane takes on/out/off at 10 a.m.
    9 He gets angry very often. It's hard to get by/along/after with him.
    11 They needed more workers. They took out/for/on new staff.
    5 She didn't like her job. She decided to apply/get off/quit.
    2 He applied for a job, but he wasn't taken/received/accepted.
    7 He'll be promoted and get a pay rise/loss/raise.
    4 He was often late for work. So he was fired/accepted/employed.
    1 She works like/as/such as a teacher. She teaches English.
    6 They were fired last month and they are still employed/jobless/applied.
    8 I'm very tired. I need to take/get/give some sleep.
    3 He got the job – Oh really? I'm so nice/glad/fine to hear that.

    Nezaměňujte anglické termíny salary, wage a pay. Salary je pravidelný měsíční plat. Wage je mzda (hl. placená od hodiny, týdně ap.). Pay je plat či výplata, tedy vyplácené peníze. Např. pay day je den výplaty ap. Obecný formální termín pro odměnu (či odměňování) za práci je většinou remuneration rɪˌmjuːnəˈreɪʃən.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte správné tvary trpného rodu.

    3 We can't go there. We not invite .
    9 I don't understand it. The messages write in Chinese.
    10 Over 20 new workers take on last month.
    6 The job pay well . You can make a lot of money.
    8 This meat eat cooked.
    1 I don't know its name. What it call ?
    2 The house sell last week.
    4 He left his car there and it steal .
    7 You'll understand. English and French speak there.
    5 My car has broken down. It needs to repair .

    Užitečný obrat s trpným rodem je: be held - konat se (má podobný význam jako nám již známé take place). Např.: A meeting was held. - Konala se schůzka. ap. Hold znamená držet, ale také pořádat či konat. Pozor! Hold je nepravidelné sloveso s tvary: Past tense (PT) - held hεld a Past participle (PP) - held hεld.

    Exercise 6

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    • Řekněte anglicky s použitím částice to. Využijte nápovědu.

    8 Předstírala, že neví. pretend, not
    10 Promiňte, že vás obtěžuji. bother
    5 Je toho tady hodně k vidění. a lot
    9 Měl štěstí, že našel práci. lucky
    3 Byl první, kdo to věděl. first
    2 Očekávám, že nám pomůžete. expect you
    4 To rád slyším. glad
    1 Byla překvapená, že mě vidí. surprised
    6 Znám místo, kde se dá skvěle najíst. great place
    7 Mám jiné věci na práci. other things

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte výroky s přibližně stejným významem.

    • 1 She was fired.
    • 2 She's got a pay rise.
    • 3 He's jobless.
    • 4 She's looking for a job.
    • 5 He's been promoted.
    • 6 She works for herself.
    • 7 He applied for a job.
    • 8 He quit his job.
    • d She's better paid now.
    • b She's her own boss.
    • c He sent a job application.
    • g She lost her job.
    • f She's trying to find employment.
    • e He stopped working there.
    • a He's unemployed.
    • h He's better off now.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte druhou větu tak, aby měla opačný význam než věta první.

    2 The keys were lost. – The keys were .
    7 He bought the car last year. – He the car last year.
    1 It's getting better. – It's getting .
    6 She lost her job. – She a new job.
    9 Can you take me to the airport? – Can you me up at the airport?
    4 They got married. – They got .
    5 He's jobless. – He's .
    8 My car is repaired. – My car is .
    10 When does the plane land? – When does the plane off?
    3 They hired 5 workers. – They 5 workers.

    Exercise 9

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    • Utvořte věty stejného významu pomocí trpného rodu.

    8 They gave us some money.
    4 Someone told him to do it.
    7 They say that she is beautiful.
    3 She sent the message.
    13 They hired two employees.
    12 Nobody ever found it.
    5 They made him do it.
    2 Many workers use it.
    14 Our company employed him.
    1 They saw her there.
    6 He promoted her.
    10 Rich people buy these cars.
    11 Somebody lost the keys.
    9 You can eat it.

    He is wanted. je česky: Hledá ho policie. (zločince ap.). Help wanted. znamená: Přijmeme výpomoc. (brigádníka ap.).

    Exercise 10

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    • Přečtěte a napište celými slovy anglicky.

    8 55 + 55 = 110
    3 5/9
    1 2/3
    6 53
    11 0.25
    9 35 - 20 = 15
    12 3,650,500
    10 27 : 9 = 3
    5 32
    4 1/2
    2 3/4
    7 106

    Exercise 11

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    • Přeložte změny stavu become, get, go, grow, turn. Využijte nápovědu.

    12 Zmokneš. wet
    4 Lepšíš se. better
    11 Rozčílil se. angry
    1 Stmívá se. dark
    3 Opili se. drunk
    15 Přestává mě to bavit. tired
    16 Brzy se unavila. tired
    5 Počasí se zhoršilo. worse
    14 Začal jsem mít strach. afraid
    9 Dostali jsme hlad. hungry
    6 Začíná to být těžké. difficult
    2 Na to si zvykneš. used to
    7 Proslavila se. famous
    8 To jídlo se zkazí. bad
    10 Dostávám žízeň. thirsty
    13 Počítač (se) zpomaluje. slow

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte vhodné slovo.

    7 John hasn't found a job yet. He is still .
    5 These jobs are not well . You won't make much money.
    8 He didn't send me the money. He me really angry.
    4 He worked a programmer but was fired.
    1 What does he do for a ? – He works as a teacher.
    10 There was no meeting yesterday. It was called .
    6 Why did she her job? – Her salary was too low.
    9 It's hard to get along with her. She angry very often.
    2 He applied a job, but he wasn't accepted.
    3 We need more staff. We must new employees.

    Exercise 13

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    • Řekněte podle nápovědy anglicky, co (si) kdo nechal či dal udělat.

    4 he, fire her
    8 we, the table, make
    2 my parents, new house, build
    6 she, hair, cut
    1 I, car, repair
    5 we, food, bring to our room
    7 he, his jacket, wash
    3 they, room, clean

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte. Kde lze, použijte trpný rod.

    15 Prodalo se 1000 aut.
    5 Jak se to nazývá anglicky?
    17 Dostal padáka.
    6 Byli potrestáni.
    16 Musím si ti nechat opravit.
    14 Rezervace byla zrušena.
    2 Pracuji jako účetní.
    1 Čím se živíte?
    13 Zvykl jsem si na to.
    10 V Británii se mluví anglicky.
    3 Dělám sám na sebe.
    8 Najali 5 pracovníků.
    11 Vyrábí se tam auta.
    9 Ukradli mu auto.
    12 Dostala padáka.
    18 Dvě třetiny z nich dostaly přidáno.
    7 Jak se to dělá?
    4 Byl povýšen.

    Sloveso fire (vyhodit z práce) je běžné, ale spíše hovorové. Znamená též mimo jiné vypálit, vystřelit (ze zbraně ap.). Formální termín pro propustit (z práce) je dismiss dɪsˈmɪs. Např. He was dismissed. - Byl propuštěn.