Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    2 I work for myself.
    8 What is it called in English?
    11 He's employed by our company.
    4 He makes a lot of money.
    5 He started his own business.
    9 The e-mail was sent yesterday.
    3 I'm an employee.
    1 What do you do for a living?
    10 This word is not used often.
    6 She applied for a job.
    7 What is meant by that?
    12 They were fired.

    Už znáte užití koncovky -er - váže se k subjektu, jenž něco činí, např. employer, worker. Podobně funguje u některých sloves koncovka -or např.: translate (přeložit) - translator (překladatel) ap. Všimněte si též koncovky -ee např. u slova employee. Ta se naopak užívá u osoby, která je činnosti podrobena. Např. interviewer (dotazovatel) - interviewee (dotazovaný - u pohovoru ap.).

    Exercise 2

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    5 Some workers lost their jobs.
    6 Jack got the job.
    8 John has already found a job.
    2 Mark works on a computer.
    1 Jane works for herself.
    3 Bob doesn't work for a British company now.
    4 Less than 50 workers work for the company.
    7 I make more money now.

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 The food will go bad.
    • 2 She got fired.
    • 3 I'm getting thirsty.
    • 4 It makes me angry.
    • 5 He got angry.
    • 6 It's not getting better.
    • 7 It's getting cold.
    • 8 He should get used to it.
    • h Štve mě to.
    • e Měl by si na to zvyknout.
    • f Naštval se.
    • a Ochlazuje se.
    • d Nelepší se to.
    • g Dostala padáka.
    • c Jídlo se zkazí.
    • b Dostávám žízeň.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    6 They were fired last month and they are still employed/jobless/applied.
    9 He gets angry very often. It's hard to get by/along/after with him.
    2 He applied for a job, but he wasn't taken/received/accepted.
    3 He got the job – Oh really? I'm so nice/glad/fine to hear that.
    10 Our plane takes on/out/off at 10 a.m.
    1 She works like/as/such as a teacher. She teaches English.
    11 They needed more workers. They took out/for/on new staff.
    7 He'll be promoted and get a pay rise/loss/raise.
    8 I'm very tired. I need to take/get/give some sleep.
    4 He was often late for work. So he was fired/accepted/employed.
    5 She didn't like her job. She decided to apply/get off/quit.

    Nezaměňujte anglické termíny salary, wage a pay. Salary je pravidelný měsíční plat. Wage je mzda (hl. placená od hodiny, týdně ap.). Pay je plat či výplata, tedy vyplácené peníze. Např. pay day je den výplaty ap. Obecný formální termín pro odměnu (či odměňování) za práci je většinou remuneration rɪˌmjuːnəˈreɪʃən.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte správné tvary trpného rodu.

    6 The job pay well . You can make a lot of money.
    9 I don't understand it. The messages write in Chinese.
    10 Over 20 new workers take on last month.
    2 The house sell last week.
    3 We can't go there. We not invite .
    7 You'll understand. English and French speak there.
    8 This meat eat cooked.
    5 My car has broken down. It needs to repair .
    1 I don't know its name. What it call ?
    4 He left his car there and it steal .

    Užitečný obrat s trpným rodem je: be held - konat se (má podobný význam jako nám již známé take place). Např.: A meeting was held. - Konala se schůzka. ap. Hold znamená držet, ale také pořádat či konat. Pozor! Hold je nepravidelné sloveso s tvary: Past tense (PT) - held hεld a Past participle (PP) - held hεld.

    Exercise 6

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    • Řekněte anglicky s použitím částice to. Využijte nápovědu.

    6 Znám místo, kde se dá skvěle najíst. great place
    10 Promiňte, že vás obtěžuji. bother
    1 Byla překvapená, že mě vidí. surprised
    4 To rád slyším. glad
    9 Měl štěstí, že našel práci. lucky
    2 Očekávám, že nám pomůžete. expect you
    7 Mám jiné věci na práci. other things
    3 Byl první, kdo to věděl. first
    5 Je toho tady hodně k vidění. a lot
    8 Předstírala, že neví. pretend, not

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte výroky s přibližně stejným významem.

    • 1 She was fired.
    • 2 She's got a pay rise.
    • 3 He's jobless.
    • 4 She's looking for a job.
    • 5 He's been promoted.
    • 6 She works for herself.
    • 7 He applied for a job.
    • 8 He quit his job.
    • c He sent a job application.
    • d She's better paid now.
    • f She's trying to find employment.
    • h He's better off now.
    • g She lost her job.
    • a He's unemployed.
    • b She's her own boss.
    • e He stopped working there.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte druhou větu tak, aby měla opačný význam než věta první.

    7 He bought the car last year. – He the car last year.
    1 It's getting better. – It's getting .
    4 They got married. – They got .
    8 My car is repaired. – My car is .
    10 When does the plane land? – When does the plane off?
    9 Can you take me to the airport? – Can you me up at the airport?
    5 He's jobless. – He's .
    3 They hired 5 workers. – They 5 workers.
    6 She lost her job. – She a new job.
    2 The keys were lost. – The keys were .

    Exercise 9

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    • Utvořte věty stejného významu pomocí trpného rodu.

    12 Nobody ever found it.
    10 Rich people buy these cars.
    9 You can eat it.
    8 They gave us some money.
    7 They say that she is beautiful.
    3 She sent the message.
    5 They made him do it.
    4 Someone told him to do it.
    13 They hired two employees.
    1 They saw her there.
    6 He promoted her.
    11 Somebody lost the keys.
    14 Our company employed him.
    2 Many workers use it.

    He is wanted. je česky: Hledá ho policie. (zločince ap.). Help wanted. znamená: Přijmeme výpomoc. (brigádníka ap.).

    Exercise 10

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    • Přečtěte a napište celými slovy anglicky.

    5 32
    7 106
    11 0.25
    10 27 : 9 = 3
    6 53
    8 55 + 55 = 110
    9 35 - 20 = 15
    4 1/2
    3 5/9
    1 2/3
    12 3,650,500
    2 3/4

    Exercise 11

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    • Přeložte změny stavu become, get, go, grow, turn. Využijte nápovědu.

    10 Dostávám žízeň. thirsty
    16 Brzy se unavila. tired
    15 Přestává mě to bavit. tired
    2 Na to si zvykneš. used to
    13 Počítač (se) zpomaluje. slow
    7 Proslavila se. famous
    8 To jídlo se zkazí. bad
    14 Začal jsem mít strach. afraid
    3 Opili se. drunk
    11 Rozčílil se. angry
    5 Počasí se zhoršilo. worse
    12 Zmokneš. wet
    4 Lepšíš se. better
    1 Stmívá se. dark
    9 Dostali jsme hlad. hungry
    6 Začíná to být těžké. difficult

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte vhodné slovo.

    1 What does he do for a ? – He works as a teacher.
    2 He applied a job, but he wasn't accepted.
    8 He didn't send me the money. He me really angry.
    4 He worked a programmer but was fired.
    3 We need more staff. We must new employees.
    5 These jobs are not well . You won't make much money.
    6 Why did she her job? – Her salary was too low.
    9 It's hard to get along with her. She angry very often.
    10 There was no meeting yesterday. It was called .
    7 John hasn't found a job yet. He is still .

    Exercise 13

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    • Řekněte podle nápovědy anglicky, co (si) kdo nechal či dal udělat.

    4 he, fire her
    7 he, his jacket, wash
    1 I, car, repair
    8 we, the table, make
    6 she, hair, cut
    3 they, room, clean
    5 we, food, bring to our room
    2 my parents, new house, build

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte. Kde lze, použijte trpný rod.

    6 Byli potrestáni.
    17 Dostal padáka.
    7 Jak se to dělá?
    5 Jak se to nazývá anglicky?
    9 Ukradli mu auto.
    4 Byl povýšen.
    18 Dvě třetiny z nich dostaly přidáno.
    8 Najali 5 pracovníků.
    11 Vyrábí se tam auta.
    3 Dělám sám na sebe.
    15 Prodalo se 1000 aut.
    16 Musím si ti nechat opravit.
    13 Zvykl jsem si na to.
    1 Čím se živíte?
    12 Dostala padáka.
    14 Rezervace byla zrušena.
    2 Pracuji jako účetní.
    10 V Británii se mluví anglicky.

    Sloveso fire (vyhodit z práce) je běžné, ale spíše hovorové. Znamená též mimo jiné vypálit, vystřelit (ze zbraně ap.). Formální termín pro propustit (z práce) je dismiss dɪsˈmɪs. Např. He was dismissed. - Byl propuštěn.