Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    10 This word is not used often.
    11 He's employed by our company.
    2 I work for myself.
    7 What is meant by that?
    4 He makes a lot of money.
    12 They were fired.
    9 The e-mail was sent yesterday.
    5 He started his own business.
    3 I'm an employee.
    1 What do you do for a living?
    8 What is it called in English?
    6 She applied for a job.

    Už znáte užití koncovky -er - váže se k subjektu, jenž něco činí, např. employer, worker. Podobně funguje u některých sloves koncovka -or např.: translate (přeložit) - translator (překladatel) ap. Všimněte si též koncovky -ee např. u slova employee. Ta se naopak užívá u osoby, která je činnosti podrobena. Např. interviewer (dotazovatel) - interviewee (dotazovaný - u pohovoru ap.).

    Exercise 2

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    7 I make more money now.
    8 John has already found a job.
    5 Some workers lost their jobs.
    3 Bob doesn't work for a British company now.
    1 Jane works for herself.
    4 Less than 50 workers work for the company.
    2 Mark works on a computer.
    6 Jack got the job.

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 The food will go bad.
    • 2 She got fired.
    • 3 I'm getting thirsty.
    • 4 It makes me angry.
    • 5 He got angry.
    • 6 It's not getting better.
    • 7 It's getting cold.
    • 8 He should get used to it.
    • g Dostala padáka.
    • a Ochlazuje se.
    • b Dostávám žízeň.
    • h Štve mě to.
    • c Jídlo se zkazí.
    • d Nelepší se to.
    • e Měl by si na to zvyknout.
    • f Naštval se.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    3 He got the job – Oh really? I'm so nice/glad/fine to hear that.
    8 I'm very tired. I need to take/get/give some sleep.
    5 She didn't like her job. She decided to apply/get off/quit.
    2 He applied for a job, but he wasn't taken/received/accepted.
    9 He gets angry very often. It's hard to get by/along/after with him.
    7 He'll be promoted and get a pay rise/loss/raise.
    11 They needed more workers. They took out/for/on new staff.
    4 He was often late for work. So he was fired/accepted/employed.
    10 Our plane takes on/out/off at 10 a.m.
    1 She works like/as/such as a teacher. She teaches English.
    6 They were fired last month and they are still employed/jobless/applied.

    Nezaměňujte anglické termíny salary, wage a pay. Salary je pravidelný měsíční plat. Wage je mzda (hl. placená od hodiny, týdně ap.). Pay je plat či výplata, tedy vyplácené peníze. Např. pay day je den výplaty ap. Obecný formální termín pro odměnu (či odměňování) za práci je většinou remuneration rɪˌmjuːnəˈreɪʃən.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte správné tvary trpného rodu.

    4 He left his car there and it steal .
    5 My car has broken down. It needs to repair .
    6 The job pay well . You can make a lot of money.
    2 The house sell last week.
    8 This meat eat cooked.
    3 We can't go there. We not invite .
    7 You'll understand. English and French speak there.
    1 I don't know its name. What it call ?
    10 Over 20 new workers take on last month.
    9 I don't understand it. The messages write in Chinese.

    Užitečný obrat s trpným rodem je: be held - konat se (má podobný význam jako nám již známé take place). Např.: A meeting was held. - Konala se schůzka. ap. Hold znamená držet, ale také pořádat či konat. Pozor! Hold je nepravidelné sloveso s tvary: Past tense (PT) - held hεld a Past participle (PP) - held hεld.

    Exercise 6

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    • Řekněte anglicky s použitím částice to. Využijte nápovědu.

    9 Měl štěstí, že našel práci. lucky
    8 Předstírala, že neví. pretend, not
    1 Byla překvapená, že mě vidí. surprised
    2 Očekávám, že nám pomůžete. expect you
    10 Promiňte, že vás obtěžuji. bother
    5 Je toho tady hodně k vidění. a lot
    6 Znám místo, kde se dá skvěle najíst. great place
    3 Byl první, kdo to věděl. first
    4 To rád slyším. glad
    7 Mám jiné věci na práci. other things

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte výroky s přibližně stejným významem.

    • 1 She was fired.
    • 2 She's got a pay rise.
    • 3 He's jobless.
    • 4 She's looking for a job.
    • 5 He's been promoted.
    • 6 She works for herself.
    • 7 He applied for a job.
    • 8 He quit his job.
    • e He stopped working there.
    • f She's trying to find employment.
    • a He's unemployed.
    • b She's her own boss.
    • c He sent a job application.
    • g She lost her job.
    • d She's better paid now.
    • h He's better off now.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte druhou větu tak, aby měla opačný význam než věta první.

    8 My car is repaired. – My car is .
    5 He's jobless. – He's .
    6 She lost her job. – She a new job.
    10 When does the plane land? – When does the plane off?
    2 The keys were lost. – The keys were .
    7 He bought the car last year. – He the car last year.
    4 They got married. – They got .
    3 They hired 5 workers. – They 5 workers.
    9 Can you take me to the airport? – Can you me up at the airport?
    1 It's getting better. – It's getting .

    Exercise 9

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    • Utvořte věty stejného významu pomocí trpného rodu.

    9 You can eat it.
    13 They hired two employees.
    8 They gave us some money.
    7 They say that she is beautiful.
    4 Someone told him to do it.
    12 Nobody ever found it.
    1 They saw her there.
    11 Somebody lost the keys.
    2 Many workers use it.
    3 She sent the message.
    6 He promoted her.
    10 Rich people buy these cars.
    5 They made him do it.
    14 Our company employed him.

    He is wanted. je česky: Hledá ho policie. (zločince ap.). Help wanted. znamená: Přijmeme výpomoc. (brigádníka ap.).

    Exercise 10

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    • Přečtěte a napište celými slovy anglicky.

    7 106
    9 35 - 20 = 15
    1 2/3
    4 1/2
    8 55 + 55 = 110
    5 32
    3 5/9
    12 3,650,500
    6 53
    11 0.25
    2 3/4
    10 27 : 9 = 3

    Exercise 11

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    • Přeložte změny stavu become, get, go, grow, turn. Využijte nápovědu.

    5 Počasí se zhoršilo. worse
    7 Proslavila se. famous
    16 Brzy se unavila. tired
    11 Rozčílil se. angry
    1 Stmívá se. dark
    10 Dostávám žízeň. thirsty
    8 To jídlo se zkazí. bad
    3 Opili se. drunk
    2 Na to si zvykneš. used to
    6 Začíná to být těžké. difficult
    14 Začal jsem mít strach. afraid
    15 Přestává mě to bavit. tired
    13 Počítač (se) zpomaluje. slow
    4 Lepšíš se. better
    12 Zmokneš. wet
    9 Dostali jsme hlad. hungry

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte vhodné slovo.

    5 These jobs are not well . You won't make much money.
    1 What does he do for a ? – He works as a teacher.
    8 He didn't send me the money. He me really angry.
    10 There was no meeting yesterday. It was called .
    9 It's hard to get along with her. She angry very often.
    2 He applied a job, but he wasn't accepted.
    6 Why did she her job? – Her salary was too low.
    4 He worked a programmer but was fired.
    3 We need more staff. We must new employees.
    7 John hasn't found a job yet. He is still .

    Exercise 13

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    • Řekněte podle nápovědy anglicky, co (si) kdo nechal či dal udělat.

    1 I, car, repair
    6 she, hair, cut
    2 my parents, new house, build
    4 he, fire her
    8 we, the table, make
    7 he, his jacket, wash
    3 they, room, clean
    5 we, food, bring to our room

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte. Kde lze, použijte trpný rod.

    10 V Británii se mluví anglicky.
    3 Dělám sám na sebe.
    13 Zvykl jsem si na to.
    17 Dostal padáka.
    9 Ukradli mu auto.
    12 Dostala padáka.
    16 Musím si ti nechat opravit.
    11 Vyrábí se tam auta.
    6 Byli potrestáni.
    14 Rezervace byla zrušena.
    8 Najali 5 pracovníků.
    7 Jak se to dělá?
    1 Čím se živíte?
    4 Byl povýšen.
    5 Jak se to nazývá anglicky?
    15 Prodalo se 1000 aut.
    2 Pracuji jako účetní.
    18 Dvě třetiny z nich dostaly přidáno.

    Sloveso fire (vyhodit z práce) je běžné, ale spíše hovorové. Znamená též mimo jiné vypálit, vystřelit (ze zbraně ap.). Formální termín pro propustit (z práce) je dismiss dɪsˈmɪs. Např. He was dismissed. - Byl propuštěn.