Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    1 What do you do for a living?
    3 I'm an employee.
    4 He makes a lot of money.
    2 I work for myself.
    6 She applied for a job.
    9 The e-mail was sent yesterday.
    12 They were fired.
    8 What is it called in English?
    10 This word is not used often.
    5 He started his own business.
    11 He's employed by our company.
    7 What is meant by that?

    Už znáte užití koncovky -er - váže se k subjektu, jenž něco činí, např. employer, worker. Podobně funguje u některých sloves koncovka -or např.: translate (přeložit) - translator (překladatel) ap. Všimněte si též koncovky -ee např. u slova employee. Ta se naopak užívá u osoby, která je činnosti podrobena. Např. interviewer (dotazovatel) - interviewee (dotazovaný - u pohovoru ap.).

    Exercise 2

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    2 Mark works on a computer.
    4 Less than 50 workers work for the company.
    7 I make more money now.
    1 Jane works for herself.
    3 Bob doesn't work for a British company now.
    6 Jack got the job.
    8 John has already found a job.
    5 Some workers lost their jobs.

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 The food will go bad.
    • 2 She got fired.
    • 3 I'm getting thirsty.
    • 4 It makes me angry.
    • 5 He got angry.
    • 6 It's not getting better.
    • 7 It's getting cold.
    • 8 He should get used to it.
    • g Dostala padáka.
    • a Ochlazuje se.
    • c Jídlo se zkazí.
    • e Měl by si na to zvyknout.
    • f Naštval se.
    • d Nelepší se to.
    • b Dostávám žízeň.
    • h Štve mě to.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    3 He got the job – Oh really? I'm so nice/glad/fine to hear that.
    6 They were fired last month and they are still employed/jobless/applied.
    8 I'm very tired. I need to take/get/give some sleep.
    9 He gets angry very often. It's hard to get by/along/after with him.
    2 He applied for a job, but he wasn't taken/received/accepted.
    4 He was often late for work. So he was fired/accepted/employed.
    7 He'll be promoted and get a pay rise/loss/raise.
    11 They needed more workers. They took out/for/on new staff.
    10 Our plane takes on/out/off at 10 a.m.
    5 She didn't like her job. She decided to apply/get off/quit.
    1 She works like/as/such as a teacher. She teaches English.

    Nezaměňujte anglické termíny salary, wage a pay. Salary je pravidelný měsíční plat. Wage je mzda (hl. placená od hodiny, týdně ap.). Pay je plat či výplata, tedy vyplácené peníze. Např. pay day je den výplaty ap. Obecný formální termín pro odměnu (či odměňování) za práci je většinou remuneration rɪˌmjuːnəˈreɪʃən.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte správné tvary trpného rodu.

    1 I don't know its name. What it call ?
    9 I don't understand it. The messages write in Chinese.
    4 He left his car there and it steal .
    7 You'll understand. English and French speak there.
    8 This meat eat cooked.
    2 The house sell last week.
    3 We can't go there. We not invite .
    6 The job pay well . You can make a lot of money.
    10 Over 20 new workers take on last month.
    5 My car has broken down. It needs to repair .

    Užitečný obrat s trpným rodem je: be held - konat se (má podobný význam jako nám již známé take place). Např.: A meeting was held. - Konala se schůzka. ap. Hold znamená držet, ale také pořádat či konat. Pozor! Hold je nepravidelné sloveso s tvary: Past tense (PT) - held hεld a Past participle (PP) - held hεld.

    Exercise 6

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    • Řekněte anglicky s použitím částice to. Využijte nápovědu.

    4 To rád slyším. glad
    7 Mám jiné věci na práci. other things
    2 Očekávám, že nám pomůžete. expect you
    6 Znám místo, kde se dá skvěle najíst. great place
    3 Byl první, kdo to věděl. first
    9 Měl štěstí, že našel práci. lucky
    5 Je toho tady hodně k vidění. a lot
    1 Byla překvapená, že mě vidí. surprised
    8 Předstírala, že neví. pretend, not
    10 Promiňte, že vás obtěžuji. bother

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte výroky s přibližně stejným významem.

    • 1 She was fired.
    • 2 She's got a pay rise.
    • 3 He's jobless.
    • 4 She's looking for a job.
    • 5 He's been promoted.
    • 6 She works for herself.
    • 7 He applied for a job.
    • 8 He quit his job.
    • b She's her own boss.
    • h He's better off now.
    • e He stopped working there.
    • c He sent a job application.
    • d She's better paid now.
    • g She lost her job.
    • f She's trying to find employment.
    • a He's unemployed.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte druhou větu tak, aby měla opačný význam než věta první.

    2 The keys were lost. – The keys were .
    4 They got married. – They got .
    5 He's jobless. – He's .
    8 My car is repaired. – My car is .
    7 He bought the car last year. – He the car last year.
    1 It's getting better. – It's getting .
    6 She lost her job. – She a new job.
    3 They hired 5 workers. – They 5 workers.
    9 Can you take me to the airport? – Can you me up at the airport?
    10 When does the plane land? – When does the plane off?

    Exercise 9

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    • Utvořte věty stejného významu pomocí trpného rodu.

    11 Somebody lost the keys.
    10 Rich people buy these cars.
    9 You can eat it.
    8 They gave us some money.
    6 He promoted her.
    4 Someone told him to do it.
    7 They say that she is beautiful.
    2 Many workers use it.
    14 Our company employed him.
    1 They saw her there.
    5 They made him do it.
    13 They hired two employees.
    3 She sent the message.
    12 Nobody ever found it.

    He is wanted. je česky: Hledá ho policie. (zločince ap.). Help wanted. znamená: Přijmeme výpomoc. (brigádníka ap.).

    Exercise 10

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    • Přečtěte a napište celými slovy anglicky.

    5 32
    6 53
    4 1/2
    10 27 : 9 = 3
    2 3/4
    8 55 + 55 = 110
    1 2/3
    3 5/9
    12 3,650,500
    9 35 - 20 = 15
    11 0.25
    7 106

    Exercise 11

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    • Přeložte změny stavu become, get, go, grow, turn. Využijte nápovědu.

    3 Opili se. drunk
    6 Začíná to být těžké. difficult
    10 Dostávám žízeň. thirsty
    11 Rozčílil se. angry
    5 Počasí se zhoršilo. worse
    14 Začal jsem mít strach. afraid
    2 Na to si zvykneš. used to
    13 Počítač (se) zpomaluje. slow
    7 Proslavila se. famous
    15 Přestává mě to bavit. tired
    12 Zmokneš. wet
    1 Stmívá se. dark
    9 Dostali jsme hlad. hungry
    8 To jídlo se zkazí. bad
    16 Brzy se unavila. tired
    4 Lepšíš se. better

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte vhodné slovo.

    3 We need more staff. We must new employees.
    8 He didn't send me the money. He me really angry.
    2 He applied a job, but he wasn't accepted.
    7 John hasn't found a job yet. He is still .
    10 There was no meeting yesterday. It was called .
    5 These jobs are not well . You won't make much money.
    6 Why did she her job? – Her salary was too low.
    4 He worked a programmer but was fired.
    1 What does he do for a ? – He works as a teacher.
    9 It's hard to get along with her. She angry very often.

    Exercise 13

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    • Řekněte podle nápovědy anglicky, co (si) kdo nechal či dal udělat.

    8 we, the table, make
    5 we, food, bring to our room
    7 he, his jacket, wash
    6 she, hair, cut
    3 they, room, clean
    2 my parents, new house, build
    1 I, car, repair
    4 he, fire her

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte. Kde lze, použijte trpný rod.

    17 Dostal padáka.
    4 Byl povýšen.
    10 V Británii se mluví anglicky.
    11 Vyrábí se tam auta.
    13 Zvykl jsem si na to.
    6 Byli potrestáni.
    1 Čím se živíte?
    7 Jak se to dělá?
    18 Dvě třetiny z nich dostaly přidáno.
    9 Ukradli mu auto.
    12 Dostala padáka.
    15 Prodalo se 1000 aut.
    8 Najali 5 pracovníků.
    14 Rezervace byla zrušena.
    5 Jak se to nazývá anglicky?
    2 Pracuji jako účetní.
    3 Dělám sám na sebe.
    16 Musím si ti nechat opravit.

    Sloveso fire (vyhodit z práce) je běžné, ale spíše hovorové. Znamená též mimo jiné vypálit, vystřelit (ze zbraně ap.). Formální termín pro propustit (z práce) je dismiss dɪsˈmɪs. Např. He was dismissed. - Byl propuštěn.