Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    3 I'm an employee.
    6 She applied for a job.
    2 I work for myself.
    12 They were fired.
    1 What do you do for a living?
    11 He's employed by our company.
    7 What is meant by that?
    8 What is it called in English?
    9 The e-mail was sent yesterday.
    4 He makes a lot of money.
    10 This word is not used often.
    5 He started his own business.

    Už znáte užití koncovky -er - váže se k subjektu, jenž něco činí, např. employer, worker. Podobně funguje u některých sloves koncovka -or např.: translate (přeložit) - translator (překladatel) ap. Všimněte si též koncovky -ee např. u slova employee. Ta se naopak užívá u osoby, která je činnosti podrobena. Např. interviewer (dotazovatel) - interviewee (dotazovaný - u pohovoru ap.).

    Exercise 2

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    7 I make more money now.
    1 Jane works for herself.
    4 Less than 50 workers work for the company.
    8 John has already found a job.
    2 Mark works on a computer.
    5 Some workers lost their jobs.
    6 Jack got the job.
    3 Bob doesn't work for a British company now.

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 The food will go bad.
    • 2 She got fired.
    • 3 I'm getting thirsty.
    • 4 It makes me angry.
    • 5 He got angry.
    • 6 It's not getting better.
    • 7 It's getting cold.
    • 8 He should get used to it.
    • a Ochlazuje se.
    • d Nelepší se to.
    • b Dostávám žízeň.
    • h Štve mě to.
    • g Dostala padáka.
    • e Měl by si na to zvyknout.
    • f Naštval se.
    • c Jídlo se zkazí.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    9 He gets angry very often. It's hard to get by/along/after with him.
    6 They were fired last month and they are still employed/jobless/applied.
    4 He was often late for work. So he was fired/accepted/employed.
    2 He applied for a job, but he wasn't taken/received/accepted.
    10 Our plane takes on/out/off at 10 a.m.
    3 He got the job – Oh really? I'm so nice/glad/fine to hear that.
    11 They needed more workers. They took out/for/on new staff.
    1 She works like/as/such as a teacher. She teaches English.
    8 I'm very tired. I need to take/get/give some sleep.
    7 He'll be promoted and get a pay rise/loss/raise.
    5 She didn't like her job. She decided to apply/get off/quit.

    Nezaměňujte anglické termíny salary, wage a pay. Salary je pravidelný měsíční plat. Wage je mzda (hl. placená od hodiny, týdně ap.). Pay je plat či výplata, tedy vyplácené peníze. Např. pay day je den výplaty ap. Obecný formální termín pro odměnu (či odměňování) za práci je většinou remuneration rɪˌmjuːnəˈreɪʃən.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte správné tvary trpného rodu.

    10 Over 20 new workers take on last month.
    8 This meat eat cooked.
    2 The house sell last week.
    7 You'll understand. English and French speak there.
    9 I don't understand it. The messages write in Chinese.
    4 He left his car there and it steal .
    1 I don't know its name. What it call ?
    3 We can't go there. We not invite .
    6 The job pay well . You can make a lot of money.
    5 My car has broken down. It needs to repair .

    Užitečný obrat s trpným rodem je: be held - konat se (má podobný význam jako nám již známé take place). Např.: A meeting was held. - Konala se schůzka. ap. Hold znamená držet, ale také pořádat či konat. Pozor! Hold je nepravidelné sloveso s tvary: Past tense (PT) - held hεld a Past participle (PP) - held hεld.

    Exercise 6

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    • Řekněte anglicky s použitím částice to. Využijte nápovědu.

    4 To rád slyším. glad
    7 Mám jiné věci na práci. other things
    10 Promiňte, že vás obtěžuji. bother
    1 Byla překvapená, že mě vidí. surprised
    5 Je toho tady hodně k vidění. a lot
    3 Byl první, kdo to věděl. first
    9 Měl štěstí, že našel práci. lucky
    8 Předstírala, že neví. pretend, not
    2 Očekávám, že nám pomůžete. expect you
    6 Znám místo, kde se dá skvěle najíst. great place

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte výroky s přibližně stejným významem.

    • 1 She was fired.
    • 2 She's got a pay rise.
    • 3 He's jobless.
    • 4 She's looking for a job.
    • 5 He's been promoted.
    • 6 She works for herself.
    • 7 He applied for a job.
    • 8 He quit his job.
    • h He's better off now.
    • b She's her own boss.
    • g She lost her job.
    • e He stopped working there.
    • c He sent a job application.
    • d She's better paid now.
    • a He's unemployed.
    • f She's trying to find employment.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte druhou větu tak, aby měla opačný význam než věta první.

    7 He bought the car last year. – He the car last year.
    8 My car is repaired. – My car is .
    10 When does the plane land? – When does the plane off?
    2 The keys were lost. – The keys were .
    5 He's jobless. – He's .
    1 It's getting better. – It's getting .
    3 They hired 5 workers. – They 5 workers.
    9 Can you take me to the airport? – Can you me up at the airport?
    4 They got married. – They got .
    6 She lost her job. – She a new job.

    Exercise 9

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    • Utvořte věty stejného významu pomocí trpného rodu.

    8 They gave us some money.
    2 Many workers use it.
    4 Someone told him to do it.
    7 They say that she is beautiful.
    14 Our company employed him.
    6 He promoted her.
    1 They saw her there.
    5 They made him do it.
    9 You can eat it.
    13 They hired two employees.
    3 She sent the message.
    12 Nobody ever found it.
    11 Somebody lost the keys.
    10 Rich people buy these cars.

    He is wanted. je česky: Hledá ho policie. (zločince ap.). Help wanted. znamená: Přijmeme výpomoc. (brigádníka ap.).

    Exercise 10

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    • Přečtěte a napište celými slovy anglicky.

    8 55 + 55 = 110
    4 1/2
    9 35 - 20 = 15
    10 27 : 9 = 3
    1 2/3
    12 3,650,500
    3 5/9
    2 3/4
    5 32
    6 53
    11 0.25
    7 106

    Exercise 11

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    • Přeložte změny stavu become, get, go, grow, turn. Využijte nápovědu.

    10 Dostávám žízeň. thirsty
    16 Brzy se unavila. tired
    14 Začal jsem mít strach. afraid
    4 Lepšíš se. better
    2 Na to si zvykneš. used to
    9 Dostali jsme hlad. hungry
    6 Začíná to být těžké. difficult
    13 Počítač (se) zpomaluje. slow
    11 Rozčílil se. angry
    15 Přestává mě to bavit. tired
    7 Proslavila se. famous
    8 To jídlo se zkazí. bad
    12 Zmokneš. wet
    3 Opili se. drunk
    5 Počasí se zhoršilo. worse
    1 Stmívá se. dark

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte vhodné slovo.

    2 He applied a job, but he wasn't accepted.
    5 These jobs are not well . You won't make much money.
    9 It's hard to get along with her. She angry very often.
    4 He worked a programmer but was fired.
    10 There was no meeting yesterday. It was called .
    7 John hasn't found a job yet. He is still .
    6 Why did she her job? – Her salary was too low.
    1 What does he do for a ? – He works as a teacher.
    3 We need more staff. We must new employees.
    8 He didn't send me the money. He me really angry.

    Exercise 13

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    • Řekněte podle nápovědy anglicky, co (si) kdo nechal či dal udělat.

    4 he, fire her
    3 they, room, clean
    2 my parents, new house, build
    7 he, his jacket, wash
    8 we, the table, make
    6 she, hair, cut
    5 we, food, bring to our room
    1 I, car, repair

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte. Kde lze, použijte trpný rod.

    18 Dvě třetiny z nich dostaly přidáno.
    10 V Británii se mluví anglicky.
    2 Pracuji jako účetní.
    4 Byl povýšen.
    17 Dostal padáka.
    9 Ukradli mu auto.
    3 Dělám sám na sebe.
    11 Vyrábí se tam auta.
    5 Jak se to nazývá anglicky?
    7 Jak se to dělá?
    13 Zvykl jsem si na to.
    8 Najali 5 pracovníků.
    16 Musím si ti nechat opravit.
    14 Rezervace byla zrušena.
    15 Prodalo se 1000 aut.
    1 Čím se živíte?
    12 Dostala padáka.
    6 Byli potrestáni.

    Sloveso fire (vyhodit z práce) je běžné, ale spíše hovorové. Znamená též mimo jiné vypálit, vystřelit (ze zbraně ap.). Formální termín pro propustit (z práce) je dismiss dɪsˈmɪs. Např. He was dismissed. - Byl propuštěn.