Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    11 He's employed by our company.
    2 I work for myself.
    1 What do you do for a living?
    3 I'm an employee.
    5 He started his own business.
    4 He makes a lot of money.
    9 The e-mail was sent yesterday.
    10 This word is not used often.
    8 What is it called in English?
    6 She applied for a job.
    7 What is meant by that?
    12 They were fired.

    Už znáte užití koncovky -er - váže se k subjektu, jenž něco činí, např. employer, worker. Podobně funguje u některých sloves koncovka -or např.: translate (přeložit) - translator (překladatel) ap. Všimněte si též koncovky -ee např. u slova employee. Ta se naopak užívá u osoby, která je činnosti podrobena. Např. interviewer (dotazovatel) - interviewee (dotazovaný - u pohovoru ap.).

    Exercise 2

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    2 Mark works on a computer.
    5 Some workers lost their jobs.
    1 Jane works for herself.
    6 Jack got the job.
    7 I make more money now.
    8 John has already found a job.
    4 Less than 50 workers work for the company.
    3 Bob doesn't work for a British company now.

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 The food will go bad.
    • 2 She got fired.
    • 3 I'm getting thirsty.
    • 4 It makes me angry.
    • 5 He got angry.
    • 6 It's not getting better.
    • 7 It's getting cold.
    • 8 He should get used to it.
    • c Jídlo se zkazí.
    • a Ochlazuje se.
    • b Dostávám žízeň.
    • h Štve mě to.
    • f Naštval se.
    • d Nelepší se to.
    • e Měl by si na to zvyknout.
    • g Dostala padáka.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    2 He applied for a job, but he wasn't taken/received/accepted.
    8 I'm very tired. I need to take/get/give some sleep.
    9 He gets angry very often. It's hard to get by/along/after with him.
    11 They needed more workers. They took out/for/on new staff.
    1 She works like/as/such as a teacher. She teaches English.
    10 Our plane takes on/out/off at 10 a.m.
    4 He was often late for work. So he was fired/accepted/employed.
    3 He got the job – Oh really? I'm so nice/glad/fine to hear that.
    6 They were fired last month and they are still employed/jobless/applied.
    7 He'll be promoted and get a pay rise/loss/raise.
    5 She didn't like her job. She decided to apply/get off/quit.

    Nezaměňujte anglické termíny salary, wage a pay. Salary je pravidelný měsíční plat. Wage je mzda (hl. placená od hodiny, týdně ap.). Pay je plat či výplata, tedy vyplácené peníze. Např. pay day je den výplaty ap. Obecný formální termín pro odměnu (či odměňování) za práci je většinou remuneration rɪˌmjuːnəˈreɪʃən.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte správné tvary trpného rodu.

    10 Over 20 new workers take on last month.
    3 We can't go there. We not invite .
    6 The job pay well . You can make a lot of money.
    9 I don't understand it. The messages write in Chinese.
    2 The house sell last week.
    8 This meat eat cooked.
    1 I don't know its name. What it call ?
    5 My car has broken down. It needs to repair .
    7 You'll understand. English and French speak there.
    4 He left his car there and it steal .

    Užitečný obrat s trpným rodem je: be held - konat se (má podobný význam jako nám již známé take place). Např.: A meeting was held. - Konala se schůzka. ap. Hold znamená držet, ale také pořádat či konat. Pozor! Hold je nepravidelné sloveso s tvary: Past tense (PT) - held hεld a Past participle (PP) - held hεld.

    Exercise 6

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    • Řekněte anglicky s použitím částice to. Využijte nápovědu.

    10 Promiňte, že vás obtěžuji. bother
    4 To rád slyším. glad
    2 Očekávám, že nám pomůžete. expect you
    6 Znám místo, kde se dá skvěle najíst. great place
    8 Předstírala, že neví. pretend, not
    7 Mám jiné věci na práci. other things
    3 Byl první, kdo to věděl. first
    5 Je toho tady hodně k vidění. a lot
    1 Byla překvapená, že mě vidí. surprised
    9 Měl štěstí, že našel práci. lucky

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte výroky s přibližně stejným významem.

    • 1 She was fired.
    • 2 She's got a pay rise.
    • 3 He's jobless.
    • 4 She's looking for a job.
    • 5 He's been promoted.
    • 6 She works for herself.
    • 7 He applied for a job.
    • 8 He quit his job.
    • c He sent a job application.
    • f She's trying to find employment.
    • g She lost her job.
    • h He's better off now.
    • a He's unemployed.
    • d She's better paid now.
    • b She's her own boss.
    • e He stopped working there.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte druhou větu tak, aby měla opačný význam než věta první.

    7 He bought the car last year. – He the car last year.
    5 He's jobless. – He's .
    8 My car is repaired. – My car is .
    3 They hired 5 workers. – They 5 workers.
    2 The keys were lost. – The keys were .
    6 She lost her job. – She a new job.
    10 When does the plane land? – When does the plane off?
    4 They got married. – They got .
    9 Can you take me to the airport? – Can you me up at the airport?
    1 It's getting better. – It's getting .

    Exercise 9

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    • Utvořte věty stejného významu pomocí trpného rodu.

    14 Our company employed him.
    5 They made him do it.
    6 He promoted her.
    2 Many workers use it.
    3 She sent the message.
    9 You can eat it.
    13 They hired two employees.
    10 Rich people buy these cars.
    12 Nobody ever found it.
    7 They say that she is beautiful.
    4 Someone told him to do it.
    11 Somebody lost the keys.
    8 They gave us some money.
    1 They saw her there.

    He is wanted. je česky: Hledá ho policie. (zločince ap.). Help wanted. znamená: Přijmeme výpomoc. (brigádníka ap.).

    Exercise 10

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    • Přečtěte a napište celými slovy anglicky.

    9 35 - 20 = 15
    4 1/2
    8 55 + 55 = 110
    5 32
    11 0.25
    6 53
    3 5/9
    7 106
    12 3,650,500
    2 3/4
    1 2/3
    10 27 : 9 = 3

    Exercise 11

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    • Přeložte změny stavu become, get, go, grow, turn. Využijte nápovědu.

    15 Přestává mě to bavit. tired
    8 To jídlo se zkazí. bad
    7 Proslavila se. famous
    14 Začal jsem mít strach. afraid
    3 Opili se. drunk
    16 Brzy se unavila. tired
    13 Počítač (se) zpomaluje. slow
    11 Rozčílil se. angry
    6 Začíná to být těžké. difficult
    12 Zmokneš. wet
    1 Stmívá se. dark
    4 Lepšíš se. better
    10 Dostávám žízeň. thirsty
    9 Dostali jsme hlad. hungry
    2 Na to si zvykneš. used to
    5 Počasí se zhoršilo. worse

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte vhodné slovo.

    9 It's hard to get along with her. She angry very often.
    2 He applied a job, but he wasn't accepted.
    3 We need more staff. We must new employees.
    6 Why did she her job? – Her salary was too low.
    4 He worked a programmer but was fired.
    7 John hasn't found a job yet. He is still .
    8 He didn't send me the money. He me really angry.
    10 There was no meeting yesterday. It was called .
    5 These jobs are not well . You won't make much money.
    1 What does he do for a ? – He works as a teacher.

    Exercise 13

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    • Řekněte podle nápovědy anglicky, co (si) kdo nechal či dal udělat.

    7 he, his jacket, wash
    8 we, the table, make
    2 my parents, new house, build
    5 we, food, bring to our room
    4 he, fire her
    6 she, hair, cut
    1 I, car, repair
    3 they, room, clean

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte. Kde lze, použijte trpný rod.

    4 Byl povýšen.
    14 Rezervace byla zrušena.
    10 V Británii se mluví anglicky.
    17 Dostal padáka.
    8 Najali 5 pracovníků.
    16 Musím si ti nechat opravit.
    18 Dvě třetiny z nich dostaly přidáno.
    5 Jak se to nazývá anglicky?
    11 Vyrábí se tam auta.
    9 Ukradli mu auto.
    1 Čím se živíte?
    7 Jak se to dělá?
    6 Byli potrestáni.
    12 Dostala padáka.
    15 Prodalo se 1000 aut.
    2 Pracuji jako účetní.
    13 Zvykl jsem si na to.
    3 Dělám sám na sebe.

    Sloveso fire (vyhodit z práce) je běžné, ale spíše hovorové. Znamená též mimo jiné vypálit, vystřelit (ze zbraně ap.). Formální termín pro propustit (z práce) je dismiss dɪsˈmɪs. Např. He was dismissed. - Byl propuštěn.