Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    5 He started his own business.
    4 He makes a lot of money.
    7 What is meant by that?
    12 They were fired.
    8 What is it called in English?
    11 He's employed by our company.
    2 I work for myself.
    1 What do you do for a living?
    10 This word is not used often.
    6 She applied for a job.
    9 The e-mail was sent yesterday.
    3 I'm an employee.

    Už znáte užití koncovky -er - váže se k subjektu, jenž něco činí, např. employer, worker. Podobně funguje u některých sloves koncovka -or např.: translate (přeložit) - translator (překladatel) ap. Všimněte si též koncovky -ee např. u slova employee. Ta se naopak užívá u osoby, která je činnosti podrobena. Např. interviewer (dotazovatel) - interviewee (dotazovaný - u pohovoru ap.).

    Exercise 2

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    8 John has already found a job.
    3 Bob doesn't work for a British company now.
    7 I make more money now.
    4 Less than 50 workers work for the company.
    2 Mark works on a computer.
    6 Jack got the job.
    1 Jane works for herself.
    5 Some workers lost their jobs.

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 The food will go bad.
    • 2 She got fired.
    • 3 I'm getting thirsty.
    • 4 It makes me angry.
    • 5 He got angry.
    • 6 It's not getting better.
    • 7 It's getting cold.
    • 8 He should get used to it.
    • a Ochlazuje se.
    • f Naštval se.
    • h Štve mě to.
    • g Dostala padáka.
    • e Měl by si na to zvyknout.
    • d Nelepší se to.
    • c Jídlo se zkazí.
    • b Dostávám žízeň.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    11 They needed more workers. They took out/for/on new staff.
    5 She didn't like her job. She decided to apply/get off/quit.
    9 He gets angry very often. It's hard to get by/along/after with him.
    2 He applied for a job, but he wasn't taken/received/accepted.
    7 He'll be promoted and get a pay rise/loss/raise.
    1 She works like/as/such as a teacher. She teaches English.
    4 He was often late for work. So he was fired/accepted/employed.
    3 He got the job – Oh really? I'm so nice/glad/fine to hear that.
    10 Our plane takes on/out/off at 10 a.m.
    8 I'm very tired. I need to take/get/give some sleep.
    6 They were fired last month and they are still employed/jobless/applied.

    Nezaměňujte anglické termíny salary, wage a pay. Salary je pravidelný měsíční plat. Wage je mzda (hl. placená od hodiny, týdně ap.). Pay je plat či výplata, tedy vyplácené peníze. Např. pay day je den výplaty ap. Obecný formální termín pro odměnu (či odměňování) za práci je většinou remuneration rɪˌmjuːnəˈreɪʃən.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte správné tvary trpného rodu.

    8 This meat eat cooked.
    9 I don't understand it. The messages write in Chinese.
    2 The house sell last week.
    3 We can't go there. We not invite .
    1 I don't know its name. What it call ?
    7 You'll understand. English and French speak there.
    5 My car has broken down. It needs to repair .
    4 He left his car there and it steal .
    10 Over 20 new workers take on last month.
    6 The job pay well . You can make a lot of money.

    Užitečný obrat s trpným rodem je: be held - konat se (má podobný význam jako nám již známé take place). Např.: A meeting was held. - Konala se schůzka. ap. Hold znamená držet, ale také pořádat či konat. Pozor! Hold je nepravidelné sloveso s tvary: Past tense (PT) - held hεld a Past participle (PP) - held hεld.

    Exercise 6

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    • Řekněte anglicky s použitím částice to. Využijte nápovědu.

    6 Znám místo, kde se dá skvěle najíst. great place
    5 Je toho tady hodně k vidění. a lot
    10 Promiňte, že vás obtěžuji. bother
    8 Předstírala, že neví. pretend, not
    7 Mám jiné věci na práci. other things
    4 To rád slyším. glad
    9 Měl štěstí, že našel práci. lucky
    3 Byl první, kdo to věděl. first
    2 Očekávám, že nám pomůžete. expect you
    1 Byla překvapená, že mě vidí. surprised

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte výroky s přibližně stejným významem.

    • 1 She was fired.
    • 2 She's got a pay rise.
    • 3 He's jobless.
    • 4 She's looking for a job.
    • 5 He's been promoted.
    • 6 She works for herself.
    • 7 He applied for a job.
    • 8 He quit his job.
    • c He sent a job application.
    • h He's better off now.
    • e He stopped working there.
    • g She lost her job.
    • f She's trying to find employment.
    • b She's her own boss.
    • d She's better paid now.
    • a He's unemployed.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte druhou větu tak, aby měla opačný význam než věta první.

    7 He bought the car last year. – He the car last year.
    6 She lost her job. – She a new job.
    4 They got married. – They got .
    9 Can you take me to the airport? – Can you me up at the airport?
    5 He's jobless. – He's .
    2 The keys were lost. – The keys were .
    3 They hired 5 workers. – They 5 workers.
    10 When does the plane land? – When does the plane off?
    8 My car is repaired. – My car is .
    1 It's getting better. – It's getting .

    Exercise 9

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    • Utvořte věty stejného významu pomocí trpného rodu.

    1 They saw her there.
    2 Many workers use it.
    5 They made him do it.
    8 They gave us some money.
    14 Our company employed him.
    4 Someone told him to do it.
    9 You can eat it.
    10 Rich people buy these cars.
    13 They hired two employees.
    11 Somebody lost the keys.
    12 Nobody ever found it.
    3 She sent the message.
    7 They say that she is beautiful.
    6 He promoted her.

    He is wanted. je česky: Hledá ho policie. (zločince ap.). Help wanted. znamená: Přijmeme výpomoc. (brigádníka ap.).

    Exercise 10

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    • Přečtěte a napište celými slovy anglicky.

    11 0.25
    12 3,650,500
    4 1/2
    3 5/9
    9 35 - 20 = 15
    6 53
    2 3/4
    5 32
    10 27 : 9 = 3
    8 55 + 55 = 110
    7 106
    1 2/3

    Exercise 11

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    • Přeložte změny stavu become, get, go, grow, turn. Využijte nápovědu.

    6 Začíná to být těžké. difficult
    2 Na to si zvykneš. used to
    9 Dostali jsme hlad. hungry
    8 To jídlo se zkazí. bad
    4 Lepšíš se. better
    13 Počítač (se) zpomaluje. slow
    14 Začal jsem mít strach. afraid
    11 Rozčílil se. angry
    7 Proslavila se. famous
    5 Počasí se zhoršilo. worse
    15 Přestává mě to bavit. tired
    16 Brzy se unavila. tired
    1 Stmívá se. dark
    12 Zmokneš. wet
    3 Opili se. drunk
    10 Dostávám žízeň. thirsty

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte vhodné slovo.

    6 Why did she her job? – Her salary was too low.
    9 It's hard to get along with her. She angry very often.
    10 There was no meeting yesterday. It was called .
    7 John hasn't found a job yet. He is still .
    8 He didn't send me the money. He me really angry.
    2 He applied a job, but he wasn't accepted.
    5 These jobs are not well . You won't make much money.
    4 He worked a programmer but was fired.
    3 We need more staff. We must new employees.
    1 What does he do for a ? – He works as a teacher.

    Exercise 13

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    • Řekněte podle nápovědy anglicky, co (si) kdo nechal či dal udělat.

    5 we, food, bring to our room
    7 he, his jacket, wash
    3 they, room, clean
    4 he, fire her
    8 we, the table, make
    2 my parents, new house, build
    1 I, car, repair
    6 she, hair, cut

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte. Kde lze, použijte trpný rod.

    13 Zvykl jsem si na to.
    2 Pracuji jako účetní.
    16 Musím si ti nechat opravit.
    11 Vyrábí se tam auta.
    7 Jak se to dělá?
    15 Prodalo se 1000 aut.
    9 Ukradli mu auto.
    14 Rezervace byla zrušena.
    1 Čím se živíte?
    12 Dostala padáka.
    4 Byl povýšen.
    6 Byli potrestáni.
    8 Najali 5 pracovníků.
    18 Dvě třetiny z nich dostaly přidáno.
    5 Jak se to nazývá anglicky?
    10 V Británii se mluví anglicky.
    17 Dostal padáka.
    3 Dělám sám na sebe.

    Sloveso fire (vyhodit z práce) je běžné, ale spíše hovorové. Znamená též mimo jiné vypálit, vystřelit (ze zbraně ap.). Formální termín pro propustit (z práce) je dismiss dɪsˈmɪs. Např. He was dismissed. - Byl propuštěn.