Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    7 What is meant by that?
    9 The e-mail was sent yesterday.
    8 What is it called in English?
    1 What do you do for a living?
    2 I work for myself.
    12 They were fired.
    6 She applied for a job.
    5 He started his own business.
    11 He's employed by our company.
    10 This word is not used often.
    4 He makes a lot of money.
    3 I'm an employee.

    Už znáte užití koncovky -er - váže se k subjektu, jenž něco činí, např. employer, worker. Podobně funguje u některých sloves koncovka -or např.: translate (přeložit) - translator (překladatel) ap. Všimněte si též koncovky -ee např. u slova employee. Ta se naopak užívá u osoby, která je činnosti podrobena. Např. interviewer (dotazovatel) - interviewee (dotazovaný - u pohovoru ap.).

    Exercise 2

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    4 Less than 50 workers work for the company.
    6 Jack got the job.
    5 Some workers lost their jobs.
    8 John has already found a job.
    7 I make more money now.
    1 Jane works for herself.
    2 Mark works on a computer.
    3 Bob doesn't work for a British company now.

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 The food will go bad.
    • 2 She got fired.
    • 3 I'm getting thirsty.
    • 4 It makes me angry.
    • 5 He got angry.
    • 6 It's not getting better.
    • 7 It's getting cold.
    • 8 He should get used to it.
    • g Dostala padáka.
    • d Nelepší se to.
    • h Štve mě to.
    • e Měl by si na to zvyknout.
    • a Ochlazuje se.
    • f Naštval se.
    • b Dostávám žízeň.
    • c Jídlo se zkazí.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    2 He applied for a job, but he wasn't taken/received/accepted.
    3 He got the job – Oh really? I'm so nice/glad/fine to hear that.
    7 He'll be promoted and get a pay rise/loss/raise.
    9 He gets angry very often. It's hard to get by/along/after with him.
    6 They were fired last month and they are still employed/jobless/applied.
    4 He was often late for work. So he was fired/accepted/employed.
    8 I'm very tired. I need to take/get/give some sleep.
    1 She works like/as/such as a teacher. She teaches English.
    11 They needed more workers. They took out/for/on new staff.
    10 Our plane takes on/out/off at 10 a.m.
    5 She didn't like her job. She decided to apply/get off/quit.

    Nezaměňujte anglické termíny salary, wage a pay. Salary je pravidelný měsíční plat. Wage je mzda (hl. placená od hodiny, týdně ap.). Pay je plat či výplata, tedy vyplácené peníze. Např. pay day je den výplaty ap. Obecný formální termín pro odměnu (či odměňování) za práci je většinou remuneration rɪˌmjuːnəˈreɪʃən.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte správné tvary trpného rodu.

    6 The job pay well . You can make a lot of money.
    1 I don't know its name. What it call ?
    5 My car has broken down. It needs to repair .
    9 I don't understand it. The messages write in Chinese.
    8 This meat eat cooked.
    10 Over 20 new workers take on last month.
    7 You'll understand. English and French speak there.
    4 He left his car there and it steal .
    2 The house sell last week.
    3 We can't go there. We not invite .

    Užitečný obrat s trpným rodem je: be held - konat se (má podobný význam jako nám již známé take place). Např.: A meeting was held. - Konala se schůzka. ap. Hold znamená držet, ale také pořádat či konat. Pozor! Hold je nepravidelné sloveso s tvary: Past tense (PT) - held hεld a Past participle (PP) - held hεld.

    Exercise 6

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    • Řekněte anglicky s použitím částice to. Využijte nápovědu.

    9 Měl štěstí, že našel práci. lucky
    1 Byla překvapená, že mě vidí. surprised
    7 Mám jiné věci na práci. other things
    5 Je toho tady hodně k vidění. a lot
    6 Znám místo, kde se dá skvěle najíst. great place
    4 To rád slyším. glad
    10 Promiňte, že vás obtěžuji. bother
    2 Očekávám, že nám pomůžete. expect you
    3 Byl první, kdo to věděl. first
    8 Předstírala, že neví. pretend, not

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte výroky s přibližně stejným významem.

    • 1 She was fired.
    • 2 She's got a pay rise.
    • 3 He's jobless.
    • 4 She's looking for a job.
    • 5 He's been promoted.
    • 6 She works for herself.
    • 7 He applied for a job.
    • 8 He quit his job.
    • b She's her own boss.
    • d She's better paid now.
    • f She's trying to find employment.
    • c He sent a job application.
    • g She lost her job.
    • e He stopped working there.
    • a He's unemployed.
    • h He's better off now.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte druhou větu tak, aby měla opačný význam než věta první.

    7 He bought the car last year. – He the car last year.
    2 The keys were lost. – The keys were .
    6 She lost her job. – She a new job.
    1 It's getting better. – It's getting .
    3 They hired 5 workers. – They 5 workers.
    10 When does the plane land? – When does the plane off?
    5 He's jobless. – He's .
    9 Can you take me to the airport? – Can you me up at the airport?
    8 My car is repaired. – My car is .
    4 They got married. – They got .

    Exercise 9

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    • Utvořte věty stejného významu pomocí trpného rodu.

    1 They saw her there.
    8 They gave us some money.
    14 Our company employed him.
    2 Many workers use it.
    9 You can eat it.
    13 They hired two employees.
    4 Someone told him to do it.
    6 He promoted her.
    7 They say that she is beautiful.
    11 Somebody lost the keys.
    5 They made him do it.
    3 She sent the message.
    12 Nobody ever found it.
    10 Rich people buy these cars.

    He is wanted. je česky: Hledá ho policie. (zločince ap.). Help wanted. znamená: Přijmeme výpomoc. (brigádníka ap.).

    Exercise 10

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    • Přečtěte a napište celými slovy anglicky.

    1 2/3
    11 0.25
    8 55 + 55 = 110
    6 53
    5 32
    7 106
    12 3,650,500
    10 27 : 9 = 3
    4 1/2
    2 3/4
    3 5/9
    9 35 - 20 = 15

    Exercise 11

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    • Přeložte změny stavu become, get, go, grow, turn. Využijte nápovědu.

    11 Rozčílil se. angry
    15 Přestává mě to bavit. tired
    2 Na to si zvykneš. used to
    7 Proslavila se. famous
    1 Stmívá se. dark
    9 Dostali jsme hlad. hungry
    10 Dostávám žízeň. thirsty
    6 Začíná to být těžké. difficult
    16 Brzy se unavila. tired
    8 To jídlo se zkazí. bad
    14 Začal jsem mít strach. afraid
    12 Zmokneš. wet
    13 Počítač (se) zpomaluje. slow
    5 Počasí se zhoršilo. worse
    3 Opili se. drunk
    4 Lepšíš se. better

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte vhodné slovo.

    7 John hasn't found a job yet. He is still .
    5 These jobs are not well . You won't make much money.
    3 We need more staff. We must new employees.
    8 He didn't send me the money. He me really angry.
    1 What does he do for a ? – He works as a teacher.
    6 Why did she her job? – Her salary was too low.
    9 It's hard to get along with her. She angry very often.
    2 He applied a job, but he wasn't accepted.
    10 There was no meeting yesterday. It was called .
    4 He worked a programmer but was fired.

    Exercise 13

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    • Řekněte podle nápovědy anglicky, co (si) kdo nechal či dal udělat.

    6 she, hair, cut
    8 we, the table, make
    2 my parents, new house, build
    7 he, his jacket, wash
    4 he, fire her
    3 they, room, clean
    5 we, food, bring to our room
    1 I, car, repair

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte. Kde lze, použijte trpný rod.

    15 Prodalo se 1000 aut.
    11 Vyrábí se tam auta.
    13 Zvykl jsem si na to.
    14 Rezervace byla zrušena.
    8 Najali 5 pracovníků.
    9 Ukradli mu auto.
    16 Musím si ti nechat opravit.
    3 Dělám sám na sebe.
    5 Jak se to nazývá anglicky?
    1 Čím se živíte?
    4 Byl povýšen.
    2 Pracuji jako účetní.
    7 Jak se to dělá?
    17 Dostal padáka.
    18 Dvě třetiny z nich dostaly přidáno.
    10 V Británii se mluví anglicky.
    12 Dostala padáka.
    6 Byli potrestáni.

    Sloveso fire (vyhodit z práce) je běžné, ale spíše hovorové. Znamená též mimo jiné vypálit, vystřelit (ze zbraně ap.). Formální termín pro propustit (z práce) je dismiss dɪsˈmɪs. Např. He was dismissed. - Byl propuštěn.