Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    9 The e-mail was sent yesterday.
    11 He's employed by our company.
    4 He makes a lot of money.
    2 I work for myself.
    12 They were fired.
    8 What is it called in English?
    10 This word is not used often.
    3 I'm an employee.
    6 She applied for a job.
    1 What do you do for a living?
    5 He started his own business.
    7 What is meant by that?

    Už znáte užití koncovky -er - váže se k subjektu, jenž něco činí, např. employer, worker. Podobně funguje u některých sloves koncovka -or např.: translate (přeložit) - translator (překladatel) ap. Všimněte si též koncovky -ee např. u slova employee. Ta se naopak užívá u osoby, která je činnosti podrobena. Např. interviewer (dotazovatel) - interviewee (dotazovaný - u pohovoru ap.).

    Exercise 2

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    3 Bob doesn't work for a British company now.
    7 I make more money now.
    1 Jane works for herself.
    6 Jack got the job.
    4 Less than 50 workers work for the company.
    5 Some workers lost their jobs.
    2 Mark works on a computer.
    8 John has already found a job.

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 The food will go bad.
    • 2 She got fired.
    • 3 I'm getting thirsty.
    • 4 It makes me angry.
    • 5 He got angry.
    • 6 It's not getting better.
    • 7 It's getting cold.
    • 8 He should get used to it.
    • d Nelepší se to.
    • a Ochlazuje se.
    • b Dostávám žízeň.
    • h Štve mě to.
    • g Dostala padáka.
    • f Naštval se.
    • c Jídlo se zkazí.
    • e Měl by si na to zvyknout.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    10 Our plane takes on/out/off at 10 a.m.
    5 She didn't like her job. She decided to apply/get off/quit.
    4 He was often late for work. So he was fired/accepted/employed.
    2 He applied for a job, but he wasn't taken/received/accepted.
    11 They needed more workers. They took out/for/on new staff.
    3 He got the job – Oh really? I'm so nice/glad/fine to hear that.
    6 They were fired last month and they are still employed/jobless/applied.
    1 She works like/as/such as a teacher. She teaches English.
    7 He'll be promoted and get a pay rise/loss/raise.
    8 I'm very tired. I need to take/get/give some sleep.
    9 He gets angry very often. It's hard to get by/along/after with him.

    Nezaměňujte anglické termíny salary, wage a pay. Salary je pravidelný měsíční plat. Wage je mzda (hl. placená od hodiny, týdně ap.). Pay je plat či výplata, tedy vyplácené peníze. Např. pay day je den výplaty ap. Obecný formální termín pro odměnu (či odměňování) za práci je většinou remuneration rɪˌmjuːnəˈreɪʃən.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte správné tvary trpného rodu.

    6 The job pay well . You can make a lot of money.
    7 You'll understand. English and French speak there.
    10 Over 20 new workers take on last month.
    4 He left his car there and it steal .
    5 My car has broken down. It needs to repair .
    8 This meat eat cooked.
    3 We can't go there. We not invite .
    9 I don't understand it. The messages write in Chinese.
    1 I don't know its name. What it call ?
    2 The house sell last week.

    Užitečný obrat s trpným rodem je: be held - konat se (má podobný význam jako nám již známé take place). Např.: A meeting was held. - Konala se schůzka. ap. Hold znamená držet, ale také pořádat či konat. Pozor! Hold je nepravidelné sloveso s tvary: Past tense (PT) - held hεld a Past participle (PP) - held hεld.

    Exercise 6

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    • Řekněte anglicky s použitím částice to. Využijte nápovědu.

    6 Znám místo, kde se dá skvěle najíst. great place
    7 Mám jiné věci na práci. other things
    2 Očekávám, že nám pomůžete. expect you
    3 Byl první, kdo to věděl. first
    10 Promiňte, že vás obtěžuji. bother
    8 Předstírala, že neví. pretend, not
    9 Měl štěstí, že našel práci. lucky
    4 To rád slyším. glad
    1 Byla překvapená, že mě vidí. surprised
    5 Je toho tady hodně k vidění. a lot

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte výroky s přibližně stejným významem.

    • 1 She was fired.
    • 2 She's got a pay rise.
    • 3 He's jobless.
    • 4 She's looking for a job.
    • 5 He's been promoted.
    • 6 She works for herself.
    • 7 He applied for a job.
    • 8 He quit his job.
    • a He's unemployed.
    • c He sent a job application.
    • f She's trying to find employment.
    • b She's her own boss.
    • e He stopped working there.
    • h He's better off now.
    • d She's better paid now.
    • g She lost her job.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte druhou větu tak, aby měla opačný význam než věta první.

    1 It's getting better. – It's getting .
    6 She lost her job. – She a new job.
    3 They hired 5 workers. – They 5 workers.
    8 My car is repaired. – My car is .
    2 The keys were lost. – The keys were .
    7 He bought the car last year. – He the car last year.
    4 They got married. – They got .
    5 He's jobless. – He's .
    10 When does the plane land? – When does the plane off?
    9 Can you take me to the airport? – Can you me up at the airport?

    Exercise 9

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    • Utvořte věty stejného významu pomocí trpného rodu.

    10 Rich people buy these cars.
    7 They say that she is beautiful.
    2 Many workers use it.
    8 They gave us some money.
    1 They saw her there.
    3 She sent the message.
    14 Our company employed him.
    5 They made him do it.
    6 He promoted her.
    9 You can eat it.
    12 Nobody ever found it.
    13 They hired two employees.
    4 Someone told him to do it.
    11 Somebody lost the keys.

    He is wanted. je česky: Hledá ho policie. (zločince ap.). Help wanted. znamená: Přijmeme výpomoc. (brigádníka ap.).

    Exercise 10

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    • Přečtěte a napište celými slovy anglicky.

    5 32
    1 2/3
    6 53
    12 3,650,500
    10 27 : 9 = 3
    2 3/4
    8 55 + 55 = 110
    11 0.25
    3 5/9
    7 106
    9 35 - 20 = 15
    4 1/2

    Exercise 11

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    • Přeložte změny stavu become, get, go, grow, turn. Využijte nápovědu.

    11 Rozčílil se. angry
    3 Opili se. drunk
    2 Na to si zvykneš. used to
    7 Proslavila se. famous
    9 Dostali jsme hlad. hungry
    5 Počasí se zhoršilo. worse
    12 Zmokneš. wet
    10 Dostávám žízeň. thirsty
    8 To jídlo se zkazí. bad
    16 Brzy se unavila. tired
    14 Začal jsem mít strach. afraid
    15 Přestává mě to bavit. tired
    6 Začíná to být těžké. difficult
    4 Lepšíš se. better
    1 Stmívá se. dark
    13 Počítač (se) zpomaluje. slow

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte vhodné slovo.

    8 He didn't send me the money. He me really angry.
    6 Why did she her job? – Her salary was too low.
    4 He worked a programmer but was fired.
    7 John hasn't found a job yet. He is still .
    3 We need more staff. We must new employees.
    1 What does he do for a ? – He works as a teacher.
    9 It's hard to get along with her. She angry very often.
    5 These jobs are not well . You won't make much money.
    10 There was no meeting yesterday. It was called .
    2 He applied a job, but he wasn't accepted.

    Exercise 13

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    • Řekněte podle nápovědy anglicky, co (si) kdo nechal či dal udělat.

    8 we, the table, make
    1 I, car, repair
    3 they, room, clean
    6 she, hair, cut
    2 my parents, new house, build
    7 he, his jacket, wash
    4 he, fire her
    5 we, food, bring to our room

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte. Kde lze, použijte trpný rod.

    7 Jak se to dělá?
    6 Byli potrestáni.
    11 Vyrábí se tam auta.
    18 Dvě třetiny z nich dostaly přidáno.
    1 Čím se živíte?
    3 Dělám sám na sebe.
    13 Zvykl jsem si na to.
    16 Musím si ti nechat opravit.
    10 V Británii se mluví anglicky.
    15 Prodalo se 1000 aut.
    9 Ukradli mu auto.
    17 Dostal padáka.
    14 Rezervace byla zrušena.
    5 Jak se to nazývá anglicky?
    2 Pracuji jako účetní.
    8 Najali 5 pracovníků.
    4 Byl povýšen.
    12 Dostala padáka.

    Sloveso fire (vyhodit z práce) je běžné, ale spíše hovorové. Znamená též mimo jiné vypálit, vystřelit (ze zbraně ap.). Formální termín pro propustit (z práce) je dismiss dɪsˈmɪs. Např. He was dismissed. - Byl propuštěn.