Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    3 I'm an employee.
    9 The e-mail was sent yesterday.
    5 He started his own business.
    2 I work for myself.
    8 What is it called in English?
    12 They were fired.
    4 He makes a lot of money.
    10 This word is not used often.
    6 She applied for a job.
    1 What do you do for a living?
    11 He's employed by our company.
    7 What is meant by that?

    Už znáte užití koncovky -er - váže se k subjektu, jenž něco činí, např. employer, worker. Podobně funguje u některých sloves koncovka -or např.: translate (přeložit) - translator (překladatel) ap. Všimněte si též koncovky -ee např. u slova employee. Ta se naopak užívá u osoby, která je činnosti podrobena. Např. interviewer (dotazovatel) - interviewee (dotazovaný - u pohovoru ap.).

    Exercise 2

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    4 Less than 50 workers work for the company.
    1 Jane works for herself.
    2 Mark works on a computer.
    8 John has already found a job.
    7 I make more money now.
    3 Bob doesn't work for a British company now.
    6 Jack got the job.
    5 Some workers lost their jobs.

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 The food will go bad.
    • 2 She got fired.
    • 3 I'm getting thirsty.
    • 4 It makes me angry.
    • 5 He got angry.
    • 6 It's not getting better.
    • 7 It's getting cold.
    • 8 He should get used to it.
    • e Měl by si na to zvyknout.
    • h Štve mě to.
    • a Ochlazuje se.
    • f Naštval se.
    • b Dostávám žízeň.
    • d Nelepší se to.
    • g Dostala padáka.
    • c Jídlo se zkazí.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    9 He gets angry very often. It's hard to get by/along/after with him.
    5 She didn't like her job. She decided to apply/get off/quit.
    8 I'm very tired. I need to take/get/give some sleep.
    7 He'll be promoted and get a pay rise/loss/raise.
    3 He got the job – Oh really? I'm so nice/glad/fine to hear that.
    6 They were fired last month and they are still employed/jobless/applied.
    10 Our plane takes on/out/off at 10 a.m.
    2 He applied for a job, but he wasn't taken/received/accepted.
    11 They needed more workers. They took out/for/on new staff.
    4 He was often late for work. So he was fired/accepted/employed.
    1 She works like/as/such as a teacher. She teaches English.

    Nezaměňujte anglické termíny salary, wage a pay. Salary je pravidelný měsíční plat. Wage je mzda (hl. placená od hodiny, týdně ap.). Pay je plat či výplata, tedy vyplácené peníze. Např. pay day je den výplaty ap. Obecný formální termín pro odměnu (či odměňování) za práci je většinou remuneration rɪˌmjuːnəˈreɪʃən.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte správné tvary trpného rodu.

    1 I don't know its name. What it call ?
    7 You'll understand. English and French speak there.
    10 Over 20 new workers take on last month.
    4 He left his car there and it steal .
    3 We can't go there. We not invite .
    5 My car has broken down. It needs to repair .
    8 This meat eat cooked.
    6 The job pay well . You can make a lot of money.
    2 The house sell last week.
    9 I don't understand it. The messages write in Chinese.

    Užitečný obrat s trpným rodem je: be held - konat se (má podobný význam jako nám již známé take place). Např.: A meeting was held. - Konala se schůzka. ap. Hold znamená držet, ale také pořádat či konat. Pozor! Hold je nepravidelné sloveso s tvary: Past tense (PT) - held hεld a Past participle (PP) - held hεld.

    Exercise 6

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    • Řekněte anglicky s použitím částice to. Využijte nápovědu.

    10 Promiňte, že vás obtěžuji. bother
    3 Byl první, kdo to věděl. first
    8 Předstírala, že neví. pretend, not
    9 Měl štěstí, že našel práci. lucky
    6 Znám místo, kde se dá skvěle najíst. great place
    5 Je toho tady hodně k vidění. a lot
    2 Očekávám, že nám pomůžete. expect you
    4 To rád slyším. glad
    7 Mám jiné věci na práci. other things
    1 Byla překvapená, že mě vidí. surprised

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte výroky s přibližně stejným významem.

    • 1 She was fired.
    • 2 She's got a pay rise.
    • 3 He's jobless.
    • 4 She's looking for a job.
    • 5 He's been promoted.
    • 6 She works for herself.
    • 7 He applied for a job.
    • 8 He quit his job.
    • d She's better paid now.
    • e He stopped working there.
    • g She lost her job.
    • h He's better off now.
    • b She's her own boss.
    • c He sent a job application.
    • a He's unemployed.
    • f She's trying to find employment.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte druhou větu tak, aby měla opačný význam než věta první.

    10 When does the plane land? – When does the plane off?
    4 They got married. – They got .
    1 It's getting better. – It's getting .
    6 She lost her job. – She a new job.
    9 Can you take me to the airport? – Can you me up at the airport?
    7 He bought the car last year. – He the car last year.
    3 They hired 5 workers. – They 5 workers.
    5 He's jobless. – He's .
    8 My car is repaired. – My car is .
    2 The keys were lost. – The keys were .

    Exercise 9

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    • Utvořte věty stejného významu pomocí trpného rodu.

    9 You can eat it.
    11 Somebody lost the keys.
    5 They made him do it.
    13 They hired two employees.
    14 Our company employed him.
    3 She sent the message.
    10 Rich people buy these cars.
    6 He promoted her.
    4 Someone told him to do it.
    8 They gave us some money.
    2 Many workers use it.
    1 They saw her there.
    12 Nobody ever found it.
    7 They say that she is beautiful.

    He is wanted. je česky: Hledá ho policie. (zločince ap.). Help wanted. znamená: Přijmeme výpomoc. (brigádníka ap.).

    Exercise 10

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    • Přečtěte a napište celými slovy anglicky.

    3 5/9
    2 3/4
    11 0.25
    7 106
    9 35 - 20 = 15
    5 32
    12 3,650,500
    8 55 + 55 = 110
    6 53
    4 1/2
    10 27 : 9 = 3
    1 2/3

    Exercise 11

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    • Přeložte změny stavu become, get, go, grow, turn. Využijte nápovědu.

    9 Dostali jsme hlad. hungry
    2 Na to si zvykneš. used to
    3 Opili se. drunk
    15 Přestává mě to bavit. tired
    5 Počasí se zhoršilo. worse
    12 Zmokneš. wet
    7 Proslavila se. famous
    6 Začíná to být těžké. difficult
    10 Dostávám žízeň. thirsty
    16 Brzy se unavila. tired
    1 Stmívá se. dark
    14 Začal jsem mít strach. afraid
    13 Počítač (se) zpomaluje. slow
    11 Rozčílil se. angry
    4 Lepšíš se. better
    8 To jídlo se zkazí. bad

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte vhodné slovo.

    10 There was no meeting yesterday. It was called .
    1 What does he do for a ? – He works as a teacher.
    2 He applied a job, but he wasn't accepted.
    5 These jobs are not well . You won't make much money.
    8 He didn't send me the money. He me really angry.
    9 It's hard to get along with her. She angry very often.
    4 He worked a programmer but was fired.
    7 John hasn't found a job yet. He is still .
    3 We need more staff. We must new employees.
    6 Why did she her job? – Her salary was too low.

    Exercise 13

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    • Řekněte podle nápovědy anglicky, co (si) kdo nechal či dal udělat.

    5 we, food, bring to our room
    3 they, room, clean
    2 my parents, new house, build
    7 he, his jacket, wash
    6 she, hair, cut
    4 he, fire her
    1 I, car, repair
    8 we, the table, make

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte. Kde lze, použijte trpný rod.

    16 Musím si ti nechat opravit.
    7 Jak se to dělá?
    10 V Británii se mluví anglicky.
    1 Čím se živíte?
    2 Pracuji jako účetní.
    4 Byl povýšen.
    15 Prodalo se 1000 aut.
    17 Dostal padáka.
    9 Ukradli mu auto.
    18 Dvě třetiny z nich dostaly přidáno.
    12 Dostala padáka.
    11 Vyrábí se tam auta.
    3 Dělám sám na sebe.
    13 Zvykl jsem si na to.
    5 Jak se to nazývá anglicky?
    14 Rezervace byla zrušena.
    6 Byli potrestáni.
    8 Najali 5 pracovníků.

    Sloveso fire (vyhodit z práce) je běžné, ale spíše hovorové. Znamená též mimo jiné vypálit, vystřelit (ze zbraně ap.). Formální termín pro propustit (z práce) je dismiss dɪsˈmɪs. Např. He was dismissed. - Byl propuštěn.