Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    7 What is meant by that?
    8 What is it called in English?
    6 She applied for a job.
    5 He started his own business.
    1 What do you do for a living?
    9 The e-mail was sent yesterday.
    12 They were fired.
    11 He's employed by our company.
    4 He makes a lot of money.
    2 I work for myself.
    10 This word is not used often.
    3 I'm an employee.

    Už znáte užití koncovky -er - váže se k subjektu, jenž něco činí, např. employer, worker. Podobně funguje u některých sloves koncovka -or např.: translate (přeložit) - translator (překladatel) ap. Všimněte si též koncovky -ee např. u slova employee. Ta se naopak užívá u osoby, která je činnosti podrobena. Např. interviewer (dotazovatel) - interviewee (dotazovaný - u pohovoru ap.).

    Exercise 2

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    4 Less than 50 workers work for the company.
    8 John has already found a job.
    1 Jane works for herself.
    3 Bob doesn't work for a British company now.
    2 Mark works on a computer.
    7 I make more money now.
    5 Some workers lost their jobs.
    6 Jack got the job.

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 The food will go bad.
    • 2 She got fired.
    • 3 I'm getting thirsty.
    • 4 It makes me angry.
    • 5 He got angry.
    • 6 It's not getting better.
    • 7 It's getting cold.
    • 8 He should get used to it.
    • c Jídlo se zkazí.
    • f Naštval se.
    • b Dostávám žízeň.
    • g Dostala padáka.
    • e Měl by si na to zvyknout.
    • d Nelepší se to.
    • h Štve mě to.
    • a Ochlazuje se.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    3 He got the job – Oh really? I'm so nice/glad/fine to hear that.
    2 He applied for a job, but he wasn't taken/received/accepted.
    4 He was often late for work. So he was fired/accepted/employed.
    7 He'll be promoted and get a pay rise/loss/raise.
    6 They were fired last month and they are still employed/jobless/applied.
    9 He gets angry very often. It's hard to get by/along/after with him.
    5 She didn't like her job. She decided to apply/get off/quit.
    10 Our plane takes on/out/off at 10 a.m.
    8 I'm very tired. I need to take/get/give some sleep.
    1 She works like/as/such as a teacher. She teaches English.
    11 They needed more workers. They took out/for/on new staff.

    Nezaměňujte anglické termíny salary, wage a pay. Salary je pravidelný měsíční plat. Wage je mzda (hl. placená od hodiny, týdně ap.). Pay je plat či výplata, tedy vyplácené peníze. Např. pay day je den výplaty ap. Obecný formální termín pro odměnu (či odměňování) za práci je většinou remuneration rɪˌmjuːnəˈreɪʃən.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte správné tvary trpného rodu.

    8 This meat eat cooked.
    7 You'll understand. English and French speak there.
    2 The house sell last week.
    4 He left his car there and it steal .
    5 My car has broken down. It needs to repair .
    9 I don't understand it. The messages write in Chinese.
    10 Over 20 new workers take on last month.
    1 I don't know its name. What it call ?
    3 We can't go there. We not invite .
    6 The job pay well . You can make a lot of money.

    Užitečný obrat s trpným rodem je: be held - konat se (má podobný význam jako nám již známé take place). Např.: A meeting was held. - Konala se schůzka. ap. Hold znamená držet, ale také pořádat či konat. Pozor! Hold je nepravidelné sloveso s tvary: Past tense (PT) - held hεld a Past participle (PP) - held hεld.

    Exercise 6

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    • Řekněte anglicky s použitím částice to. Využijte nápovědu.

    9 Měl štěstí, že našel práci. lucky
    5 Je toho tady hodně k vidění. a lot
    10 Promiňte, že vás obtěžuji. bother
    1 Byla překvapená, že mě vidí. surprised
    4 To rád slyším. glad
    6 Znám místo, kde se dá skvěle najíst. great place
    7 Mám jiné věci na práci. other things
    8 Předstírala, že neví. pretend, not
    3 Byl první, kdo to věděl. first
    2 Očekávám, že nám pomůžete. expect you

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte výroky s přibližně stejným významem.

    • 1 She was fired.
    • 2 She's got a pay rise.
    • 3 He's jobless.
    • 4 She's looking for a job.
    • 5 He's been promoted.
    • 6 She works for herself.
    • 7 He applied for a job.
    • 8 He quit his job.
    • g She lost her job.
    • d She's better paid now.
    • b She's her own boss.
    • f She's trying to find employment.
    • e He stopped working there.
    • c He sent a job application.
    • h He's better off now.
    • a He's unemployed.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte druhou větu tak, aby měla opačný význam než věta první.

    9 Can you take me to the airport? – Can you me up at the airport?
    5 He's jobless. – He's .
    6 She lost her job. – She a new job.
    3 They hired 5 workers. – They 5 workers.
    2 The keys were lost. – The keys were .
    1 It's getting better. – It's getting .
    7 He bought the car last year. – He the car last year.
    4 They got married. – They got .
    10 When does the plane land? – When does the plane off?
    8 My car is repaired. – My car is .

    Exercise 9

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    • Utvořte věty stejného významu pomocí trpného rodu.

    8 They gave us some money.
    13 They hired two employees.
    10 Rich people buy these cars.
    3 She sent the message.
    11 Somebody lost the keys.
    9 You can eat it.
    2 Many workers use it.
    7 They say that she is beautiful.
    14 Our company employed him.
    1 They saw her there.
    4 Someone told him to do it.
    5 They made him do it.
    6 He promoted her.
    12 Nobody ever found it.

    He is wanted. je česky: Hledá ho policie. (zločince ap.). Help wanted. znamená: Přijmeme výpomoc. (brigádníka ap.).

    Exercise 10

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    • Přečtěte a napište celými slovy anglicky.

    5 32
    7 106
    6 53
    9 35 - 20 = 15
    4 1/2
    10 27 : 9 = 3
    12 3,650,500
    1 2/3
    11 0.25
    3 5/9
    8 55 + 55 = 110
    2 3/4

    Exercise 11

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    • Přeložte změny stavu become, get, go, grow, turn. Využijte nápovědu.

    9 Dostali jsme hlad. hungry
    14 Začal jsem mít strach. afraid
    16 Brzy se unavila. tired
    10 Dostávám žízeň. thirsty
    7 Proslavila se. famous
    11 Rozčílil se. angry
    6 Začíná to být těžké. difficult
    15 Přestává mě to bavit. tired
    8 To jídlo se zkazí. bad
    3 Opili se. drunk
    5 Počasí se zhoršilo. worse
    12 Zmokneš. wet
    2 Na to si zvykneš. used to
    1 Stmívá se. dark
    13 Počítač (se) zpomaluje. slow
    4 Lepšíš se. better

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte vhodné slovo.

    5 These jobs are not well . You won't make much money.
    2 He applied a job, but he wasn't accepted.
    1 What does he do for a ? – He works as a teacher.
    7 John hasn't found a job yet. He is still .
    6 Why did she her job? – Her salary was too low.
    9 It's hard to get along with her. She angry very often.
    3 We need more staff. We must new employees.
    8 He didn't send me the money. He me really angry.
    10 There was no meeting yesterday. It was called .
    4 He worked a programmer but was fired.

    Exercise 13

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    • Řekněte podle nápovědy anglicky, co (si) kdo nechal či dal udělat.

    3 they, room, clean
    1 I, car, repair
    5 we, food, bring to our room
    4 he, fire her
    7 he, his jacket, wash
    8 we, the table, make
    6 she, hair, cut
    2 my parents, new house, build

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte. Kde lze, použijte trpný rod.

    3 Dělám sám na sebe.
    15 Prodalo se 1000 aut.
    17 Dostal padáka.
    6 Byli potrestáni.
    11 Vyrábí se tam auta.
    14 Rezervace byla zrušena.
    13 Zvykl jsem si na to.
    4 Byl povýšen.
    12 Dostala padáka.
    7 Jak se to dělá?
    5 Jak se to nazývá anglicky?
    1 Čím se živíte?
    8 Najali 5 pracovníků.
    10 V Británii se mluví anglicky.
    18 Dvě třetiny z nich dostaly přidáno.
    16 Musím si ti nechat opravit.
    9 Ukradli mu auto.
    2 Pracuji jako účetní.

    Sloveso fire (vyhodit z práce) je běžné, ale spíše hovorové. Znamená též mimo jiné vypálit, vystřelit (ze zbraně ap.). Formální termín pro propustit (z práce) je dismiss dɪsˈmɪs. Např. He was dismissed. - Byl propuštěn.