Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    5 He started his own business.
    10 This word is not used often.
    7 What is meant by that?
    6 She applied for a job.
    2 I work for myself.
    9 The e-mail was sent yesterday.
    8 What is it called in English?
    12 They were fired.
    11 He's employed by our company.
    1 What do you do for a living?
    3 I'm an employee.
    4 He makes a lot of money.

    Už znáte užití koncovky -er - váže se k subjektu, jenž něco činí, např. employer, worker. Podobně funguje u některých sloves koncovka -or např.: translate (přeložit) - translator (překladatel) ap. Všimněte si též koncovky -ee např. u slova employee. Ta se naopak užívá u osoby, která je činnosti podrobena. Např. interviewer (dotazovatel) - interviewee (dotazovaný - u pohovoru ap.).

    Exercise 2

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    7 I make more money now.
    8 John has already found a job.
    3 Bob doesn't work for a British company now.
    5 Some workers lost their jobs.
    4 Less than 50 workers work for the company.
    6 Jack got the job.
    2 Mark works on a computer.
    1 Jane works for herself.

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 The food will go bad.
    • 2 She got fired.
    • 3 I'm getting thirsty.
    • 4 It makes me angry.
    • 5 He got angry.
    • 6 It's not getting better.
    • 7 It's getting cold.
    • 8 He should get used to it.
    • a Ochlazuje se.
    • g Dostala padáka.
    • e Měl by si na to zvyknout.
    • d Nelepší se to.
    • b Dostávám žízeň.
    • c Jídlo se zkazí.
    • h Štve mě to.
    • f Naštval se.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    6 They were fired last month and they are still employed/jobless/applied.
    11 They needed more workers. They took out/for/on new staff.
    10 Our plane takes on/out/off at 10 a.m.
    2 He applied for a job, but he wasn't taken/received/accepted.
    3 He got the job – Oh really? I'm so nice/glad/fine to hear that.
    1 She works like/as/such as a teacher. She teaches English.
    8 I'm very tired. I need to take/get/give some sleep.
    7 He'll be promoted and get a pay rise/loss/raise.
    4 He was often late for work. So he was fired/accepted/employed.
    5 She didn't like her job. She decided to apply/get off/quit.
    9 He gets angry very often. It's hard to get by/along/after with him.

    Nezaměňujte anglické termíny salary, wage a pay. Salary je pravidelný měsíční plat. Wage je mzda (hl. placená od hodiny, týdně ap.). Pay je plat či výplata, tedy vyplácené peníze. Např. pay day je den výplaty ap. Obecný formální termín pro odměnu (či odměňování) za práci je většinou remuneration rɪˌmjuːnəˈreɪʃən.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte správné tvary trpného rodu.

    3 We can't go there. We not invite .
    8 This meat eat cooked.
    10 Over 20 new workers take on last month.
    1 I don't know its name. What it call ?
    2 The house sell last week.
    7 You'll understand. English and French speak there.
    6 The job pay well . You can make a lot of money.
    9 I don't understand it. The messages write in Chinese.
    5 My car has broken down. It needs to repair .
    4 He left his car there and it steal .

    Užitečný obrat s trpným rodem je: be held - konat se (má podobný význam jako nám již známé take place). Např.: A meeting was held. - Konala se schůzka. ap. Hold znamená držet, ale také pořádat či konat. Pozor! Hold je nepravidelné sloveso s tvary: Past tense (PT) - held hεld a Past participle (PP) - held hεld.

    Exercise 6

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    • Řekněte anglicky s použitím částice to. Využijte nápovědu.

    1 Byla překvapená, že mě vidí. surprised
    5 Je toho tady hodně k vidění. a lot
    9 Měl štěstí, že našel práci. lucky
    10 Promiňte, že vás obtěžuji. bother
    6 Znám místo, kde se dá skvěle najíst. great place
    4 To rád slyším. glad
    7 Mám jiné věci na práci. other things
    2 Očekávám, že nám pomůžete. expect you
    8 Předstírala, že neví. pretend, not
    3 Byl první, kdo to věděl. first

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte výroky s přibližně stejným významem.

    • 1 She was fired.
    • 2 She's got a pay rise.
    • 3 He's jobless.
    • 4 She's looking for a job.
    • 5 He's been promoted.
    • 6 She works for herself.
    • 7 He applied for a job.
    • 8 He quit his job.
    • a He's unemployed.
    • d She's better paid now.
    • b She's her own boss.
    • e He stopped working there.
    • g She lost her job.
    • h He's better off now.
    • c He sent a job application.
    • f She's trying to find employment.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte druhou větu tak, aby měla opačný význam než věta první.

    1 It's getting better. – It's getting .
    3 They hired 5 workers. – They 5 workers.
    8 My car is repaired. – My car is .
    2 The keys were lost. – The keys were .
    5 He's jobless. – He's .
    9 Can you take me to the airport? – Can you me up at the airport?
    10 When does the plane land? – When does the plane off?
    6 She lost her job. – She a new job.
    7 He bought the car last year. – He the car last year.
    4 They got married. – They got .

    Exercise 9

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    • Utvořte věty stejného významu pomocí trpného rodu.

    13 They hired two employees.
    3 She sent the message.
    8 They gave us some money.
    4 Someone told him to do it.
    11 Somebody lost the keys.
    9 You can eat it.
    10 Rich people buy these cars.
    2 Many workers use it.
    14 Our company employed him.
    5 They made him do it.
    12 Nobody ever found it.
    6 He promoted her.
    1 They saw her there.
    7 They say that she is beautiful.

    He is wanted. je česky: Hledá ho policie. (zločince ap.). Help wanted. znamená: Přijmeme výpomoc. (brigádníka ap.).

    Exercise 10

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    • Přečtěte a napište celými slovy anglicky.

    11 0.25
    5 32
    10 27 : 9 = 3
    4 1/2
    6 53
    8 55 + 55 = 110
    1 2/3
    3 5/9
    7 106
    2 3/4
    9 35 - 20 = 15
    12 3,650,500

    Exercise 11

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    • Přeložte změny stavu become, get, go, grow, turn. Využijte nápovědu.

    5 Počasí se zhoršilo. worse
    11 Rozčílil se. angry
    2 Na to si zvykneš. used to
    3 Opili se. drunk
    12 Zmokneš. wet
    4 Lepšíš se. better
    16 Brzy se unavila. tired
    6 Začíná to být těžké. difficult
    9 Dostali jsme hlad. hungry
    15 Přestává mě to bavit. tired
    10 Dostávám žízeň. thirsty
    7 Proslavila se. famous
    13 Počítač (se) zpomaluje. slow
    8 To jídlo se zkazí. bad
    1 Stmívá se. dark
    14 Začal jsem mít strach. afraid

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte vhodné slovo.

    9 It's hard to get along with her. She angry very often.
    8 He didn't send me the money. He me really angry.
    1 What does he do for a ? – He works as a teacher.
    6 Why did she her job? – Her salary was too low.
    5 These jobs are not well . You won't make much money.
    7 John hasn't found a job yet. He is still .
    3 We need more staff. We must new employees.
    4 He worked a programmer but was fired.
    10 There was no meeting yesterday. It was called .
    2 He applied a job, but he wasn't accepted.

    Exercise 13

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    • Řekněte podle nápovědy anglicky, co (si) kdo nechal či dal udělat.

    6 she, hair, cut
    5 we, food, bring to our room
    8 we, the table, make
    4 he, fire her
    1 I, car, repair
    7 he, his jacket, wash
    3 they, room, clean
    2 my parents, new house, build

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte. Kde lze, použijte trpný rod.

    9 Ukradli mu auto.
    4 Byl povýšen.
    10 V Británii se mluví anglicky.
    12 Dostala padáka.
    16 Musím si ti nechat opravit.
    11 Vyrábí se tam auta.
    8 Najali 5 pracovníků.
    3 Dělám sám na sebe.
    1 Čím se živíte?
    6 Byli potrestáni.
    7 Jak se to dělá?
    17 Dostal padáka.
    18 Dvě třetiny z nich dostaly přidáno.
    5 Jak se to nazývá anglicky?
    15 Prodalo se 1000 aut.
    2 Pracuji jako účetní.
    13 Zvykl jsem si na to.
    14 Rezervace byla zrušena.

    Sloveso fire (vyhodit z práce) je běžné, ale spíše hovorové. Znamená též mimo jiné vypálit, vystřelit (ze zbraně ap.). Formální termín pro propustit (z práce) je dismiss dɪsˈmɪs. Např. He was dismissed. - Byl propuštěn.