Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    10 This word is not used often.
    2 I work for myself.
    5 He started his own business.
    12 They were fired.
    11 He's employed by our company.
    6 She applied for a job.
    4 He makes a lot of money.
    1 What do you do for a living?
    3 I'm an employee.
    7 What is meant by that?
    8 What is it called in English?
    9 The e-mail was sent yesterday.

    Už znáte užití koncovky -er - váže se k subjektu, jenž něco činí, např. employer, worker. Podobně funguje u některých sloves koncovka -or např.: translate (přeložit) - translator (překladatel) ap. Všimněte si též koncovky -ee např. u slova employee. Ta se naopak užívá u osoby, která je činnosti podrobena. Např. interviewer (dotazovatel) - interviewee (dotazovaný - u pohovoru ap.).

    Exercise 2

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    7 I make more money now.
    1 Jane works for herself.
    2 Mark works on a computer.
    3 Bob doesn't work for a British company now.
    4 Less than 50 workers work for the company.
    5 Some workers lost their jobs.
    6 Jack got the job.
    8 John has already found a job.

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 The food will go bad.
    • 2 She got fired.
    • 3 I'm getting thirsty.
    • 4 It makes me angry.
    • 5 He got angry.
    • 6 It's not getting better.
    • 7 It's getting cold.
    • 8 He should get used to it.
    • d Nelepší se to.
    • a Ochlazuje se.
    • f Naštval se.
    • e Měl by si na to zvyknout.
    • b Dostávám žízeň.
    • h Štve mě to.
    • g Dostala padáka.
    • c Jídlo se zkazí.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    11 They needed more workers. They took out/for/on new staff.
    6 They were fired last month and they are still employed/jobless/applied.
    1 She works like/as/such as a teacher. She teaches English.
    9 He gets angry very often. It's hard to get by/along/after with him.
    7 He'll be promoted and get a pay rise/loss/raise.
    4 He was often late for work. So he was fired/accepted/employed.
    8 I'm very tired. I need to take/get/give some sleep.
    2 He applied for a job, but he wasn't taken/received/accepted.
    3 He got the job – Oh really? I'm so nice/glad/fine to hear that.
    5 She didn't like her job. She decided to apply/get off/quit.
    10 Our plane takes on/out/off at 10 a.m.

    Nezaměňujte anglické termíny salary, wage a pay. Salary je pravidelný měsíční plat. Wage je mzda (hl. placená od hodiny, týdně ap.). Pay je plat či výplata, tedy vyplácené peníze. Např. pay day je den výplaty ap. Obecný formální termín pro odměnu (či odměňování) za práci je většinou remuneration rɪˌmjuːnəˈreɪʃən.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte správné tvary trpného rodu.

    5 My car has broken down. It needs to repair .
    2 The house sell last week.
    10 Over 20 new workers take on last month.
    9 I don't understand it. The messages write in Chinese.
    8 This meat eat cooked.
    1 I don't know its name. What it call ?
    4 He left his car there and it steal .
    3 We can't go there. We not invite .
    7 You'll understand. English and French speak there.
    6 The job pay well . You can make a lot of money.

    Užitečný obrat s trpným rodem je: be held - konat se (má podobný význam jako nám již známé take place). Např.: A meeting was held. - Konala se schůzka. ap. Hold znamená držet, ale také pořádat či konat. Pozor! Hold je nepravidelné sloveso s tvary: Past tense (PT) - held hεld a Past participle (PP) - held hεld.

    Exercise 6

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    • Řekněte anglicky s použitím částice to. Využijte nápovědu.

    2 Očekávám, že nám pomůžete. expect you
    7 Mám jiné věci na práci. other things
    3 Byl první, kdo to věděl. first
    5 Je toho tady hodně k vidění. a lot
    9 Měl štěstí, že našel práci. lucky
    1 Byla překvapená, že mě vidí. surprised
    6 Znám místo, kde se dá skvěle najíst. great place
    8 Předstírala, že neví. pretend, not
    10 Promiňte, že vás obtěžuji. bother
    4 To rád slyším. glad

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte výroky s přibližně stejným významem.

    • 1 She was fired.
    • 2 She's got a pay rise.
    • 3 He's jobless.
    • 4 She's looking for a job.
    • 5 He's been promoted.
    • 6 She works for herself.
    • 7 He applied for a job.
    • 8 He quit his job.
    • b She's her own boss.
    • g She lost her job.
    • d She's better paid now.
    • c He sent a job application.
    • f She's trying to find employment.
    • e He stopped working there.
    • a He's unemployed.
    • h He's better off now.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte druhou větu tak, aby měla opačný význam než věta první.

    6 She lost her job. – She a new job.
    3 They hired 5 workers. – They 5 workers.
    1 It's getting better. – It's getting .
    10 When does the plane land? – When does the plane off?
    2 The keys were lost. – The keys were .
    8 My car is repaired. – My car is .
    7 He bought the car last year. – He the car last year.
    5 He's jobless. – He's .
    9 Can you take me to the airport? – Can you me up at the airport?
    4 They got married. – They got .

    Exercise 9

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    • Utvořte věty stejného významu pomocí trpného rodu.

    6 He promoted her.
    12 Nobody ever found it.
    4 Someone told him to do it.
    9 You can eat it.
    7 They say that she is beautiful.
    11 Somebody lost the keys.
    10 Rich people buy these cars.
    5 They made him do it.
    8 They gave us some money.
    1 They saw her there.
    3 She sent the message.
    2 Many workers use it.
    14 Our company employed him.
    13 They hired two employees.

    He is wanted. je česky: Hledá ho policie. (zločince ap.). Help wanted. znamená: Přijmeme výpomoc. (brigádníka ap.).

    Exercise 10

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    • Přečtěte a napište celými slovy anglicky.

    9 35 - 20 = 15
    7 106
    6 53
    1 2/3
    5 32
    3 5/9
    10 27 : 9 = 3
    4 1/2
    12 3,650,500
    2 3/4
    8 55 + 55 = 110
    11 0.25

    Exercise 11

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    • Přeložte změny stavu become, get, go, grow, turn. Využijte nápovědu.

    2 Na to si zvykneš. used to
    7 Proslavila se. famous
    14 Začal jsem mít strach. afraid
    16 Brzy se unavila. tired
    15 Přestává mě to bavit. tired
    11 Rozčílil se. angry
    9 Dostali jsme hlad. hungry
    5 Počasí se zhoršilo. worse
    1 Stmívá se. dark
    3 Opili se. drunk
    8 To jídlo se zkazí. bad
    13 Počítač (se) zpomaluje. slow
    4 Lepšíš se. better
    6 Začíná to být těžké. difficult
    10 Dostávám žízeň. thirsty
    12 Zmokneš. wet

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte vhodné slovo.

    1 What does he do for a ? – He works as a teacher.
    9 It's hard to get along with her. She angry very often.
    8 He didn't send me the money. He me really angry.
    2 He applied a job, but he wasn't accepted.
    10 There was no meeting yesterday. It was called .
    7 John hasn't found a job yet. He is still .
    6 Why did she her job? – Her salary was too low.
    3 We need more staff. We must new employees.
    4 He worked a programmer but was fired.
    5 These jobs are not well . You won't make much money.

    Exercise 13

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    • Řekněte podle nápovědy anglicky, co (si) kdo nechal či dal udělat.

    3 they, room, clean
    8 we, the table, make
    1 I, car, repair
    5 we, food, bring to our room
    2 my parents, new house, build
    7 he, his jacket, wash
    4 he, fire her
    6 she, hair, cut

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte. Kde lze, použijte trpný rod.

    6 Byli potrestáni.
    8 Najali 5 pracovníků.
    5 Jak se to nazývá anglicky?
    3 Dělám sám na sebe.
    12 Dostala padáka.
    13 Zvykl jsem si na to.
    18 Dvě třetiny z nich dostaly přidáno.
    11 Vyrábí se tam auta.
    15 Prodalo se 1000 aut.
    2 Pracuji jako účetní.
    4 Byl povýšen.
    9 Ukradli mu auto.
    7 Jak se to dělá?
    10 V Británii se mluví anglicky.
    17 Dostal padáka.
    1 Čím se živíte?
    16 Musím si ti nechat opravit.
    14 Rezervace byla zrušena.

    Sloveso fire (vyhodit z práce) je běžné, ale spíše hovorové. Znamená též mimo jiné vypálit, vystřelit (ze zbraně ap.). Formální termín pro propustit (z práce) je dismiss dɪsˈmɪs. Např. He was dismissed. - Byl propuštěn.