Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    3 I'm an employee.
    2 I work for myself.
    5 He started his own business.
    10 This word is not used often.
    8 What is it called in English?
    6 She applied for a job.
    9 The e-mail was sent yesterday.
    7 What is meant by that?
    1 What do you do for a living?
    11 He's employed by our company.
    12 They were fired.
    4 He makes a lot of money.

    Už znáte užití koncovky -er - váže se k subjektu, jenž něco činí, např. employer, worker. Podobně funguje u některých sloves koncovka -or např.: translate (přeložit) - translator (překladatel) ap. Všimněte si též koncovky -ee např. u slova employee. Ta se naopak užívá u osoby, která je činnosti podrobena. Např. interviewer (dotazovatel) - interviewee (dotazovaný - u pohovoru ap.).

    Exercise 2

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    2 Mark works on a computer.
    8 John has already found a job.
    6 Jack got the job.
    4 Less than 50 workers work for the company.
    5 Some workers lost their jobs.
    7 I make more money now.
    1 Jane works for herself.
    3 Bob doesn't work for a British company now.

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 The food will go bad.
    • 2 She got fired.
    • 3 I'm getting thirsty.
    • 4 It makes me angry.
    • 5 He got angry.
    • 6 It's not getting better.
    • 7 It's getting cold.
    • 8 He should get used to it.
    • g Dostala padáka.
    • a Ochlazuje se.
    • f Naštval se.
    • d Nelepší se to.
    • b Dostávám žízeň.
    • e Měl by si na to zvyknout.
    • c Jídlo se zkazí.
    • h Štve mě to.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    9 He gets angry very often. It's hard to get by/along/after with him.
    11 They needed more workers. They took out/for/on new staff.
    2 He applied for a job, but he wasn't taken/received/accepted.
    6 They were fired last month and they are still employed/jobless/applied.
    10 Our plane takes on/out/off at 10 a.m.
    8 I'm very tired. I need to take/get/give some sleep.
    7 He'll be promoted and get a pay rise/loss/raise.
    3 He got the job – Oh really? I'm so nice/glad/fine to hear that.
    5 She didn't like her job. She decided to apply/get off/quit.
    4 He was often late for work. So he was fired/accepted/employed.
    1 She works like/as/such as a teacher. She teaches English.

    Nezaměňujte anglické termíny salary, wage a pay. Salary je pravidelný měsíční plat. Wage je mzda (hl. placená od hodiny, týdně ap.). Pay je plat či výplata, tedy vyplácené peníze. Např. pay day je den výplaty ap. Obecný formální termín pro odměnu (či odměňování) za práci je většinou remuneration rɪˌmjuːnəˈreɪʃən.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte správné tvary trpného rodu.

    9 I don't understand it. The messages write in Chinese.
    5 My car has broken down. It needs to repair .
    1 I don't know its name. What it call ?
    3 We can't go there. We not invite .
    8 This meat eat cooked.
    2 The house sell last week.
    6 The job pay well . You can make a lot of money.
    4 He left his car there and it steal .
    10 Over 20 new workers take on last month.
    7 You'll understand. English and French speak there.

    Užitečný obrat s trpným rodem je: be held - konat se (má podobný význam jako nám již známé take place). Např.: A meeting was held. - Konala se schůzka. ap. Hold znamená držet, ale také pořádat či konat. Pozor! Hold je nepravidelné sloveso s tvary: Past tense (PT) - held hεld a Past participle (PP) - held hεld.

    Exercise 6

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    • Řekněte anglicky s použitím částice to. Využijte nápovědu.

    8 Předstírala, že neví. pretend, not
    1 Byla překvapená, že mě vidí. surprised
    4 To rád slyším. glad
    7 Mám jiné věci na práci. other things
    3 Byl první, kdo to věděl. first
    5 Je toho tady hodně k vidění. a lot
    6 Znám místo, kde se dá skvěle najíst. great place
    10 Promiňte, že vás obtěžuji. bother
    9 Měl štěstí, že našel práci. lucky
    2 Očekávám, že nám pomůžete. expect you

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte výroky s přibližně stejným významem.

    • 1 She was fired.
    • 2 She's got a pay rise.
    • 3 He's jobless.
    • 4 She's looking for a job.
    • 5 He's been promoted.
    • 6 She works for herself.
    • 7 He applied for a job.
    • 8 He quit his job.
    • b She's her own boss.
    • h He's better off now.
    • e He stopped working there.
    • g She lost her job.
    • d She's better paid now.
    • a He's unemployed.
    • c He sent a job application.
    • f She's trying to find employment.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte druhou větu tak, aby měla opačný význam než věta první.

    6 She lost her job. – She a new job.
    3 They hired 5 workers. – They 5 workers.
    1 It's getting better. – It's getting .
    8 My car is repaired. – My car is .
    10 When does the plane land? – When does the plane off?
    2 The keys were lost. – The keys were .
    4 They got married. – They got .
    5 He's jobless. – He's .
    9 Can you take me to the airport? – Can you me up at the airport?
    7 He bought the car last year. – He the car last year.

    Exercise 9

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    • Utvořte věty stejného významu pomocí trpného rodu.

    8 They gave us some money.
    12 Nobody ever found it.
    9 You can eat it.
    14 Our company employed him.
    1 They saw her there.
    13 They hired two employees.
    7 They say that she is beautiful.
    11 Somebody lost the keys.
    5 They made him do it.
    6 He promoted her.
    2 Many workers use it.
    4 Someone told him to do it.
    3 She sent the message.
    10 Rich people buy these cars.

    He is wanted. je česky: Hledá ho policie. (zločince ap.). Help wanted. znamená: Přijmeme výpomoc. (brigádníka ap.).

    Exercise 10

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    • Přečtěte a napište celými slovy anglicky.

    4 1/2
    6 53
    5 32
    11 0.25
    1 2/3
    8 55 + 55 = 110
    12 3,650,500
    3 5/9
    10 27 : 9 = 3
    2 3/4
    7 106
    9 35 - 20 = 15

    Exercise 11

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    • Přeložte změny stavu become, get, go, grow, turn. Využijte nápovědu.

    11 Rozčílil se. angry
    6 Začíná to být těžké. difficult
    2 Na to si zvykneš. used to
    8 To jídlo se zkazí. bad
    9 Dostali jsme hlad. hungry
    14 Začal jsem mít strach. afraid
    16 Brzy se unavila. tired
    12 Zmokneš. wet
    4 Lepšíš se. better
    15 Přestává mě to bavit. tired
    13 Počítač (se) zpomaluje. slow
    1 Stmívá se. dark
    3 Opili se. drunk
    5 Počasí se zhoršilo. worse
    7 Proslavila se. famous
    10 Dostávám žízeň. thirsty

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte vhodné slovo.

    9 It's hard to get along with her. She angry very often.
    10 There was no meeting yesterday. It was called .
    7 John hasn't found a job yet. He is still .
    3 We need more staff. We must new employees.
    5 These jobs are not well . You won't make much money.
    8 He didn't send me the money. He me really angry.
    2 He applied a job, but he wasn't accepted.
    4 He worked a programmer but was fired.
    6 Why did she her job? – Her salary was too low.
    1 What does he do for a ? – He works as a teacher.

    Exercise 13

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    • Řekněte podle nápovědy anglicky, co (si) kdo nechal či dal udělat.

    3 they, room, clean
    6 she, hair, cut
    2 my parents, new house, build
    5 we, food, bring to our room
    4 he, fire her
    8 we, the table, make
    7 he, his jacket, wash
    1 I, car, repair

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte. Kde lze, použijte trpný rod.

    17 Dostal padáka.
    10 V Británii se mluví anglicky.
    2 Pracuji jako účetní.
    11 Vyrábí se tam auta.
    8 Najali 5 pracovníků.
    14 Rezervace byla zrušena.
    6 Byli potrestáni.
    1 Čím se živíte?
    5 Jak se to nazývá anglicky?
    16 Musím si ti nechat opravit.
    15 Prodalo se 1000 aut.
    18 Dvě třetiny z nich dostaly přidáno.
    13 Zvykl jsem si na to.
    3 Dělám sám na sebe.
    4 Byl povýšen.
    9 Ukradli mu auto.
    12 Dostala padáka.
    7 Jak se to dělá?

    Sloveso fire (vyhodit z práce) je běžné, ale spíše hovorové. Znamená též mimo jiné vypálit, vystřelit (ze zbraně ap.). Formální termín pro propustit (z práce) je dismiss dɪsˈmɪs. Např. He was dismissed. - Byl propuštěn.