Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    7 What is meant by that?
    11 He's employed by our company.
    1 What do you do for a living?
    12 They were fired.
    5 He started his own business.
    6 She applied for a job.
    4 He makes a lot of money.
    8 What is it called in English?
    9 The e-mail was sent yesterday.
    3 I'm an employee.
    2 I work for myself.
    10 This word is not used often.

    Už znáte užití koncovky -er - váže se k subjektu, jenž něco činí, např. employer, worker. Podobně funguje u některých sloves koncovka -or např.: translate (přeložit) - translator (překladatel) ap. Všimněte si též koncovky -ee např. u slova employee. Ta se naopak užívá u osoby, která je činnosti podrobena. Např. interviewer (dotazovatel) - interviewee (dotazovaný - u pohovoru ap.).

    Exercise 2

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    4 Less than 50 workers work for the company.
    3 Bob doesn't work for a British company now.
    6 Jack got the job.
    7 I make more money now.
    8 John has already found a job.
    2 Mark works on a computer.
    5 Some workers lost their jobs.
    1 Jane works for herself.

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 The food will go bad.
    • 2 She got fired.
    • 3 I'm getting thirsty.
    • 4 It makes me angry.
    • 5 He got angry.
    • 6 It's not getting better.
    • 7 It's getting cold.
    • 8 He should get used to it.
    • a Ochlazuje se.
    • g Dostala padáka.
    • b Dostávám žízeň.
    • f Naštval se.
    • c Jídlo se zkazí.
    • e Měl by si na to zvyknout.
    • d Nelepší se to.
    • h Štve mě to.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    7 He'll be promoted and get a pay rise/loss/raise.
    6 They were fired last month and they are still employed/jobless/applied.
    11 They needed more workers. They took out/for/on new staff.
    8 I'm very tired. I need to take/get/give some sleep.
    10 Our plane takes on/out/off at 10 a.m.
    1 She works like/as/such as a teacher. She teaches English.
    3 He got the job – Oh really? I'm so nice/glad/fine to hear that.
    9 He gets angry very often. It's hard to get by/along/after with him.
    4 He was often late for work. So he was fired/accepted/employed.
    5 She didn't like her job. She decided to apply/get off/quit.
    2 He applied for a job, but he wasn't taken/received/accepted.

    Nezaměňujte anglické termíny salary, wage a pay. Salary je pravidelný měsíční plat. Wage je mzda (hl. placená od hodiny, týdně ap.). Pay je plat či výplata, tedy vyplácené peníze. Např. pay day je den výplaty ap. Obecný formální termín pro odměnu (či odměňování) za práci je většinou remuneration rɪˌmjuːnəˈreɪʃən.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte správné tvary trpného rodu.

    8 This meat eat cooked.
    9 I don't understand it. The messages write in Chinese.
    2 The house sell last week.
    5 My car has broken down. It needs to repair .
    4 He left his car there and it steal .
    10 Over 20 new workers take on last month.
    1 I don't know its name. What it call ?
    3 We can't go there. We not invite .
    6 The job pay well . You can make a lot of money.
    7 You'll understand. English and French speak there.

    Užitečný obrat s trpným rodem je: be held - konat se (má podobný význam jako nám již známé take place). Např.: A meeting was held. - Konala se schůzka. ap. Hold znamená držet, ale také pořádat či konat. Pozor! Hold je nepravidelné sloveso s tvary: Past tense (PT) - held hεld a Past participle (PP) - held hεld.

    Exercise 6

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    • Řekněte anglicky s použitím částice to. Využijte nápovědu.

    4 To rád slyším. glad
    3 Byl první, kdo to věděl. first
    1 Byla překvapená, že mě vidí. surprised
    6 Znám místo, kde se dá skvěle najíst. great place
    10 Promiňte, že vás obtěžuji. bother
    2 Očekávám, že nám pomůžete. expect you
    8 Předstírala, že neví. pretend, not
    9 Měl štěstí, že našel práci. lucky
    5 Je toho tady hodně k vidění. a lot
    7 Mám jiné věci na práci. other things

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte výroky s přibližně stejným významem.

    • 1 She was fired.
    • 2 She's got a pay rise.
    • 3 He's jobless.
    • 4 She's looking for a job.
    • 5 He's been promoted.
    • 6 She works for herself.
    • 7 He applied for a job.
    • 8 He quit his job.
    • g She lost her job.
    • h He's better off now.
    • c He sent a job application.
    • b She's her own boss.
    • a He's unemployed.
    • e He stopped working there.
    • d She's better paid now.
    • f She's trying to find employment.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte druhou větu tak, aby měla opačný význam než věta první.

    7 He bought the car last year. – He the car last year.
    10 When does the plane land? – When does the plane off?
    8 My car is repaired. – My car is .
    2 The keys were lost. – The keys were .
    3 They hired 5 workers. – They 5 workers.
    9 Can you take me to the airport? – Can you me up at the airport?
    4 They got married. – They got .
    6 She lost her job. – She a new job.
    5 He's jobless. – He's .
    1 It's getting better. – It's getting .

    Exercise 9

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    • Utvořte věty stejného významu pomocí trpného rodu.

    4 Someone told him to do it.
    9 You can eat it.
    14 Our company employed him.
    11 Somebody lost the keys.
    5 They made him do it.
    1 They saw her there.
    7 They say that she is beautiful.
    8 They gave us some money.
    3 She sent the message.
    2 Many workers use it.
    13 They hired two employees.
    12 Nobody ever found it.
    6 He promoted her.
    10 Rich people buy these cars.

    He is wanted. je česky: Hledá ho policie. (zločince ap.). Help wanted. znamená: Přijmeme výpomoc. (brigádníka ap.).

    Exercise 10

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    • Přečtěte a napište celými slovy anglicky.

    12 3,650,500
    9 35 - 20 = 15
    11 0.25
    5 32
    7 106
    3 5/9
    4 1/2
    2 3/4
    6 53
    8 55 + 55 = 110
    1 2/3
    10 27 : 9 = 3

    Exercise 11

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    • Přeložte změny stavu become, get, go, grow, turn. Využijte nápovědu.

    2 Na to si zvykneš. used to
    16 Brzy se unavila. tired
    14 Začal jsem mít strach. afraid
    9 Dostali jsme hlad. hungry
    10 Dostávám žízeň. thirsty
    13 Počítač (se) zpomaluje. slow
    4 Lepšíš se. better
    11 Rozčílil se. angry
    7 Proslavila se. famous
    12 Zmokneš. wet
    1 Stmívá se. dark
    6 Začíná to být těžké. difficult
    3 Opili se. drunk
    15 Přestává mě to bavit. tired
    8 To jídlo se zkazí. bad
    5 Počasí se zhoršilo. worse

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte vhodné slovo.

    9 It's hard to get along with her. She angry very often.
    10 There was no meeting yesterday. It was called .
    7 John hasn't found a job yet. He is still .
    2 He applied a job, but he wasn't accepted.
    6 Why did she her job? – Her salary was too low.
    3 We need more staff. We must new employees.
    1 What does he do for a ? – He works as a teacher.
    8 He didn't send me the money. He me really angry.
    5 These jobs are not well . You won't make much money.
    4 He worked a programmer but was fired.

    Exercise 13

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    • Řekněte podle nápovědy anglicky, co (si) kdo nechal či dal udělat.

    6 she, hair, cut
    7 he, his jacket, wash
    5 we, food, bring to our room
    4 he, fire her
    8 we, the table, make
    2 my parents, new house, build
    3 they, room, clean
    1 I, car, repair

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte. Kde lze, použijte trpný rod.

    9 Ukradli mu auto.
    14 Rezervace byla zrušena.
    18 Dvě třetiny z nich dostaly přidáno.
    6 Byli potrestáni.
    13 Zvykl jsem si na to.
    8 Najali 5 pracovníků.
    1 Čím se živíte?
    7 Jak se to dělá?
    2 Pracuji jako účetní.
    10 V Británii se mluví anglicky.
    4 Byl povýšen.
    5 Jak se to nazývá anglicky?
    16 Musím si ti nechat opravit.
    12 Dostala padáka.
    3 Dělám sám na sebe.
    11 Vyrábí se tam auta.
    17 Dostal padáka.
    15 Prodalo se 1000 aut.

    Sloveso fire (vyhodit z práce) je běžné, ale spíše hovorové. Znamená též mimo jiné vypálit, vystřelit (ze zbraně ap.). Formální termín pro propustit (z práce) je dismiss dɪsˈmɪs. Např. He was dismissed. - Byl propuštěn.