Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    9 The e-mail was sent yesterday.
    8 What is it called in English?
    12 They were fired.
    7 What is meant by that?
    3 I'm an employee.
    1 What do you do for a living?
    5 He started his own business.
    6 She applied for a job.
    11 He's employed by our company.
    4 He makes a lot of money.
    2 I work for myself.
    10 This word is not used often.

    Už znáte užití koncovky -er - váže se k subjektu, jenž něco činí, např. employer, worker. Podobně funguje u některých sloves koncovka -or např.: translate (přeložit) - translator (překladatel) ap. Všimněte si též koncovky -ee např. u slova employee. Ta se naopak užívá u osoby, která je činnosti podrobena. Např. interviewer (dotazovatel) - interviewee (dotazovaný - u pohovoru ap.).

    Exercise 2

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    6 Jack got the job.
    8 John has already found a job.
    2 Mark works on a computer.
    7 I make more money now.
    4 Less than 50 workers work for the company.
    5 Some workers lost their jobs.
    1 Jane works for herself.
    3 Bob doesn't work for a British company now.

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 The food will go bad.
    • 2 She got fired.
    • 3 I'm getting thirsty.
    • 4 It makes me angry.
    • 5 He got angry.
    • 6 It's not getting better.
    • 7 It's getting cold.
    • 8 He should get used to it.
    • c Jídlo se zkazí.
    • e Měl by si na to zvyknout.
    • h Štve mě to.
    • g Dostala padáka.
    • b Dostávám žízeň.
    • d Nelepší se to.
    • a Ochlazuje se.
    • f Naštval se.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    1 She works like/as/such as a teacher. She teaches English.
    11 They needed more workers. They took out/for/on new staff.
    6 They were fired last month and they are still employed/jobless/applied.
    3 He got the job – Oh really? I'm so nice/glad/fine to hear that.
    5 She didn't like her job. She decided to apply/get off/quit.
    7 He'll be promoted and get a pay rise/loss/raise.
    8 I'm very tired. I need to take/get/give some sleep.
    10 Our plane takes on/out/off at 10 a.m.
    9 He gets angry very often. It's hard to get by/along/after with him.
    4 He was often late for work. So he was fired/accepted/employed.
    2 He applied for a job, but he wasn't taken/received/accepted.

    Nezaměňujte anglické termíny salary, wage a pay. Salary je pravidelný měsíční plat. Wage je mzda (hl. placená od hodiny, týdně ap.). Pay je plat či výplata, tedy vyplácené peníze. Např. pay day je den výplaty ap. Obecný formální termín pro odměnu (či odměňování) za práci je většinou remuneration rɪˌmjuːnəˈreɪʃən.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte správné tvary trpného rodu.

    7 You'll understand. English and French speak there.
    10 Over 20 new workers take on last month.
    5 My car has broken down. It needs to repair .
    9 I don't understand it. The messages write in Chinese.
    4 He left his car there and it steal .
    8 This meat eat cooked.
    6 The job pay well . You can make a lot of money.
    3 We can't go there. We not invite .
    1 I don't know its name. What it call ?
    2 The house sell last week.

    Užitečný obrat s trpným rodem je: be held - konat se (má podobný význam jako nám již známé take place). Např.: A meeting was held. - Konala se schůzka. ap. Hold znamená držet, ale také pořádat či konat. Pozor! Hold je nepravidelné sloveso s tvary: Past tense (PT) - held hεld a Past participle (PP) - held hεld.

    Exercise 6

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    • Řekněte anglicky s použitím částice to. Využijte nápovědu.

    3 Byl první, kdo to věděl. first
    10 Promiňte, že vás obtěžuji. bother
    9 Měl štěstí, že našel práci. lucky
    4 To rád slyším. glad
    6 Znám místo, kde se dá skvěle najíst. great place
    7 Mám jiné věci na práci. other things
    5 Je toho tady hodně k vidění. a lot
    2 Očekávám, že nám pomůžete. expect you
    8 Předstírala, že neví. pretend, not
    1 Byla překvapená, že mě vidí. surprised

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte výroky s přibližně stejným významem.

    • 1 She was fired.
    • 2 She's got a pay rise.
    • 3 He's jobless.
    • 4 She's looking for a job.
    • 5 He's been promoted.
    • 6 She works for herself.
    • 7 He applied for a job.
    • 8 He quit his job.
    • c He sent a job application.
    • a He's unemployed.
    • f She's trying to find employment.
    • b She's her own boss.
    • e He stopped working there.
    • h He's better off now.
    • d She's better paid now.
    • g She lost her job.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte druhou větu tak, aby měla opačný význam než věta první.

    1 It's getting better. – It's getting .
    6 She lost her job. – She a new job.
    8 My car is repaired. – My car is .
    2 The keys were lost. – The keys were .
    4 They got married. – They got .
    3 They hired 5 workers. – They 5 workers.
    10 When does the plane land? – When does the plane off?
    9 Can you take me to the airport? – Can you me up at the airport?
    7 He bought the car last year. – He the car last year.
    5 He's jobless. – He's .

    Exercise 9

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    • Utvořte věty stejného významu pomocí trpného rodu.

    9 You can eat it.
    7 They say that she is beautiful.
    13 They hired two employees.
    12 Nobody ever found it.
    8 They gave us some money.
    14 Our company employed him.
    3 She sent the message.
    4 Someone told him to do it.
    1 They saw her there.
    11 Somebody lost the keys.
    2 Many workers use it.
    5 They made him do it.
    10 Rich people buy these cars.
    6 He promoted her.

    He is wanted. je česky: Hledá ho policie. (zločince ap.). Help wanted. znamená: Přijmeme výpomoc. (brigádníka ap.).

    Exercise 10

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    • Přečtěte a napište celými slovy anglicky.

    5 32
    9 35 - 20 = 15
    11 0.25
    1 2/3
    6 53
    7 106
    8 55 + 55 = 110
    2 3/4
    10 27 : 9 = 3
    4 1/2
    12 3,650,500
    3 5/9

    Exercise 11

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    • Přeložte změny stavu become, get, go, grow, turn. Využijte nápovědu.

    15 Přestává mě to bavit. tired
    1 Stmívá se. dark
    11 Rozčílil se. angry
    6 Začíná to být těžké. difficult
    14 Začal jsem mít strach. afraid
    7 Proslavila se. famous
    13 Počítač (se) zpomaluje. slow
    10 Dostávám žízeň. thirsty
    9 Dostali jsme hlad. hungry
    8 To jídlo se zkazí. bad
    4 Lepšíš se. better
    3 Opili se. drunk
    5 Počasí se zhoršilo. worse
    16 Brzy se unavila. tired
    12 Zmokneš. wet
    2 Na to si zvykneš. used to

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte vhodné slovo.

    2 He applied a job, but he wasn't accepted.
    3 We need more staff. We must new employees.
    10 There was no meeting yesterday. It was called .
    5 These jobs are not well . You won't make much money.
    7 John hasn't found a job yet. He is still .
    6 Why did she her job? – Her salary was too low.
    4 He worked a programmer but was fired.
    9 It's hard to get along with her. She angry very often.
    8 He didn't send me the money. He me really angry.
    1 What does he do for a ? – He works as a teacher.

    Exercise 13

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    • Řekněte podle nápovědy anglicky, co (si) kdo nechal či dal udělat.

    6 she, hair, cut
    2 my parents, new house, build
    3 they, room, clean
    1 I, car, repair
    8 we, the table, make
    4 he, fire her
    5 we, food, bring to our room
    7 he, his jacket, wash

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte. Kde lze, použijte trpný rod.

    5 Jak se to nazývá anglicky?
    18 Dvě třetiny z nich dostaly přidáno.
    2 Pracuji jako účetní.
    13 Zvykl jsem si na to.
    17 Dostal padáka.
    1 Čím se živíte?
    4 Byl povýšen.
    6 Byli potrestáni.
    10 V Británii se mluví anglicky.
    9 Ukradli mu auto.
    3 Dělám sám na sebe.
    7 Jak se to dělá?
    11 Vyrábí se tam auta.
    12 Dostala padáka.
    15 Prodalo se 1000 aut.
    8 Najali 5 pracovníků.
    16 Musím si ti nechat opravit.
    14 Rezervace byla zrušena.

    Sloveso fire (vyhodit z práce) je běžné, ale spíše hovorové. Znamená též mimo jiné vypálit, vystřelit (ze zbraně ap.). Formální termín pro propustit (z práce) je dismiss dɪsˈmɪs. Např. He was dismissed. - Byl propuštěn.