Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    8 What is it called in English?
    1 What do you do for a living?
    11 He's employed by our company.
    9 The e-mail was sent yesterday.
    6 She applied for a job.
    5 He started his own business.
    12 They were fired.
    7 What is meant by that?
    2 I work for myself.
    4 He makes a lot of money.
    3 I'm an employee.
    10 This word is not used often.

    Už znáte užití koncovky -er - váže se k subjektu, jenž něco činí, např. employer, worker. Podobně funguje u některých sloves koncovka -or např.: translate (přeložit) - translator (překladatel) ap. Všimněte si též koncovky -ee např. u slova employee. Ta se naopak užívá u osoby, která je činnosti podrobena. Např. interviewer (dotazovatel) - interviewee (dotazovaný - u pohovoru ap.).

    Exercise 2

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    4 Less than 50 workers work for the company.
    1 Jane works for herself.
    8 John has already found a job.
    2 Mark works on a computer.
    3 Bob doesn't work for a British company now.
    5 Some workers lost their jobs.
    7 I make more money now.
    6 Jack got the job.

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 The food will go bad.
    • 2 She got fired.
    • 3 I'm getting thirsty.
    • 4 It makes me angry.
    • 5 He got angry.
    • 6 It's not getting better.
    • 7 It's getting cold.
    • 8 He should get used to it.
    • c Jídlo se zkazí.
    • d Nelepší se to.
    • b Dostávám žízeň.
    • a Ochlazuje se.
    • g Dostala padáka.
    • h Štve mě to.
    • e Měl by si na to zvyknout.
    • f Naštval se.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    2 He applied for a job, but he wasn't taken/received/accepted.
    5 She didn't like her job. She decided to apply/get off/quit.
    3 He got the job – Oh really? I'm so nice/glad/fine to hear that.
    7 He'll be promoted and get a pay rise/loss/raise.
    10 Our plane takes on/out/off at 10 a.m.
    6 They were fired last month and they are still employed/jobless/applied.
    9 He gets angry very often. It's hard to get by/along/after with him.
    11 They needed more workers. They took out/for/on new staff.
    4 He was often late for work. So he was fired/accepted/employed.
    8 I'm very tired. I need to take/get/give some sleep.
    1 She works like/as/such as a teacher. She teaches English.

    Nezaměňujte anglické termíny salary, wage a pay. Salary je pravidelný měsíční plat. Wage je mzda (hl. placená od hodiny, týdně ap.). Pay je plat či výplata, tedy vyplácené peníze. Např. pay day je den výplaty ap. Obecný formální termín pro odměnu (či odměňování) za práci je většinou remuneration rɪˌmjuːnəˈreɪʃən.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte správné tvary trpného rodu.

    3 We can't go there. We not invite .
    8 This meat eat cooked.
    4 He left his car there and it steal .
    7 You'll understand. English and French speak there.
    2 The house sell last week.
    6 The job pay well . You can make a lot of money.
    10 Over 20 new workers take on last month.
    1 I don't know its name. What it call ?
    9 I don't understand it. The messages write in Chinese.
    5 My car has broken down. It needs to repair .

    Užitečný obrat s trpným rodem je: be held - konat se (má podobný význam jako nám již známé take place). Např.: A meeting was held. - Konala se schůzka. ap. Hold znamená držet, ale také pořádat či konat. Pozor! Hold je nepravidelné sloveso s tvary: Past tense (PT) - held hεld a Past participle (PP) - held hεld.

    Exercise 6

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    • Řekněte anglicky s použitím částice to. Využijte nápovědu.

    5 Je toho tady hodně k vidění. a lot
    10 Promiňte, že vás obtěžuji. bother
    8 Předstírala, že neví. pretend, not
    4 To rád slyším. glad
    7 Mám jiné věci na práci. other things
    6 Znám místo, kde se dá skvěle najíst. great place
    3 Byl první, kdo to věděl. first
    1 Byla překvapená, že mě vidí. surprised
    2 Očekávám, že nám pomůžete. expect you
    9 Měl štěstí, že našel práci. lucky

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte výroky s přibližně stejným významem.

    • 1 She was fired.
    • 2 She's got a pay rise.
    • 3 He's jobless.
    • 4 She's looking for a job.
    • 5 He's been promoted.
    • 6 She works for herself.
    • 7 He applied for a job.
    • 8 He quit his job.
    • g She lost her job.
    • h He's better off now.
    • f She's trying to find employment.
    • a He's unemployed.
    • d She's better paid now.
    • c He sent a job application.
    • b She's her own boss.
    • e He stopped working there.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte druhou větu tak, aby měla opačný význam než věta první.

    8 My car is repaired. – My car is .
    1 It's getting better. – It's getting .
    2 The keys were lost. – The keys were .
    3 They hired 5 workers. – They 5 workers.
    6 She lost her job. – She a new job.
    9 Can you take me to the airport? – Can you me up at the airport?
    5 He's jobless. – He's .
    10 When does the plane land? – When does the plane off?
    4 They got married. – They got .
    7 He bought the car last year. – He the car last year.

    Exercise 9

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    • Utvořte věty stejného významu pomocí trpného rodu.

    3 She sent the message.
    10 Rich people buy these cars.
    5 They made him do it.
    14 Our company employed him.
    8 They gave us some money.
    6 He promoted her.
    4 Someone told him to do it.
    12 Nobody ever found it.
    1 They saw her there.
    13 They hired two employees.
    7 They say that she is beautiful.
    9 You can eat it.
    2 Many workers use it.
    11 Somebody lost the keys.

    He is wanted. je česky: Hledá ho policie. (zločince ap.). Help wanted. znamená: Přijmeme výpomoc. (brigádníka ap.).

    Exercise 10

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    • Přečtěte a napište celými slovy anglicky.

    6 53
    5 32
    4 1/2
    1 2/3
    2 3/4
    8 55 + 55 = 110
    3 5/9
    9 35 - 20 = 15
    10 27 : 9 = 3
    11 0.25
    7 106
    12 3,650,500

    Exercise 11

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    • Přeložte změny stavu become, get, go, grow, turn. Využijte nápovědu.

    11 Rozčílil se. angry
    14 Začal jsem mít strach. afraid
    4 Lepšíš se. better
    8 To jídlo se zkazí. bad
    6 Začíná to být těžké. difficult
    1 Stmívá se. dark
    3 Opili se. drunk
    16 Brzy se unavila. tired
    5 Počasí se zhoršilo. worse
    9 Dostali jsme hlad. hungry
    15 Přestává mě to bavit. tired
    7 Proslavila se. famous
    12 Zmokneš. wet
    2 Na to si zvykneš. used to
    10 Dostávám žízeň. thirsty
    13 Počítač (se) zpomaluje. slow

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte vhodné slovo.

    7 John hasn't found a job yet. He is still .
    3 We need more staff. We must new employees.
    1 What does he do for a ? – He works as a teacher.
    10 There was no meeting yesterday. It was called .
    4 He worked a programmer but was fired.
    6 Why did she her job? – Her salary was too low.
    5 These jobs are not well . You won't make much money.
    2 He applied a job, but he wasn't accepted.
    9 It's hard to get along with her. She angry very often.
    8 He didn't send me the money. He me really angry.

    Exercise 13

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    • Řekněte podle nápovědy anglicky, co (si) kdo nechal či dal udělat.

    4 he, fire her
    8 we, the table, make
    5 we, food, bring to our room
    7 he, his jacket, wash
    2 my parents, new house, build
    6 she, hair, cut
    3 they, room, clean
    1 I, car, repair

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte. Kde lze, použijte trpný rod.

    13 Zvykl jsem si na to.
    18 Dvě třetiny z nich dostaly přidáno.
    2 Pracuji jako účetní.
    11 Vyrábí se tam auta.
    16 Musím si ti nechat opravit.
    4 Byl povýšen.
    9 Ukradli mu auto.
    7 Jak se to dělá?
    10 V Británii se mluví anglicky.
    5 Jak se to nazývá anglicky?
    8 Najali 5 pracovníků.
    6 Byli potrestáni.
    15 Prodalo se 1000 aut.
    14 Rezervace byla zrušena.
    12 Dostala padáka.
    1 Čím se živíte?
    3 Dělám sám na sebe.
    17 Dostal padáka.

    Sloveso fire (vyhodit z práce) je běžné, ale spíše hovorové. Znamená též mimo jiné vypálit, vystřelit (ze zbraně ap.). Formální termín pro propustit (z práce) je dismiss dɪsˈmɪs. Např. He was dismissed. - Byl propuštěn.