Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    5 He started his own business.
    1 What do you do for a living?
    11 He's employed by our company.
    2 I work for myself.
    8 What is it called in English?
    7 What is meant by that?
    4 He makes a lot of money.
    3 I'm an employee.
    12 They were fired.
    10 This word is not used often.
    9 The e-mail was sent yesterday.
    6 She applied for a job.

    Už znáte užití koncovky -er - váže se k subjektu, jenž něco činí, např. employer, worker. Podobně funguje u některých sloves koncovka -or např.: translate (přeložit) - translator (překladatel) ap. Všimněte si též koncovky -ee např. u slova employee. Ta se naopak užívá u osoby, která je činnosti podrobena. Např. interviewer (dotazovatel) - interviewee (dotazovaný - u pohovoru ap.).

    Exercise 2

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    7 I make more money now.
    1 Jane works for herself.
    5 Some workers lost their jobs.
    2 Mark works on a computer.
    3 Bob doesn't work for a British company now.
    6 Jack got the job.
    4 Less than 50 workers work for the company.
    8 John has already found a job.

    Exercise 3

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  • 647

    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 The food will go bad.
    • 2 She got fired.
    • 3 I'm getting thirsty.
    • 4 It makes me angry.
    • 5 He got angry.
    • 6 It's not getting better.
    • 7 It's getting cold.
    • 8 He should get used to it.
    • g Dostala padáka.
    • a Ochlazuje se.
    • c Jídlo se zkazí.
    • d Nelepší se to.
    • b Dostávám žízeň.
    • e Měl by si na to zvyknout.
    • f Naštval se.
    • h Štve mě to.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    5 She didn't like her job. She decided to apply/get off/quit.
    8 I'm very tired. I need to take/get/give some sleep.
    7 He'll be promoted and get a pay rise/loss/raise.
    11 They needed more workers. They took out/for/on new staff.
    3 He got the job – Oh really? I'm so nice/glad/fine to hear that.
    2 He applied for a job, but he wasn't taken/received/accepted.
    6 They were fired last month and they are still employed/jobless/applied.
    1 She works like/as/such as a teacher. She teaches English.
    10 Our plane takes on/out/off at 10 a.m.
    4 He was often late for work. So he was fired/accepted/employed.
    9 He gets angry very often. It's hard to get by/along/after with him.

    Nezaměňujte anglické termíny salary, wage a pay. Salary je pravidelný měsíční plat. Wage je mzda (hl. placená od hodiny, týdně ap.). Pay je plat či výplata, tedy vyplácené peníze. Např. pay day je den výplaty ap. Obecný formální termín pro odměnu (či odměňování) za práci je většinou remuneration rɪˌmjuːnəˈreɪʃən.

    Exercise 5

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  • 650

    • Doplňte správné tvary trpného rodu.

    10 Over 20 new workers take on last month.
    7 You'll understand. English and French speak there.
    9 I don't understand it. The messages write in Chinese.
    2 The house sell last week.
    8 This meat eat cooked.
    4 He left his car there and it steal .
    5 My car has broken down. It needs to repair .
    6 The job pay well . You can make a lot of money.
    1 I don't know its name. What it call ?
    3 We can't go there. We not invite .

    Užitečný obrat s trpným rodem je: be held - konat se (má podobný význam jako nám již známé take place). Např.: A meeting was held. - Konala se schůzka. ap. Hold znamená držet, ale také pořádat či konat. Pozor! Hold je nepravidelné sloveso s tvary: Past tense (PT) - held hεld a Past participle (PP) - held hεld.

    Exercise 6

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    • Řekněte anglicky s použitím částice to. Využijte nápovědu.

    1 Byla překvapená, že mě vidí. surprised
    7 Mám jiné věci na práci. other things
    2 Očekávám, že nám pomůžete. expect you
    8 Předstírala, že neví. pretend, not
    5 Je toho tady hodně k vidění. a lot
    6 Znám místo, kde se dá skvěle najíst. great place
    4 To rád slyším. glad
    3 Byl první, kdo to věděl. first
    9 Měl štěstí, že našel práci. lucky
    10 Promiňte, že vás obtěžuji. bother

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte výroky s přibližně stejným významem.

    • 1 She was fired.
    • 2 She's got a pay rise.
    • 3 He's jobless.
    • 4 She's looking for a job.
    • 5 He's been promoted.
    • 6 She works for herself.
    • 7 He applied for a job.
    • 8 He quit his job.
    • g She lost her job.
    • d She's better paid now.
    • c He sent a job application.
    • f She's trying to find employment.
    • a He's unemployed.
    • b She's her own boss.
    • e He stopped working there.
    • h He's better off now.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte druhou větu tak, aby měla opačný význam než věta první.

    4 They got married. – They got .
    7 He bought the car last year. – He the car last year.
    3 They hired 5 workers. – They 5 workers.
    5 He's jobless. – He's .
    8 My car is repaired. – My car is .
    10 When does the plane land? – When does the plane off?
    6 She lost her job. – She a new job.
    9 Can you take me to the airport? – Can you me up at the airport?
    2 The keys were lost. – The keys were .
    1 It's getting better. – It's getting .

    Exercise 9

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    • Utvořte věty stejného významu pomocí trpného rodu.

    9 You can eat it.
    4 Someone told him to do it.
    11 Somebody lost the keys.
    1 They saw her there.
    13 They hired two employees.
    3 She sent the message.
    12 Nobody ever found it.
    14 Our company employed him.
    6 He promoted her.
    8 They gave us some money.
    5 They made him do it.
    7 They say that she is beautiful.
    2 Many workers use it.
    10 Rich people buy these cars.

    He is wanted. je česky: Hledá ho policie. (zločince ap.). Help wanted. znamená: Přijmeme výpomoc. (brigádníka ap.).

    Exercise 10

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    • Přečtěte a napište celými slovy anglicky.

    12 3,650,500
    1 2/3
    3 5/9
    6 53
    10 27 : 9 = 3
    4 1/2
    2 3/4
    7 106
    9 35 - 20 = 15
    11 0.25
    8 55 + 55 = 110
    5 32

    Exercise 11

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  • 658

    • Přeložte změny stavu become, get, go, grow, turn. Využijte nápovědu.

    8 To jídlo se zkazí. bad
    15 Přestává mě to bavit. tired
    13 Počítač (se) zpomaluje. slow
    9 Dostali jsme hlad. hungry
    6 Začíná to být těžké. difficult
    14 Začal jsem mít strach. afraid
    5 Počasí se zhoršilo. worse
    10 Dostávám žízeň. thirsty
    12 Zmokneš. wet
    4 Lepšíš se. better
    7 Proslavila se. famous
    16 Brzy se unavila. tired
    3 Opili se. drunk
    1 Stmívá se. dark
    2 Na to si zvykneš. used to
    11 Rozčílil se. angry

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte vhodné slovo.

    6 Why did she her job? – Her salary was too low.
    8 He didn't send me the money. He me really angry.
    9 It's hard to get along with her. She angry very often.
    2 He applied a job, but he wasn't accepted.
    5 These jobs are not well . You won't make much money.
    7 John hasn't found a job yet. He is still .
    1 What does he do for a ? – He works as a teacher.
    4 He worked a programmer but was fired.
    3 We need more staff. We must new employees.
    10 There was no meeting yesterday. It was called .

    Exercise 13

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    • Řekněte podle nápovědy anglicky, co (si) kdo nechal či dal udělat.

    3 they, room, clean
    8 we, the table, make
    2 my parents, new house, build
    7 he, his jacket, wash
    1 I, car, repair
    6 she, hair, cut
    4 he, fire her
    5 we, food, bring to our room

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte. Kde lze, použijte trpný rod.

    16 Musím si ti nechat opravit.
    10 V Británii se mluví anglicky.
    13 Zvykl jsem si na to.
    14 Rezervace byla zrušena.
    18 Dvě třetiny z nich dostaly přidáno.
    2 Pracuji jako účetní.
    12 Dostala padáka.
    9 Ukradli mu auto.
    7 Jak se to dělá?
    4 Byl povýšen.
    3 Dělám sám na sebe.
    11 Vyrábí se tam auta.
    15 Prodalo se 1000 aut.
    5 Jak se to nazývá anglicky?
    8 Najali 5 pracovníků.
    17 Dostal padáka.
    6 Byli potrestáni.
    1 Čím se živíte?

    Sloveso fire (vyhodit z práce) je běžné, ale spíše hovorové. Znamená též mimo jiné vypálit, vystřelit (ze zbraně ap.). Formální termín pro propustit (z práce) je dismiss dɪsˈmɪs. Např. He was dismissed. - Byl propuštěn.