Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    1 What do you do for a living?
    11 He's employed by our company.
    10 This word is not used often.
    8 What is it called in English?
    2 I work for myself.
    3 I'm an employee.
    6 She applied for a job.
    5 He started his own business.
    9 The e-mail was sent yesterday.
    7 What is meant by that?
    12 They were fired.
    4 He makes a lot of money.

    Už znáte užití koncovky -er - váže se k subjektu, jenž něco činí, např. employer, worker. Podobně funguje u některých sloves koncovka -or např.: translate (přeložit) - translator (překladatel) ap. Všimněte si též koncovky -ee např. u slova employee. Ta se naopak užívá u osoby, která je činnosti podrobena. Např. interviewer (dotazovatel) - interviewee (dotazovaný - u pohovoru ap.).

    Exercise 2

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    5 Some workers lost their jobs.
    4 Less than 50 workers work for the company.
    1 Jane works for herself.
    6 Jack got the job.
    3 Bob doesn't work for a British company now.
    8 John has already found a job.
    2 Mark works on a computer.
    7 I make more money now.

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 The food will go bad.
    • 2 She got fired.
    • 3 I'm getting thirsty.
    • 4 It makes me angry.
    • 5 He got angry.
    • 6 It's not getting better.
    • 7 It's getting cold.
    • 8 He should get used to it.
    • e Měl by si na to zvyknout.
    • f Naštval se.
    • h Štve mě to.
    • g Dostala padáka.
    • c Jídlo se zkazí.
    • a Ochlazuje se.
    • b Dostávám žízeň.
    • d Nelepší se to.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    6 They were fired last month and they are still employed/jobless/applied.
    2 He applied for a job, but he wasn't taken/received/accepted.
    9 He gets angry very often. It's hard to get by/along/after with him.
    7 He'll be promoted and get a pay rise/loss/raise.
    3 He got the job – Oh really? I'm so nice/glad/fine to hear that.
    5 She didn't like her job. She decided to apply/get off/quit.
    4 He was often late for work. So he was fired/accepted/employed.
    11 They needed more workers. They took out/for/on new staff.
    8 I'm very tired. I need to take/get/give some sleep.
    10 Our plane takes on/out/off at 10 a.m.
    1 She works like/as/such as a teacher. She teaches English.

    Nezaměňujte anglické termíny salary, wage a pay. Salary je pravidelný měsíční plat. Wage je mzda (hl. placená od hodiny, týdně ap.). Pay je plat či výplata, tedy vyplácené peníze. Např. pay day je den výplaty ap. Obecný formální termín pro odměnu (či odměňování) za práci je většinou remuneration rɪˌmjuːnəˈreɪʃən.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte správné tvary trpného rodu.

    10 Over 20 new workers take on last month.
    6 The job pay well . You can make a lot of money.
    3 We can't go there. We not invite .
    4 He left his car there and it steal .
    8 This meat eat cooked.
    5 My car has broken down. It needs to repair .
    9 I don't understand it. The messages write in Chinese.
    2 The house sell last week.
    7 You'll understand. English and French speak there.
    1 I don't know its name. What it call ?

    Užitečný obrat s trpným rodem je: be held - konat se (má podobný význam jako nám již známé take place). Např.: A meeting was held. - Konala se schůzka. ap. Hold znamená držet, ale také pořádat či konat. Pozor! Hold je nepravidelné sloveso s tvary: Past tense (PT) - held hεld a Past participle (PP) - held hεld.

    Exercise 6

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    • Řekněte anglicky s použitím částice to. Využijte nápovědu.

    8 Předstírala, že neví. pretend, not
    6 Znám místo, kde se dá skvěle najíst. great place
    3 Byl první, kdo to věděl. first
    7 Mám jiné věci na práci. other things
    9 Měl štěstí, že našel práci. lucky
    2 Očekávám, že nám pomůžete. expect you
    5 Je toho tady hodně k vidění. a lot
    1 Byla překvapená, že mě vidí. surprised
    4 To rád slyším. glad
    10 Promiňte, že vás obtěžuji. bother

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte výroky s přibližně stejným významem.

    • 1 She was fired.
    • 2 She's got a pay rise.
    • 3 He's jobless.
    • 4 She's looking for a job.
    • 5 He's been promoted.
    • 6 She works for herself.
    • 7 He applied for a job.
    • 8 He quit his job.
    • f She's trying to find employment.
    • b She's her own boss.
    • h He's better off now.
    • e He stopped working there.
    • c He sent a job application.
    • a He's unemployed.
    • d She's better paid now.
    • g She lost her job.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte druhou větu tak, aby měla opačný význam než věta první.

    6 She lost her job. – She a new job.
    2 The keys were lost. – The keys were .
    7 He bought the car last year. – He the car last year.
    8 My car is repaired. – My car is .
    10 When does the plane land? – When does the plane off?
    1 It's getting better. – It's getting .
    4 They got married. – They got .
    9 Can you take me to the airport? – Can you me up at the airport?
    3 They hired 5 workers. – They 5 workers.
    5 He's jobless. – He's .

    Exercise 9

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    • Utvořte věty stejného významu pomocí trpného rodu.

    10 Rich people buy these cars.
    3 She sent the message.
    5 They made him do it.
    6 He promoted her.
    7 They say that she is beautiful.
    1 They saw her there.
    12 Nobody ever found it.
    13 They hired two employees.
    4 Someone told him to do it.
    2 Many workers use it.
    9 You can eat it.
    8 They gave us some money.
    11 Somebody lost the keys.
    14 Our company employed him.

    He is wanted. je česky: Hledá ho policie. (zločince ap.). Help wanted. znamená: Přijmeme výpomoc. (brigádníka ap.).

    Exercise 10

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    • Přečtěte a napište celými slovy anglicky.

    3 5/9
    4 1/2
    8 55 + 55 = 110
    5 32
    1 2/3
    2 3/4
    7 106
    12 3,650,500
    10 27 : 9 = 3
    11 0.25
    9 35 - 20 = 15
    6 53

    Exercise 11

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    • Přeložte změny stavu become, get, go, grow, turn. Využijte nápovědu.

    8 To jídlo se zkazí. bad
    1 Stmívá se. dark
    4 Lepšíš se. better
    9 Dostali jsme hlad. hungry
    2 Na to si zvykneš. used to
    3 Opili se. drunk
    10 Dostávám žízeň. thirsty
    16 Brzy se unavila. tired
    7 Proslavila se. famous
    6 Začíná to být těžké. difficult
    15 Přestává mě to bavit. tired
    13 Počítač (se) zpomaluje. slow
    12 Zmokneš. wet
    5 Počasí se zhoršilo. worse
    11 Rozčílil se. angry
    14 Začal jsem mít strach. afraid

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte vhodné slovo.

    3 We need more staff. We must new employees.
    10 There was no meeting yesterday. It was called .
    9 It's hard to get along with her. She angry very often.
    8 He didn't send me the money. He me really angry.
    7 John hasn't found a job yet. He is still .
    5 These jobs are not well . You won't make much money.
    4 He worked a programmer but was fired.
    2 He applied a job, but he wasn't accepted.
    6 Why did she her job? – Her salary was too low.
    1 What does he do for a ? – He works as a teacher.

    Exercise 13

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    • Řekněte podle nápovědy anglicky, co (si) kdo nechal či dal udělat.

    2 my parents, new house, build
    4 he, fire her
    8 we, the table, make
    6 she, hair, cut
    1 I, car, repair
    7 he, his jacket, wash
    5 we, food, bring to our room
    3 they, room, clean

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte. Kde lze, použijte trpný rod.

    16 Musím si ti nechat opravit.
    15 Prodalo se 1000 aut.
    14 Rezervace byla zrušena.
    6 Byli potrestáni.
    5 Jak se to nazývá anglicky?
    18 Dvě třetiny z nich dostaly přidáno.
    9 Ukradli mu auto.
    7 Jak se to dělá?
    10 V Británii se mluví anglicky.
    1 Čím se živíte?
    12 Dostala padáka.
    4 Byl povýšen.
    2 Pracuji jako účetní.
    8 Najali 5 pracovníků.
    3 Dělám sám na sebe.
    13 Zvykl jsem si na to.
    17 Dostal padáka.
    11 Vyrábí se tam auta.

    Sloveso fire (vyhodit z práce) je běžné, ale spíše hovorové. Znamená též mimo jiné vypálit, vystřelit (ze zbraně ap.). Formální termín pro propustit (z práce) je dismiss dɪsˈmɪs. Např. He was dismissed. - Byl propuštěn.