Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    4 He makes a lot of money.
    5 He started his own business.
    6 She applied for a job.
    11 He's employed by our company.
    9 The e-mail was sent yesterday.
    8 What is it called in English?
    2 I work for myself.
    10 This word is not used often.
    7 What is meant by that?
    12 They were fired.
    1 What do you do for a living?
    3 I'm an employee.

    Už znáte užití koncovky -er - váže se k subjektu, jenž něco činí, např. employer, worker. Podobně funguje u některých sloves koncovka -or např.: translate (přeložit) - translator (překladatel) ap. Všimněte si též koncovky -ee např. u slova employee. Ta se naopak užívá u osoby, která je činnosti podrobena. Např. interviewer (dotazovatel) - interviewee (dotazovaný - u pohovoru ap.).

    Exercise 2

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    4 Less than 50 workers work for the company.
    1 Jane works for herself.
    3 Bob doesn't work for a British company now.
    6 Jack got the job.
    7 I make more money now.
    5 Some workers lost their jobs.
    2 Mark works on a computer.
    8 John has already found a job.

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 The food will go bad.
    • 2 She got fired.
    • 3 I'm getting thirsty.
    • 4 It makes me angry.
    • 5 He got angry.
    • 6 It's not getting better.
    • 7 It's getting cold.
    • 8 He should get used to it.
    • g Dostala padáka.
    • a Ochlazuje se.
    • c Jídlo se zkazí.
    • b Dostávám žízeň.
    • f Naštval se.
    • h Štve mě to.
    • e Měl by si na to zvyknout.
    • d Nelepší se to.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    6 They were fired last month and they are still employed/jobless/applied.
    10 Our plane takes on/out/off at 10 a.m.
    9 He gets angry very often. It's hard to get by/along/after with him.
    8 I'm very tired. I need to take/get/give some sleep.
    1 She works like/as/such as a teacher. She teaches English.
    5 She didn't like her job. She decided to apply/get off/quit.
    7 He'll be promoted and get a pay rise/loss/raise.
    4 He was often late for work. So he was fired/accepted/employed.
    11 They needed more workers. They took out/for/on new staff.
    3 He got the job – Oh really? I'm so nice/glad/fine to hear that.
    2 He applied for a job, but he wasn't taken/received/accepted.

    Nezaměňujte anglické termíny salary, wage a pay. Salary je pravidelný měsíční plat. Wage je mzda (hl. placená od hodiny, týdně ap.). Pay je plat či výplata, tedy vyplácené peníze. Např. pay day je den výplaty ap. Obecný formální termín pro odměnu (či odměňování) za práci je většinou remuneration rɪˌmjuːnəˈreɪʃən.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte správné tvary trpného rodu.

    6 The job pay well . You can make a lot of money.
    3 We can't go there. We not invite .
    4 He left his car there and it steal .
    2 The house sell last week.
    5 My car has broken down. It needs to repair .
    9 I don't understand it. The messages write in Chinese.
    7 You'll understand. English and French speak there.
    10 Over 20 new workers take on last month.
    8 This meat eat cooked.
    1 I don't know its name. What it call ?

    Užitečný obrat s trpným rodem je: be held - konat se (má podobný význam jako nám již známé take place). Např.: A meeting was held. - Konala se schůzka. ap. Hold znamená držet, ale také pořádat či konat. Pozor! Hold je nepravidelné sloveso s tvary: Past tense (PT) - held hεld a Past participle (PP) - held hεld.

    Exercise 6

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    • Řekněte anglicky s použitím částice to. Využijte nápovědu.

    6 Znám místo, kde se dá skvěle najíst. great place
    3 Byl první, kdo to věděl. first
    5 Je toho tady hodně k vidění. a lot
    9 Měl štěstí, že našel práci. lucky
    4 To rád slyším. glad
    1 Byla překvapená, že mě vidí. surprised
    7 Mám jiné věci na práci. other things
    8 Předstírala, že neví. pretend, not
    10 Promiňte, že vás obtěžuji. bother
    2 Očekávám, že nám pomůžete. expect you

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte výroky s přibližně stejným významem.

    • 1 She was fired.
    • 2 She's got a pay rise.
    • 3 He's jobless.
    • 4 She's looking for a job.
    • 5 He's been promoted.
    • 6 She works for herself.
    • 7 He applied for a job.
    • 8 He quit his job.
    • d She's better paid now.
    • g She lost her job.
    • h He's better off now.
    • a He's unemployed.
    • e He stopped working there.
    • c He sent a job application.
    • b She's her own boss.
    • f She's trying to find employment.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte druhou větu tak, aby měla opačný význam než věta první.

    1 It's getting better. – It's getting .
    6 She lost her job. – She a new job.
    10 When does the plane land? – When does the plane off?
    2 The keys were lost. – The keys were .
    8 My car is repaired. – My car is .
    7 He bought the car last year. – He the car last year.
    5 He's jobless. – He's .
    9 Can you take me to the airport? – Can you me up at the airport?
    4 They got married. – They got .
    3 They hired 5 workers. – They 5 workers.

    Exercise 9

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    • Utvořte věty stejného významu pomocí trpného rodu.

    14 Our company employed him.
    11 Somebody lost the keys.
    5 They made him do it.
    3 She sent the message.
    8 They gave us some money.
    7 They say that she is beautiful.
    10 Rich people buy these cars.
    13 They hired two employees.
    1 They saw her there.
    9 You can eat it.
    4 Someone told him to do it.
    2 Many workers use it.
    6 He promoted her.
    12 Nobody ever found it.

    He is wanted. je česky: Hledá ho policie. (zločince ap.). Help wanted. znamená: Přijmeme výpomoc. (brigádníka ap.).

    Exercise 10

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    • Přečtěte a napište celými slovy anglicky.

    4 1/2
    10 27 : 9 = 3
    6 53
    1 2/3
    9 35 - 20 = 15
    7 106
    12 3,650,500
    11 0.25
    5 32
    2 3/4
    8 55 + 55 = 110
    3 5/9

    Exercise 11

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    • Přeložte změny stavu become, get, go, grow, turn. Využijte nápovědu.

    4 Lepšíš se. better
    14 Začal jsem mít strach. afraid
    16 Brzy se unavila. tired
    8 To jídlo se zkazí. bad
    1 Stmívá se. dark
    6 Začíná to být těžké. difficult
    10 Dostávám žízeň. thirsty
    5 Počasí se zhoršilo. worse
    12 Zmokneš. wet
    11 Rozčílil se. angry
    3 Opili se. drunk
    9 Dostali jsme hlad. hungry
    15 Přestává mě to bavit. tired
    2 Na to si zvykneš. used to
    13 Počítač (se) zpomaluje. slow
    7 Proslavila se. famous

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte vhodné slovo.

    1 What does he do for a ? – He works as a teacher.
    8 He didn't send me the money. He me really angry.
    10 There was no meeting yesterday. It was called .
    5 These jobs are not well . You won't make much money.
    3 We need more staff. We must new employees.
    2 He applied a job, but he wasn't accepted.
    7 John hasn't found a job yet. He is still .
    9 It's hard to get along with her. She angry very often.
    4 He worked a programmer but was fired.
    6 Why did she her job? – Her salary was too low.

    Exercise 13

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    • Řekněte podle nápovědy anglicky, co (si) kdo nechal či dal udělat.

    2 my parents, new house, build
    3 they, room, clean
    5 we, food, bring to our room
    4 he, fire her
    8 we, the table, make
    6 she, hair, cut
    1 I, car, repair
    7 he, his jacket, wash

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte. Kde lze, použijte trpný rod.

    5 Jak se to nazývá anglicky?
    18 Dvě třetiny z nich dostaly přidáno.
    11 Vyrábí se tam auta.
    7 Jak se to dělá?
    6 Byli potrestáni.
    12 Dostala padáka.
    10 V Británii se mluví anglicky.
    3 Dělám sám na sebe.
    16 Musím si ti nechat opravit.
    2 Pracuji jako účetní.
    17 Dostal padáka.
    1 Čím se živíte?
    8 Najali 5 pracovníků.
    4 Byl povýšen.
    13 Zvykl jsem si na to.
    15 Prodalo se 1000 aut.
    9 Ukradli mu auto.
    14 Rezervace byla zrušena.

    Sloveso fire (vyhodit z práce) je běžné, ale spíše hovorové. Znamená též mimo jiné vypálit, vystřelit (ze zbraně ap.). Formální termín pro propustit (z práce) je dismiss dɪsˈmɪs. Např. He was dismissed. - Byl propuštěn.