Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    8 What is it called in English?
    3 I'm an employee.
    10 This word is not used often.
    1 What do you do for a living?
    7 What is meant by that?
    2 I work for myself.
    5 He started his own business.
    6 She applied for a job.
    4 He makes a lot of money.
    12 They were fired.
    9 The e-mail was sent yesterday.
    11 He's employed by our company.

    Už znáte užití koncovky -er - váže se k subjektu, jenž něco činí, např. employer, worker. Podobně funguje u některých sloves koncovka -or např.: translate (přeložit) - translator (překladatel) ap. Všimněte si též koncovky -ee např. u slova employee. Ta se naopak užívá u osoby, která je činnosti podrobena. Např. interviewer (dotazovatel) - interviewee (dotazovaný - u pohovoru ap.).

    Exercise 2

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    2 Mark works on a computer.
    6 Jack got the job.
    3 Bob doesn't work for a British company now.
    1 Jane works for herself.
    8 John has already found a job.
    7 I make more money now.
    4 Less than 50 workers work for the company.
    5 Some workers lost their jobs.

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 The food will go bad.
    • 2 She got fired.
    • 3 I'm getting thirsty.
    • 4 It makes me angry.
    • 5 He got angry.
    • 6 It's not getting better.
    • 7 It's getting cold.
    • 8 He should get used to it.
    • e Měl by si na to zvyknout.
    • h Štve mě to.
    • a Ochlazuje se.
    • f Naštval se.
    • b Dostávám žízeň.
    • g Dostala padáka.
    • d Nelepší se to.
    • c Jídlo se zkazí.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    6 They were fired last month and they are still employed/jobless/applied.
    3 He got the job – Oh really? I'm so nice/glad/fine to hear that.
    10 Our plane takes on/out/off at 10 a.m.
    7 He'll be promoted and get a pay rise/loss/raise.
    2 He applied for a job, but he wasn't taken/received/accepted.
    5 She didn't like her job. She decided to apply/get off/quit.
    9 He gets angry very often. It's hard to get by/along/after with him.
    8 I'm very tired. I need to take/get/give some sleep.
    4 He was often late for work. So he was fired/accepted/employed.
    1 She works like/as/such as a teacher. She teaches English.
    11 They needed more workers. They took out/for/on new staff.

    Nezaměňujte anglické termíny salary, wage a pay. Salary je pravidelný měsíční plat. Wage je mzda (hl. placená od hodiny, týdně ap.). Pay je plat či výplata, tedy vyplácené peníze. Např. pay day je den výplaty ap. Obecný formální termín pro odměnu (či odměňování) za práci je většinou remuneration rɪˌmjuːnəˈreɪʃən.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte správné tvary trpného rodu.

    8 This meat eat cooked.
    1 I don't know its name. What it call ?
    9 I don't understand it. The messages write in Chinese.
    4 He left his car there and it steal .
    10 Over 20 new workers take on last month.
    3 We can't go there. We not invite .
    5 My car has broken down. It needs to repair .
    6 The job pay well . You can make a lot of money.
    7 You'll understand. English and French speak there.
    2 The house sell last week.

    Užitečný obrat s trpným rodem je: be held - konat se (má podobný význam jako nám již známé take place). Např.: A meeting was held. - Konala se schůzka. ap. Hold znamená držet, ale také pořádat či konat. Pozor! Hold je nepravidelné sloveso s tvary: Past tense (PT) - held hεld a Past participle (PP) - held hεld.

    Exercise 6

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    • Řekněte anglicky s použitím částice to. Využijte nápovědu.

    5 Je toho tady hodně k vidění. a lot
    8 Předstírala, že neví. pretend, not
    4 To rád slyším. glad
    10 Promiňte, že vás obtěžuji. bother
    3 Byl první, kdo to věděl. first
    1 Byla překvapená, že mě vidí. surprised
    6 Znám místo, kde se dá skvěle najíst. great place
    7 Mám jiné věci na práci. other things
    2 Očekávám, že nám pomůžete. expect you
    9 Měl štěstí, že našel práci. lucky

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte výroky s přibližně stejným významem.

    • 1 She was fired.
    • 2 She's got a pay rise.
    • 3 He's jobless.
    • 4 She's looking for a job.
    • 5 He's been promoted.
    • 6 She works for herself.
    • 7 He applied for a job.
    • 8 He quit his job.
    • g She lost her job.
    • h He's better off now.
    • e He stopped working there.
    • c He sent a job application.
    • f She's trying to find employment.
    • a He's unemployed.
    • d She's better paid now.
    • b She's her own boss.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte druhou větu tak, aby měla opačný význam než věta první.

    9 Can you take me to the airport? – Can you me up at the airport?
    6 She lost her job. – She a new job.
    7 He bought the car last year. – He the car last year.
    2 The keys were lost. – The keys were .
    8 My car is repaired. – My car is .
    1 It's getting better. – It's getting .
    4 They got married. – They got .
    5 He's jobless. – He's .
    10 When does the plane land? – When does the plane off?
    3 They hired 5 workers. – They 5 workers.

    Exercise 9

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    • Utvořte věty stejného významu pomocí trpného rodu.

    9 You can eat it.
    1 They saw her there.
    4 Someone told him to do it.
    13 They hired two employees.
    10 Rich people buy these cars.
    2 Many workers use it.
    8 They gave us some money.
    6 He promoted her.
    3 She sent the message.
    12 Nobody ever found it.
    7 They say that she is beautiful.
    11 Somebody lost the keys.
    5 They made him do it.
    14 Our company employed him.

    He is wanted. je česky: Hledá ho policie. (zločince ap.). Help wanted. znamená: Přijmeme výpomoc. (brigádníka ap.).

    Exercise 10

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    • Přečtěte a napište celými slovy anglicky.

    2 3/4
    4 1/2
    3 5/9
    7 106
    12 3,650,500
    5 32
    9 35 - 20 = 15
    1 2/3
    10 27 : 9 = 3
    8 55 + 55 = 110
    6 53
    11 0.25

    Exercise 11

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    • Přeložte změny stavu become, get, go, grow, turn. Využijte nápovědu.

    15 Přestává mě to bavit. tired
    7 Proslavila se. famous
    10 Dostávám žízeň. thirsty
    16 Brzy se unavila. tired
    3 Opili se. drunk
    9 Dostali jsme hlad. hungry
    12 Zmokneš. wet
    11 Rozčílil se. angry
    1 Stmívá se. dark
    2 Na to si zvykneš. used to
    8 To jídlo se zkazí. bad
    5 Počasí se zhoršilo. worse
    6 Začíná to být těžké. difficult
    13 Počítač (se) zpomaluje. slow
    14 Začal jsem mít strach. afraid
    4 Lepšíš se. better

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte vhodné slovo.

    8 He didn't send me the money. He me really angry.
    7 John hasn't found a job yet. He is still .
    1 What does he do for a ? – He works as a teacher.
    6 Why did she her job? – Her salary was too low.
    3 We need more staff. We must new employees.
    2 He applied a job, but he wasn't accepted.
    10 There was no meeting yesterday. It was called .
    5 These jobs are not well . You won't make much money.
    4 He worked a programmer but was fired.
    9 It's hard to get along with her. She angry very often.

    Exercise 13

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    • Řekněte podle nápovědy anglicky, co (si) kdo nechal či dal udělat.

    1 I, car, repair
    7 he, his jacket, wash
    2 my parents, new house, build
    5 we, food, bring to our room
    3 they, room, clean
    6 she, hair, cut
    8 we, the table, make
    4 he, fire her

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte. Kde lze, použijte trpný rod.

    3 Dělám sám na sebe.
    13 Zvykl jsem si na to.
    10 V Británii se mluví anglicky.
    1 Čím se živíte?
    18 Dvě třetiny z nich dostaly přidáno.
    8 Najali 5 pracovníků.
    11 Vyrábí se tam auta.
    9 Ukradli mu auto.
    6 Byli potrestáni.
    15 Prodalo se 1000 aut.
    7 Jak se to dělá?
    16 Musím si ti nechat opravit.
    4 Byl povýšen.
    5 Jak se to nazývá anglicky?
    2 Pracuji jako účetní.
    14 Rezervace byla zrušena.
    12 Dostala padáka.
    17 Dostal padáka.

    Sloveso fire (vyhodit z práce) je běžné, ale spíše hovorové. Znamená též mimo jiné vypálit, vystřelit (ze zbraně ap.). Formální termín pro propustit (z práce) je dismiss dɪsˈmɪs. Např. He was dismissed. - Byl propuštěn.