Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    1 What do you do for a living?
    6 She applied for a job.
    7 What is meant by that?
    5 He started his own business.
    9 The e-mail was sent yesterday.
    11 He's employed by our company.
    10 This word is not used often.
    3 I'm an employee.
    2 I work for myself.
    12 They were fired.
    4 He makes a lot of money.
    8 What is it called in English?

    Už znáte užití koncovky -er - váže se k subjektu, jenž něco činí, např. employer, worker. Podobně funguje u některých sloves koncovka -or např.: translate (přeložit) - translator (překladatel) ap. Všimněte si též koncovky -ee např. u slova employee. Ta se naopak užívá u osoby, která je činnosti podrobena. Např. interviewer (dotazovatel) - interviewee (dotazovaný - u pohovoru ap.).

    Exercise 2

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    2 Mark works on a computer.
    3 Bob doesn't work for a British company now.
    1 Jane works for herself.
    4 Less than 50 workers work for the company.
    8 John has already found a job.
    7 I make more money now.
    5 Some workers lost their jobs.
    6 Jack got the job.

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 The food will go bad.
    • 2 She got fired.
    • 3 I'm getting thirsty.
    • 4 It makes me angry.
    • 5 He got angry.
    • 6 It's not getting better.
    • 7 It's getting cold.
    • 8 He should get used to it.
    • b Dostávám žízeň.
    • h Štve mě to.
    • e Měl by si na to zvyknout.
    • d Nelepší se to.
    • c Jídlo se zkazí.
    • f Naštval se.
    • a Ochlazuje se.
    • g Dostala padáka.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    3 He got the job – Oh really? I'm so nice/glad/fine to hear that.
    5 She didn't like her job. She decided to apply/get off/quit.
    4 He was often late for work. So he was fired/accepted/employed.
    7 He'll be promoted and get a pay rise/loss/raise.
    9 He gets angry very often. It's hard to get by/along/after with him.
    6 They were fired last month and they are still employed/jobless/applied.
    1 She works like/as/such as a teacher. She teaches English.
    11 They needed more workers. They took out/for/on new staff.
    10 Our plane takes on/out/off at 10 a.m.
    2 He applied for a job, but he wasn't taken/received/accepted.
    8 I'm very tired. I need to take/get/give some sleep.

    Nezaměňujte anglické termíny salary, wage a pay. Salary je pravidelný měsíční plat. Wage je mzda (hl. placená od hodiny, týdně ap.). Pay je plat či výplata, tedy vyplácené peníze. Např. pay day je den výplaty ap. Obecný formální termín pro odměnu (či odměňování) za práci je většinou remuneration rɪˌmjuːnəˈreɪʃən.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte správné tvary trpného rodu.

    10 Over 20 new workers take on last month.
    2 The house sell last week.
    7 You'll understand. English and French speak there.
    4 He left his car there and it steal .
    8 This meat eat cooked.
    5 My car has broken down. It needs to repair .
    9 I don't understand it. The messages write in Chinese.
    6 The job pay well . You can make a lot of money.
    3 We can't go there. We not invite .
    1 I don't know its name. What it call ?

    Užitečný obrat s trpným rodem je: be held - konat se (má podobný význam jako nám již známé take place). Např.: A meeting was held. - Konala se schůzka. ap. Hold znamená držet, ale také pořádat či konat. Pozor! Hold je nepravidelné sloveso s tvary: Past tense (PT) - held hεld a Past participle (PP) - held hεld.

    Exercise 6

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    • Řekněte anglicky s použitím částice to. Využijte nápovědu.

    6 Znám místo, kde se dá skvěle najíst. great place
    2 Očekávám, že nám pomůžete. expect you
    7 Mám jiné věci na práci. other things
    9 Měl štěstí, že našel práci. lucky
    4 To rád slyším. glad
    3 Byl první, kdo to věděl. first
    5 Je toho tady hodně k vidění. a lot
    8 Předstírala, že neví. pretend, not
    10 Promiňte, že vás obtěžuji. bother
    1 Byla překvapená, že mě vidí. surprised

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte výroky s přibližně stejným významem.

    • 1 She was fired.
    • 2 She's got a pay rise.
    • 3 He's jobless.
    • 4 She's looking for a job.
    • 5 He's been promoted.
    • 6 She works for herself.
    • 7 He applied for a job.
    • 8 He quit his job.
    • g She lost her job.
    • f She's trying to find employment.
    • e He stopped working there.
    • b She's her own boss.
    • d She's better paid now.
    • a He's unemployed.
    • h He's better off now.
    • c He sent a job application.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte druhou větu tak, aby měla opačný význam než věta první.

    9 Can you take me to the airport? – Can you me up at the airport?
    10 When does the plane land? – When does the plane off?
    5 He's jobless. – He's .
    7 He bought the car last year. – He the car last year.
    1 It's getting better. – It's getting .
    6 She lost her job. – She a new job.
    4 They got married. – They got .
    8 My car is repaired. – My car is .
    3 They hired 5 workers. – They 5 workers.
    2 The keys were lost. – The keys were .

    Exercise 9

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    • Utvořte věty stejného významu pomocí trpného rodu.

    10 Rich people buy these cars.
    1 They saw her there.
    12 Nobody ever found it.
    7 They say that she is beautiful.
    11 Somebody lost the keys.
    9 You can eat it.
    8 They gave us some money.
    13 They hired two employees.
    3 She sent the message.
    4 Someone told him to do it.
    5 They made him do it.
    14 Our company employed him.
    6 He promoted her.
    2 Many workers use it.

    He is wanted. je česky: Hledá ho policie. (zločince ap.). Help wanted. znamená: Přijmeme výpomoc. (brigádníka ap.).

    Exercise 10

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    • Přečtěte a napište celými slovy anglicky.

    5 32
    6 53
    7 106
    11 0.25
    8 55 + 55 = 110
    9 35 - 20 = 15
    12 3,650,500
    3 5/9
    4 1/2
    1 2/3
    10 27 : 9 = 3
    2 3/4

    Exercise 11

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    • Přeložte změny stavu become, get, go, grow, turn. Využijte nápovědu.

    2 Na to si zvykneš. used to
    6 Začíná to být těžké. difficult
    7 Proslavila se. famous
    9 Dostali jsme hlad. hungry
    12 Zmokneš. wet
    4 Lepšíš se. better
    1 Stmívá se. dark
    5 Počasí se zhoršilo. worse
    8 To jídlo se zkazí. bad
    15 Přestává mě to bavit. tired
    11 Rozčílil se. angry
    14 Začal jsem mít strach. afraid
    16 Brzy se unavila. tired
    10 Dostávám žízeň. thirsty
    3 Opili se. drunk
    13 Počítač (se) zpomaluje. slow

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte vhodné slovo.

    6 Why did she her job? – Her salary was too low.
    4 He worked a programmer but was fired.
    8 He didn't send me the money. He me really angry.
    10 There was no meeting yesterday. It was called .
    3 We need more staff. We must new employees.
    9 It's hard to get along with her. She angry very often.
    5 These jobs are not well . You won't make much money.
    1 What does he do for a ? – He works as a teacher.
    7 John hasn't found a job yet. He is still .
    2 He applied a job, but he wasn't accepted.

    Exercise 13

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    • Řekněte podle nápovědy anglicky, co (si) kdo nechal či dal udělat.

    8 we, the table, make
    7 he, his jacket, wash
    2 my parents, new house, build
    5 we, food, bring to our room
    1 I, car, repair
    6 she, hair, cut
    3 they, room, clean
    4 he, fire her

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte. Kde lze, použijte trpný rod.

    16 Musím si ti nechat opravit.
    13 Zvykl jsem si na to.
    14 Rezervace byla zrušena.
    10 V Británii se mluví anglicky.
    7 Jak se to dělá?
    9 Ukradli mu auto.
    15 Prodalo se 1000 aut.
    3 Dělám sám na sebe.
    8 Najali 5 pracovníků.
    17 Dostal padáka.
    12 Dostala padáka.
    6 Byli potrestáni.
    1 Čím se živíte?
    2 Pracuji jako účetní.
    4 Byl povýšen.
    5 Jak se to nazývá anglicky?
    18 Dvě třetiny z nich dostaly přidáno.
    11 Vyrábí se tam auta.

    Sloveso fire (vyhodit z práce) je běžné, ale spíše hovorové. Znamená též mimo jiné vypálit, vystřelit (ze zbraně ap.). Formální termín pro propustit (z práce) je dismiss dɪsˈmɪs. Např. He was dismissed. - Byl propuštěn.