Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    3 I'm an employee.
    4 He makes a lot of money.
    8 What is it called in English?
    5 He started his own business.
    6 She applied for a job.
    1 What do you do for a living?
    2 I work for myself.
    11 He's employed by our company.
    10 This word is not used often.
    12 They were fired.
    7 What is meant by that?
    9 The e-mail was sent yesterday.

    Už znáte užití koncovky -er - váže se k subjektu, jenž něco činí, např. employer, worker. Podobně funguje u některých sloves koncovka -or např.: translate (přeložit) - translator (překladatel) ap. Všimněte si též koncovky -ee např. u slova employee. Ta se naopak užívá u osoby, která je činnosti podrobena. Např. interviewer (dotazovatel) - interviewee (dotazovaný - u pohovoru ap.).

    Exercise 2

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    3 Bob doesn't work for a British company now.
    6 Jack got the job.
    2 Mark works on a computer.
    1 Jane works for herself.
    4 Less than 50 workers work for the company.
    5 Some workers lost their jobs.
    7 I make more money now.
    8 John has already found a job.

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 The food will go bad.
    • 2 She got fired.
    • 3 I'm getting thirsty.
    • 4 It makes me angry.
    • 5 He got angry.
    • 6 It's not getting better.
    • 7 It's getting cold.
    • 8 He should get used to it.
    • e Měl by si na to zvyknout.
    • f Naštval se.
    • g Dostala padáka.
    • c Jídlo se zkazí.
    • d Nelepší se to.
    • a Ochlazuje se.
    • b Dostávám žízeň.
    • h Štve mě to.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    10 Our plane takes on/out/off at 10 a.m.
    6 They were fired last month and they are still employed/jobless/applied.
    5 She didn't like her job. She decided to apply/get off/quit.
    11 They needed more workers. They took out/for/on new staff.
    7 He'll be promoted and get a pay rise/loss/raise.
    2 He applied for a job, but he wasn't taken/received/accepted.
    4 He was often late for work. So he was fired/accepted/employed.
    9 He gets angry very often. It's hard to get by/along/after with him.
    1 She works like/as/such as a teacher. She teaches English.
    3 He got the job – Oh really? I'm so nice/glad/fine to hear that.
    8 I'm very tired. I need to take/get/give some sleep.

    Nezaměňujte anglické termíny salary, wage a pay. Salary je pravidelný měsíční plat. Wage je mzda (hl. placená od hodiny, týdně ap.). Pay je plat či výplata, tedy vyplácené peníze. Např. pay day je den výplaty ap. Obecný formální termín pro odměnu (či odměňování) za práci je většinou remuneration rɪˌmjuːnəˈreɪʃən.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte správné tvary trpného rodu.

    5 My car has broken down. It needs to repair .
    2 The house sell last week.
    8 This meat eat cooked.
    4 He left his car there and it steal .
    7 You'll understand. English and French speak there.
    6 The job pay well . You can make a lot of money.
    10 Over 20 new workers take on last month.
    3 We can't go there. We not invite .
    9 I don't understand it. The messages write in Chinese.
    1 I don't know its name. What it call ?

    Užitečný obrat s trpným rodem je: be held - konat se (má podobný význam jako nám již známé take place). Např.: A meeting was held. - Konala se schůzka. ap. Hold znamená držet, ale také pořádat či konat. Pozor! Hold je nepravidelné sloveso s tvary: Past tense (PT) - held hεld a Past participle (PP) - held hεld.

    Exercise 6

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    • Řekněte anglicky s použitím částice to. Využijte nápovědu.

    5 Je toho tady hodně k vidění. a lot
    9 Měl štěstí, že našel práci. lucky
    3 Byl první, kdo to věděl. first
    2 Očekávám, že nám pomůžete. expect you
    7 Mám jiné věci na práci. other things
    6 Znám místo, kde se dá skvěle najíst. great place
    1 Byla překvapená, že mě vidí. surprised
    4 To rád slyším. glad
    10 Promiňte, že vás obtěžuji. bother
    8 Předstírala, že neví. pretend, not

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte výroky s přibližně stejným významem.

    • 1 She was fired.
    • 2 She's got a pay rise.
    • 3 He's jobless.
    • 4 She's looking for a job.
    • 5 He's been promoted.
    • 6 She works for herself.
    • 7 He applied for a job.
    • 8 He quit his job.
    • f She's trying to find employment.
    • c He sent a job application.
    • g She lost her job.
    • b She's her own boss.
    • d She's better paid now.
    • e He stopped working there.
    • h He's better off now.
    • a He's unemployed.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte druhou větu tak, aby měla opačný význam než věta první.

    6 She lost her job. – She a new job.
    3 They hired 5 workers. – They 5 workers.
    1 It's getting better. – It's getting .
    2 The keys were lost. – The keys were .
    10 When does the plane land? – When does the plane off?
    4 They got married. – They got .
    5 He's jobless. – He's .
    8 My car is repaired. – My car is .
    9 Can you take me to the airport? – Can you me up at the airport?
    7 He bought the car last year. – He the car last year.

    Exercise 9

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    • Utvořte věty stejného významu pomocí trpného rodu.

    1 They saw her there.
    2 Many workers use it.
    3 She sent the message.
    13 They hired two employees.
    5 They made him do it.
    10 Rich people buy these cars.
    4 Someone told him to do it.
    7 They say that she is beautiful.
    12 Nobody ever found it.
    8 They gave us some money.
    6 He promoted her.
    9 You can eat it.
    14 Our company employed him.
    11 Somebody lost the keys.

    He is wanted. je česky: Hledá ho policie. (zločince ap.). Help wanted. znamená: Přijmeme výpomoc. (brigádníka ap.).

    Exercise 10

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    • Přečtěte a napište celými slovy anglicky.

    10 27 : 9 = 3
    6 53
    9 35 - 20 = 15
    12 3,650,500
    8 55 + 55 = 110
    3 5/9
    7 106
    5 32
    11 0.25
    2 3/4
    4 1/2
    1 2/3

    Exercise 11

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    • Přeložte změny stavu become, get, go, grow, turn. Využijte nápovědu.

    16 Brzy se unavila. tired
    4 Lepšíš se. better
    9 Dostali jsme hlad. hungry
    11 Rozčílil se. angry
    14 Začal jsem mít strach. afraid
    12 Zmokneš. wet
    3 Opili se. drunk
    8 To jídlo se zkazí. bad
    13 Počítač (se) zpomaluje. slow
    10 Dostávám žízeň. thirsty
    1 Stmívá se. dark
    5 Počasí se zhoršilo. worse
    2 Na to si zvykneš. used to
    7 Proslavila se. famous
    6 Začíná to být těžké. difficult
    15 Přestává mě to bavit. tired

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte vhodné slovo.

    2 He applied a job, but he wasn't accepted.
    9 It's hard to get along with her. She angry very often.
    10 There was no meeting yesterday. It was called .
    6 Why did she her job? – Her salary was too low.
    1 What does he do for a ? – He works as a teacher.
    4 He worked a programmer but was fired.
    5 These jobs are not well . You won't make much money.
    3 We need more staff. We must new employees.
    7 John hasn't found a job yet. He is still .
    8 He didn't send me the money. He me really angry.

    Exercise 13

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    • Řekněte podle nápovědy anglicky, co (si) kdo nechal či dal udělat.

    2 my parents, new house, build
    1 I, car, repair
    4 he, fire her
    3 they, room, clean
    5 we, food, bring to our room
    8 we, the table, make
    7 he, his jacket, wash
    6 she, hair, cut

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte. Kde lze, použijte trpný rod.

    4 Byl povýšen.
    14 Rezervace byla zrušena.
    18 Dvě třetiny z nich dostaly přidáno.
    3 Dělám sám na sebe.
    6 Byli potrestáni.
    15 Prodalo se 1000 aut.
    2 Pracuji jako účetní.
    7 Jak se to dělá?
    13 Zvykl jsem si na to.
    16 Musím si ti nechat opravit.
    11 Vyrábí se tam auta.
    17 Dostal padáka.
    1 Čím se živíte?
    10 V Británii se mluví anglicky.
    8 Najali 5 pracovníků.
    5 Jak se to nazývá anglicky?
    12 Dostala padáka.
    9 Ukradli mu auto.

    Sloveso fire (vyhodit z práce) je běžné, ale spíše hovorové. Znamená též mimo jiné vypálit, vystřelit (ze zbraně ap.). Formální termín pro propustit (z práce) je dismiss dɪsˈmɪs. Např. He was dismissed. - Byl propuštěn.