Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    1 What do you do for a living?
    2 I work for myself.
    10 This word is not used often.
    6 She applied for a job.
    4 He makes a lot of money.
    3 I'm an employee.
    8 What is it called in English?
    7 What is meant by that?
    12 They were fired.
    5 He started his own business.
    9 The e-mail was sent yesterday.
    11 He's employed by our company.

    Už znáte užití koncovky -er - váže se k subjektu, jenž něco činí, např. employer, worker. Podobně funguje u některých sloves koncovka -or např.: translate (přeložit) - translator (překladatel) ap. Všimněte si též koncovky -ee např. u slova employee. Ta se naopak užívá u osoby, která je činnosti podrobena. Např. interviewer (dotazovatel) - interviewee (dotazovaný - u pohovoru ap.).

    Exercise 2

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    1 Jane works for herself.
    6 Jack got the job.
    3 Bob doesn't work for a British company now.
    8 John has already found a job.
    2 Mark works on a computer.
    4 Less than 50 workers work for the company.
    5 Some workers lost their jobs.
    7 I make more money now.

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 The food will go bad.
    • 2 She got fired.
    • 3 I'm getting thirsty.
    • 4 It makes me angry.
    • 5 He got angry.
    • 6 It's not getting better.
    • 7 It's getting cold.
    • 8 He should get used to it.
    • g Dostala padáka.
    • c Jídlo se zkazí.
    • d Nelepší se to.
    • a Ochlazuje se.
    • b Dostávám žízeň.
    • f Naštval se.
    • e Měl by si na to zvyknout.
    • h Štve mě to.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    9 He gets angry very often. It's hard to get by/along/after with him.
    4 He was often late for work. So he was fired/accepted/employed.
    3 He got the job – Oh really? I'm so nice/glad/fine to hear that.
    8 I'm very tired. I need to take/get/give some sleep.
    7 He'll be promoted and get a pay rise/loss/raise.
    10 Our plane takes on/out/off at 10 a.m.
    2 He applied for a job, but he wasn't taken/received/accepted.
    1 She works like/as/such as a teacher. She teaches English.
    6 They were fired last month and they are still employed/jobless/applied.
    11 They needed more workers. They took out/for/on new staff.
    5 She didn't like her job. She decided to apply/get off/quit.

    Nezaměňujte anglické termíny salary, wage a pay. Salary je pravidelný měsíční plat. Wage je mzda (hl. placená od hodiny, týdně ap.). Pay je plat či výplata, tedy vyplácené peníze. Např. pay day je den výplaty ap. Obecný formální termín pro odměnu (či odměňování) za práci je většinou remuneration rɪˌmjuːnəˈreɪʃən.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte správné tvary trpného rodu.

    1 I don't know its name. What it call ?
    6 The job pay well . You can make a lot of money.
    8 This meat eat cooked.
    10 Over 20 new workers take on last month.
    4 He left his car there and it steal .
    7 You'll understand. English and French speak there.
    3 We can't go there. We not invite .
    9 I don't understand it. The messages write in Chinese.
    2 The house sell last week.
    5 My car has broken down. It needs to repair .

    Užitečný obrat s trpným rodem je: be held - konat se (má podobný význam jako nám již známé take place). Např.: A meeting was held. - Konala se schůzka. ap. Hold znamená držet, ale také pořádat či konat. Pozor! Hold je nepravidelné sloveso s tvary: Past tense (PT) - held hεld a Past participle (PP) - held hεld.

    Exercise 6

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    • Řekněte anglicky s použitím částice to. Využijte nápovědu.

    8 Předstírala, že neví. pretend, not
    2 Očekávám, že nám pomůžete. expect you
    1 Byla překvapená, že mě vidí. surprised
    6 Znám místo, kde se dá skvěle najíst. great place
    4 To rád slyším. glad
    5 Je toho tady hodně k vidění. a lot
    7 Mám jiné věci na práci. other things
    10 Promiňte, že vás obtěžuji. bother
    3 Byl první, kdo to věděl. first
    9 Měl štěstí, že našel práci. lucky

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte výroky s přibližně stejným významem.

    • 1 She was fired.
    • 2 She's got a pay rise.
    • 3 He's jobless.
    • 4 She's looking for a job.
    • 5 He's been promoted.
    • 6 She works for herself.
    • 7 He applied for a job.
    • 8 He quit his job.
    • f She's trying to find employment.
    • a He's unemployed.
    • c He sent a job application.
    • b She's her own boss.
    • d She's better paid now.
    • g She lost her job.
    • e He stopped working there.
    • h He's better off now.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte druhou větu tak, aby měla opačný význam než věta první.

    7 He bought the car last year. – He the car last year.
    10 When does the plane land? – When does the plane off?
    9 Can you take me to the airport? – Can you me up at the airport?
    1 It's getting better. – It's getting .
    3 They hired 5 workers. – They 5 workers.
    4 They got married. – They got .
    6 She lost her job. – She a new job.
    2 The keys were lost. – The keys were .
    8 My car is repaired. – My car is .
    5 He's jobless. – He's .

    Exercise 9

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    • Utvořte věty stejného významu pomocí trpného rodu.

    14 Our company employed him.
    11 Somebody lost the keys.
    10 Rich people buy these cars.
    1 They saw her there.
    6 He promoted her.
    3 She sent the message.
    8 They gave us some money.
    9 You can eat it.
    2 Many workers use it.
    7 They say that she is beautiful.
    4 Someone told him to do it.
    12 Nobody ever found it.
    13 They hired two employees.
    5 They made him do it.

    He is wanted. je česky: Hledá ho policie. (zločince ap.). Help wanted. znamená: Přijmeme výpomoc. (brigádníka ap.).

    Exercise 10

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    • Přečtěte a napište celými slovy anglicky.

    9 35 - 20 = 15
    2 3/4
    4 1/2
    12 3,650,500
    5 32
    11 0.25
    1 2/3
    3 5/9
    8 55 + 55 = 110
    7 106
    6 53
    10 27 : 9 = 3

    Exercise 11

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    • Přeložte změny stavu become, get, go, grow, turn. Využijte nápovědu.

    15 Přestává mě to bavit. tired
    7 Proslavila se. famous
    6 Začíná to být těžké. difficult
    11 Rozčílil se. angry
    16 Brzy se unavila. tired
    4 Lepšíš se. better
    1 Stmívá se. dark
    5 Počasí se zhoršilo. worse
    8 To jídlo se zkazí. bad
    2 Na to si zvykneš. used to
    10 Dostávám žízeň. thirsty
    9 Dostali jsme hlad. hungry
    12 Zmokneš. wet
    13 Počítač (se) zpomaluje. slow
    3 Opili se. drunk
    14 Začal jsem mít strach. afraid

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte vhodné slovo.

    1 What does he do for a ? – He works as a teacher.
    5 These jobs are not well . You won't make much money.
    3 We need more staff. We must new employees.
    8 He didn't send me the money. He me really angry.
    4 He worked a programmer but was fired.
    10 There was no meeting yesterday. It was called .
    7 John hasn't found a job yet. He is still .
    2 He applied a job, but he wasn't accepted.
    6 Why did she her job? – Her salary was too low.
    9 It's hard to get along with her. She angry very often.

    Exercise 13

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    • Řekněte podle nápovědy anglicky, co (si) kdo nechal či dal udělat.

    5 we, food, bring to our room
    7 he, his jacket, wash
    3 they, room, clean
    6 she, hair, cut
    2 my parents, new house, build
    8 we, the table, make
    1 I, car, repair
    4 he, fire her

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte. Kde lze, použijte trpný rod.

    15 Prodalo se 1000 aut.
    16 Musím si ti nechat opravit.
    14 Rezervace byla zrušena.
    17 Dostal padáka.
    11 Vyrábí se tam auta.
    4 Byl povýšen.
    12 Dostala padáka.
    5 Jak se to nazývá anglicky?
    7 Jak se to dělá?
    6 Byli potrestáni.
    8 Najali 5 pracovníků.
    18 Dvě třetiny z nich dostaly přidáno.
    1 Čím se živíte?
    9 Ukradli mu auto.
    13 Zvykl jsem si na to.
    2 Pracuji jako účetní.
    10 V Británii se mluví anglicky.
    3 Dělám sám na sebe.

    Sloveso fire (vyhodit z práce) je běžné, ale spíše hovorové. Znamená též mimo jiné vypálit, vystřelit (ze zbraně ap.). Formální termín pro propustit (z práce) je dismiss dɪsˈmɪs. Např. He was dismissed. - Byl propuštěn.