Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    3 I'm an employee.
    2 I work for myself.
    4 He makes a lot of money.
    9 The e-mail was sent yesterday.
    7 What is meant by that?
    6 She applied for a job.
    5 He started his own business.
    8 What is it called in English?
    11 He's employed by our company.
    1 What do you do for a living?
    12 They were fired.
    10 This word is not used often.

    Už znáte užití koncovky -er - váže se k subjektu, jenž něco činí, např. employer, worker. Podobně funguje u některých sloves koncovka -or např.: translate (přeložit) - translator (překladatel) ap. Všimněte si též koncovky -ee např. u slova employee. Ta se naopak užívá u osoby, která je činnosti podrobena. Např. interviewer (dotazovatel) - interviewee (dotazovaný - u pohovoru ap.).

    Exercise 2

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    6 Jack got the job.
    3 Bob doesn't work for a British company now.
    4 Less than 50 workers work for the company.
    1 Jane works for herself.
    7 I make more money now.
    5 Some workers lost their jobs.
    2 Mark works on a computer.
    8 John has already found a job.

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 The food will go bad.
    • 2 She got fired.
    • 3 I'm getting thirsty.
    • 4 It makes me angry.
    • 5 He got angry.
    • 6 It's not getting better.
    • 7 It's getting cold.
    • 8 He should get used to it.
    • g Dostala padáka.
    • e Měl by si na to zvyknout.
    • h Štve mě to.
    • c Jídlo se zkazí.
    • b Dostávám žízeň.
    • f Naštval se.
    • a Ochlazuje se.
    • d Nelepší se to.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    11 They needed more workers. They took out/for/on new staff.
    7 He'll be promoted and get a pay rise/loss/raise.
    4 He was often late for work. So he was fired/accepted/employed.
    10 Our plane takes on/out/off at 10 a.m.
    8 I'm very tired. I need to take/get/give some sleep.
    5 She didn't like her job. She decided to apply/get off/quit.
    6 They were fired last month and they are still employed/jobless/applied.
    9 He gets angry very often. It's hard to get by/along/after with him.
    2 He applied for a job, but he wasn't taken/received/accepted.
    3 He got the job – Oh really? I'm so nice/glad/fine to hear that.
    1 She works like/as/such as a teacher. She teaches English.

    Nezaměňujte anglické termíny salary, wage a pay. Salary je pravidelný měsíční plat. Wage je mzda (hl. placená od hodiny, týdně ap.). Pay je plat či výplata, tedy vyplácené peníze. Např. pay day je den výplaty ap. Obecný formální termín pro odměnu (či odměňování) za práci je většinou remuneration rɪˌmjuːnəˈreɪʃən.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte správné tvary trpného rodu.

    1 I don't know its name. What it call ?
    5 My car has broken down. It needs to repair .
    6 The job pay well . You can make a lot of money.
    2 The house sell last week.
    4 He left his car there and it steal .
    8 This meat eat cooked.
    7 You'll understand. English and French speak there.
    9 I don't understand it. The messages write in Chinese.
    10 Over 20 new workers take on last month.
    3 We can't go there. We not invite .

    Užitečný obrat s trpným rodem je: be held - konat se (má podobný význam jako nám již známé take place). Např.: A meeting was held. - Konala se schůzka. ap. Hold znamená držet, ale také pořádat či konat. Pozor! Hold je nepravidelné sloveso s tvary: Past tense (PT) - held hεld a Past participle (PP) - held hεld.

    Exercise 6

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    • Řekněte anglicky s použitím částice to. Využijte nápovědu.

    8 Předstírala, že neví. pretend, not
    5 Je toho tady hodně k vidění. a lot
    9 Měl štěstí, že našel práci. lucky
    2 Očekávám, že nám pomůžete. expect you
    4 To rád slyším. glad
    7 Mám jiné věci na práci. other things
    6 Znám místo, kde se dá skvěle najíst. great place
    3 Byl první, kdo to věděl. first
    1 Byla překvapená, že mě vidí. surprised
    10 Promiňte, že vás obtěžuji. bother

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte výroky s přibližně stejným významem.

    • 1 She was fired.
    • 2 She's got a pay rise.
    • 3 He's jobless.
    • 4 She's looking for a job.
    • 5 He's been promoted.
    • 6 She works for herself.
    • 7 He applied for a job.
    • 8 He quit his job.
    • h He's better off now.
    • d She's better paid now.
    • f She's trying to find employment.
    • b She's her own boss.
    • a He's unemployed.
    • c He sent a job application.
    • e He stopped working there.
    • g She lost her job.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte druhou větu tak, aby měla opačný význam než věta první.

    8 My car is repaired. – My car is .
    2 The keys were lost. – The keys were .
    1 It's getting better. – It's getting .
    4 They got married. – They got .
    3 They hired 5 workers. – They 5 workers.
    9 Can you take me to the airport? – Can you me up at the airport?
    10 When does the plane land? – When does the plane off?
    5 He's jobless. – He's .
    6 She lost her job. – She a new job.
    7 He bought the car last year. – He the car last year.

    Exercise 9

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    • Utvořte věty stejného významu pomocí trpného rodu.

    8 They gave us some money.
    2 Many workers use it.
    6 He promoted her.
    12 Nobody ever found it.
    3 She sent the message.
    9 You can eat it.
    11 Somebody lost the keys.
    1 They saw her there.
    5 They made him do it.
    10 Rich people buy these cars.
    7 They say that she is beautiful.
    4 Someone told him to do it.
    13 They hired two employees.
    14 Our company employed him.

    He is wanted. je česky: Hledá ho policie. (zločince ap.). Help wanted. znamená: Přijmeme výpomoc. (brigádníka ap.).

    Exercise 10

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    • Přečtěte a napište celými slovy anglicky.

    8 55 + 55 = 110
    1 2/3
    7 106
    6 53
    5 32
    2 3/4
    10 27 : 9 = 3
    11 0.25
    12 3,650,500
    3 5/9
    9 35 - 20 = 15
    4 1/2

    Exercise 11

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    • Přeložte změny stavu become, get, go, grow, turn. Využijte nápovědu.

    2 Na to si zvykneš. used to
    7 Proslavila se. famous
    4 Lepšíš se. better
    15 Přestává mě to bavit. tired
    14 Začal jsem mít strach. afraid
    11 Rozčílil se. angry
    1 Stmívá se. dark
    6 Začíná to být těžké. difficult
    12 Zmokneš. wet
    10 Dostávám žízeň. thirsty
    8 To jídlo se zkazí. bad
    13 Počítač (se) zpomaluje. slow
    5 Počasí se zhoršilo. worse
    3 Opili se. drunk
    9 Dostali jsme hlad. hungry
    16 Brzy se unavila. tired

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte vhodné slovo.

    9 It's hard to get along with her. She angry very often.
    8 He didn't send me the money. He me really angry.
    4 He worked a programmer but was fired.
    7 John hasn't found a job yet. He is still .
    1 What does he do for a ? – He works as a teacher.
    3 We need more staff. We must new employees.
    10 There was no meeting yesterday. It was called .
    6 Why did she her job? – Her salary was too low.
    5 These jobs are not well . You won't make much money.
    2 He applied a job, but he wasn't accepted.

    Exercise 13

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    • Řekněte podle nápovědy anglicky, co (si) kdo nechal či dal udělat.

    8 we, the table, make
    4 he, fire her
    6 she, hair, cut
    2 my parents, new house, build
    3 they, room, clean
    1 I, car, repair
    7 he, his jacket, wash
    5 we, food, bring to our room

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte. Kde lze, použijte trpný rod.

    15 Prodalo se 1000 aut.
    14 Rezervace byla zrušena.
    6 Byli potrestáni.
    5 Jak se to nazývá anglicky?
    3 Dělám sám na sebe.
    7 Jak se to dělá?
    13 Zvykl jsem si na to.
    1 Čím se živíte?
    9 Ukradli mu auto.
    11 Vyrábí se tam auta.
    4 Byl povýšen.
    17 Dostal padáka.
    18 Dvě třetiny z nich dostaly přidáno.
    8 Najali 5 pracovníků.
    16 Musím si ti nechat opravit.
    2 Pracuji jako účetní.
    10 V Británii se mluví anglicky.
    12 Dostala padáka.

    Sloveso fire (vyhodit z práce) je běžné, ale spíše hovorové. Znamená též mimo jiné vypálit, vystřelit (ze zbraně ap.). Formální termín pro propustit (z práce) je dismiss dɪsˈmɪs. Např. He was dismissed. - Byl propuštěn.