Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    2 I work for myself.
    4 He makes a lot of money.
    3 I'm an employee.
    8 What is it called in English?
    7 What is meant by that?
    5 He started his own business.
    9 The e-mail was sent yesterday.
    12 They were fired.
    6 She applied for a job.
    11 He's employed by our company.
    10 This word is not used often.
    1 What do you do for a living?

    Už znáte užití koncovky -er - váže se k subjektu, jenž něco činí, např. employer, worker. Podobně funguje u některých sloves koncovka -or např.: translate (přeložit) - translator (překladatel) ap. Všimněte si též koncovky -ee např. u slova employee. Ta se naopak užívá u osoby, která je činnosti podrobena. Např. interviewer (dotazovatel) - interviewee (dotazovaný - u pohovoru ap.).

    Exercise 2

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    2 Mark works on a computer.
    7 I make more money now.
    8 John has already found a job.
    6 Jack got the job.
    4 Less than 50 workers work for the company.
    1 Jane works for herself.
    3 Bob doesn't work for a British company now.
    5 Some workers lost their jobs.

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 The food will go bad.
    • 2 She got fired.
    • 3 I'm getting thirsty.
    • 4 It makes me angry.
    • 5 He got angry.
    • 6 It's not getting better.
    • 7 It's getting cold.
    • 8 He should get used to it.
    • h Štve mě to.
    • b Dostávám žízeň.
    • e Měl by si na to zvyknout.
    • f Naštval se.
    • d Nelepší se to.
    • a Ochlazuje se.
    • c Jídlo se zkazí.
    • g Dostala padáka.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    10 Our plane takes on/out/off at 10 a.m.
    6 They were fired last month and they are still employed/jobless/applied.
    5 She didn't like her job. She decided to apply/get off/quit.
    8 I'm very tired. I need to take/get/give some sleep.
    7 He'll be promoted and get a pay rise/loss/raise.
    11 They needed more workers. They took out/for/on new staff.
    1 She works like/as/such as a teacher. She teaches English.
    9 He gets angry very often. It's hard to get by/along/after with him.
    3 He got the job – Oh really? I'm so nice/glad/fine to hear that.
    4 He was often late for work. So he was fired/accepted/employed.
    2 He applied for a job, but he wasn't taken/received/accepted.

    Nezaměňujte anglické termíny salary, wage a pay. Salary je pravidelný měsíční plat. Wage je mzda (hl. placená od hodiny, týdně ap.). Pay je plat či výplata, tedy vyplácené peníze. Např. pay day je den výplaty ap. Obecný formální termín pro odměnu (či odměňování) za práci je většinou remuneration rɪˌmjuːnəˈreɪʃən.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte správné tvary trpného rodu.

    3 We can't go there. We not invite .
    5 My car has broken down. It needs to repair .
    9 I don't understand it. The messages write in Chinese.
    6 The job pay well . You can make a lot of money.
    2 The house sell last week.
    1 I don't know its name. What it call ?
    10 Over 20 new workers take on last month.
    4 He left his car there and it steal .
    8 This meat eat cooked.
    7 You'll understand. English and French speak there.

    Užitečný obrat s trpným rodem je: be held - konat se (má podobný význam jako nám již známé take place). Např.: A meeting was held. - Konala se schůzka. ap. Hold znamená držet, ale také pořádat či konat. Pozor! Hold je nepravidelné sloveso s tvary: Past tense (PT) - held hεld a Past participle (PP) - held hεld.

    Exercise 6

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    • Řekněte anglicky s použitím částice to. Využijte nápovědu.

    4 To rád slyším. glad
    10 Promiňte, že vás obtěžuji. bother
    8 Předstírala, že neví. pretend, not
    6 Znám místo, kde se dá skvěle najíst. great place
    1 Byla překvapená, že mě vidí. surprised
    3 Byl první, kdo to věděl. first
    5 Je toho tady hodně k vidění. a lot
    2 Očekávám, že nám pomůžete. expect you
    9 Měl štěstí, že našel práci. lucky
    7 Mám jiné věci na práci. other things

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte výroky s přibližně stejným významem.

    • 1 She was fired.
    • 2 She's got a pay rise.
    • 3 He's jobless.
    • 4 She's looking for a job.
    • 5 He's been promoted.
    • 6 She works for herself.
    • 7 He applied for a job.
    • 8 He quit his job.
    • f She's trying to find employment.
    • h He's better off now.
    • g She lost her job.
    • a He's unemployed.
    • e He stopped working there.
    • b She's her own boss.
    • d She's better paid now.
    • c He sent a job application.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte druhou větu tak, aby měla opačný význam než věta první.

    4 They got married. – They got .
    10 When does the plane land? – When does the plane off?
    3 They hired 5 workers. – They 5 workers.
    7 He bought the car last year. – He the car last year.
    1 It's getting better. – It's getting .
    2 The keys were lost. – The keys were .
    9 Can you take me to the airport? – Can you me up at the airport?
    8 My car is repaired. – My car is .
    6 She lost her job. – She a new job.
    5 He's jobless. – He's .

    Exercise 9

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    • Utvořte věty stejného významu pomocí trpného rodu.

    1 They saw her there.
    2 Many workers use it.
    4 Someone told him to do it.
    12 Nobody ever found it.
    13 They hired two employees.
    11 Somebody lost the keys.
    5 They made him do it.
    7 They say that she is beautiful.
    3 She sent the message.
    6 He promoted her.
    10 Rich people buy these cars.
    14 Our company employed him.
    9 You can eat it.
    8 They gave us some money.

    He is wanted. je česky: Hledá ho policie. (zločince ap.). Help wanted. znamená: Přijmeme výpomoc. (brigádníka ap.).

    Exercise 10

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    • Přečtěte a napište celými slovy anglicky.

    1 2/3
    5 32
    12 3,650,500
    10 27 : 9 = 3
    8 55 + 55 = 110
    9 35 - 20 = 15
    11 0.25
    4 1/2
    3 5/9
    2 3/4
    7 106
    6 53

    Exercise 11

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    • Přeložte změny stavu become, get, go, grow, turn. Využijte nápovědu.

    4 Lepšíš se. better
    11 Rozčílil se. angry
    16 Brzy se unavila. tired
    15 Přestává mě to bavit. tired
    14 Začal jsem mít strach. afraid
    13 Počítač (se) zpomaluje. slow
    8 To jídlo se zkazí. bad
    12 Zmokneš. wet
    6 Začíná to být těžké. difficult
    5 Počasí se zhoršilo. worse
    3 Opili se. drunk
    10 Dostávám žízeň. thirsty
    2 Na to si zvykneš. used to
    9 Dostali jsme hlad. hungry
    7 Proslavila se. famous
    1 Stmívá se. dark

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte vhodné slovo.

    1 What does he do for a ? – He works as a teacher.
    6 Why did she her job? – Her salary was too low.
    4 He worked a programmer but was fired.
    10 There was no meeting yesterday. It was called .
    2 He applied a job, but he wasn't accepted.
    3 We need more staff. We must new employees.
    7 John hasn't found a job yet. He is still .
    5 These jobs are not well . You won't make much money.
    8 He didn't send me the money. He me really angry.
    9 It's hard to get along with her. She angry very often.

    Exercise 13

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    • Řekněte podle nápovědy anglicky, co (si) kdo nechal či dal udělat.

    4 he, fire her
    8 we, the table, make
    5 we, food, bring to our room
    1 I, car, repair
    6 she, hair, cut
    2 my parents, new house, build
    7 he, his jacket, wash
    3 they, room, clean

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte. Kde lze, použijte trpný rod.

    12 Dostala padáka.
    7 Jak se to dělá?
    15 Prodalo se 1000 aut.
    6 Byli potrestáni.
    5 Jak se to nazývá anglicky?
    11 Vyrábí se tam auta.
    2 Pracuji jako účetní.
    13 Zvykl jsem si na to.
    8 Najali 5 pracovníků.
    3 Dělám sám na sebe.
    4 Byl povýšen.
    14 Rezervace byla zrušena.
    17 Dostal padáka.
    10 V Británii se mluví anglicky.
    9 Ukradli mu auto.
    16 Musím si ti nechat opravit.
    18 Dvě třetiny z nich dostaly přidáno.
    1 Čím se živíte?

    Sloveso fire (vyhodit z práce) je běžné, ale spíše hovorové. Znamená též mimo jiné vypálit, vystřelit (ze zbraně ap.). Formální termín pro propustit (z práce) je dismiss dɪsˈmɪs. Např. He was dismissed. - Byl propuštěn.