Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    4 He makes a lot of money.
    8 What is it called in English?
    9 The e-mail was sent yesterday.
    7 What is meant by that?
    1 What do you do for a living?
    6 She applied for a job.
    3 I'm an employee.
    10 This word is not used often.
    12 They were fired.
    2 I work for myself.
    11 He's employed by our company.
    5 He started his own business.

    Už znáte užití koncovky -er - váže se k subjektu, jenž něco činí, např. employer, worker. Podobně funguje u některých sloves koncovka -or např.: translate (přeložit) - translator (překladatel) ap. Všimněte si též koncovky -ee např. u slova employee. Ta se naopak užívá u osoby, která je činnosti podrobena. Např. interviewer (dotazovatel) - interviewee (dotazovaný - u pohovoru ap.).

    Exercise 2

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    1 Jane works for herself.
    5 Some workers lost their jobs.
    3 Bob doesn't work for a British company now.
    6 Jack got the job.
    4 Less than 50 workers work for the company.
    7 I make more money now.
    8 John has already found a job.
    2 Mark works on a computer.

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 The food will go bad.
    • 2 She got fired.
    • 3 I'm getting thirsty.
    • 4 It makes me angry.
    • 5 He got angry.
    • 6 It's not getting better.
    • 7 It's getting cold.
    • 8 He should get used to it.
    • f Naštval se.
    • b Dostávám žízeň.
    • e Měl by si na to zvyknout.
    • h Štve mě to.
    • a Ochlazuje se.
    • c Jídlo se zkazí.
    • g Dostala padáka.
    • d Nelepší se to.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    6 They were fired last month and they are still employed/jobless/applied.
    4 He was often late for work. So he was fired/accepted/employed.
    3 He got the job – Oh really? I'm so nice/glad/fine to hear that.
    9 He gets angry very often. It's hard to get by/along/after with him.
    2 He applied for a job, but he wasn't taken/received/accepted.
    8 I'm very tired. I need to take/get/give some sleep.
    11 They needed more workers. They took out/for/on new staff.
    10 Our plane takes on/out/off at 10 a.m.
    7 He'll be promoted and get a pay rise/loss/raise.
    1 She works like/as/such as a teacher. She teaches English.
    5 She didn't like her job. She decided to apply/get off/quit.

    Nezaměňujte anglické termíny salary, wage a pay. Salary je pravidelný měsíční plat. Wage je mzda (hl. placená od hodiny, týdně ap.). Pay je plat či výplata, tedy vyplácené peníze. Např. pay day je den výplaty ap. Obecný formální termín pro odměnu (či odměňování) za práci je většinou remuneration rɪˌmjuːnəˈreɪʃən.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte správné tvary trpného rodu.

    5 My car has broken down. It needs to repair .
    6 The job pay well . You can make a lot of money.
    7 You'll understand. English and French speak there.
    2 The house sell last week.
    3 We can't go there. We not invite .
    8 This meat eat cooked.
    4 He left his car there and it steal .
    10 Over 20 new workers take on last month.
    1 I don't know its name. What it call ?
    9 I don't understand it. The messages write in Chinese.

    Užitečný obrat s trpným rodem je: be held - konat se (má podobný význam jako nám již známé take place). Např.: A meeting was held. - Konala se schůzka. ap. Hold znamená držet, ale také pořádat či konat. Pozor! Hold je nepravidelné sloveso s tvary: Past tense (PT) - held hεld a Past participle (PP) - held hεld.

    Exercise 6

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    • Řekněte anglicky s použitím částice to. Využijte nápovědu.

    6 Znám místo, kde se dá skvěle najíst. great place
    4 To rád slyším. glad
    1 Byla překvapená, že mě vidí. surprised
    7 Mám jiné věci na práci. other things
    5 Je toho tady hodně k vidění. a lot
    8 Předstírala, že neví. pretend, not
    2 Očekávám, že nám pomůžete. expect you
    10 Promiňte, že vás obtěžuji. bother
    9 Měl štěstí, že našel práci. lucky
    3 Byl první, kdo to věděl. first

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte výroky s přibližně stejným významem.

    • 1 She was fired.
    • 2 She's got a pay rise.
    • 3 He's jobless.
    • 4 She's looking for a job.
    • 5 He's been promoted.
    • 6 She works for herself.
    • 7 He applied for a job.
    • 8 He quit his job.
    • g She lost her job.
    • d She's better paid now.
    • c He sent a job application.
    • h He's better off now.
    • f She's trying to find employment.
    • b She's her own boss.
    • a He's unemployed.
    • e He stopped working there.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte druhou větu tak, aby měla opačný význam než věta první.

    9 Can you take me to the airport? – Can you me up at the airport?
    1 It's getting better. – It's getting .
    4 They got married. – They got .
    3 They hired 5 workers. – They 5 workers.
    8 My car is repaired. – My car is .
    10 When does the plane land? – When does the plane off?
    7 He bought the car last year. – He the car last year.
    5 He's jobless. – He's .
    6 She lost her job. – She a new job.
    2 The keys were lost. – The keys were .

    Exercise 9

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    • Utvořte věty stejného významu pomocí trpného rodu.

    14 Our company employed him.
    8 They gave us some money.
    3 She sent the message.
    6 He promoted her.
    10 Rich people buy these cars.
    4 Someone told him to do it.
    7 They say that she is beautiful.
    12 Nobody ever found it.
    11 Somebody lost the keys.
    9 You can eat it.
    13 They hired two employees.
    5 They made him do it.
    2 Many workers use it.
    1 They saw her there.

    He is wanted. je česky: Hledá ho policie. (zločince ap.). Help wanted. znamená: Přijmeme výpomoc. (brigádníka ap.).

    Exercise 10

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    • Přečtěte a napište celými slovy anglicky.

    5 32
    10 27 : 9 = 3
    1 2/3
    12 3,650,500
    4 1/2
    2 3/4
    6 53
    11 0.25
    7 106
    9 35 - 20 = 15
    8 55 + 55 = 110
    3 5/9

    Exercise 11

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    • Přeložte změny stavu become, get, go, grow, turn. Využijte nápovědu.

    1 Stmívá se. dark
    6 Začíná to být těžké. difficult
    16 Brzy se unavila. tired
    8 To jídlo se zkazí. bad
    11 Rozčílil se. angry
    5 Počasí se zhoršilo. worse
    3 Opili se. drunk
    7 Proslavila se. famous
    13 Počítač (se) zpomaluje. slow
    4 Lepšíš se. better
    2 Na to si zvykneš. used to
    9 Dostali jsme hlad. hungry
    12 Zmokneš. wet
    14 Začal jsem mít strach. afraid
    10 Dostávám žízeň. thirsty
    15 Přestává mě to bavit. tired

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte vhodné slovo.

    9 It's hard to get along with her. She angry very often.
    2 He applied a job, but he wasn't accepted.
    6 Why did she her job? – Her salary was too low.
    4 He worked a programmer but was fired.
    8 He didn't send me the money. He me really angry.
    5 These jobs are not well . You won't make much money.
    3 We need more staff. We must new employees.
    10 There was no meeting yesterday. It was called .
    1 What does he do for a ? – He works as a teacher.
    7 John hasn't found a job yet. He is still .

    Exercise 13

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    • Řekněte podle nápovědy anglicky, co (si) kdo nechal či dal udělat.

    3 they, room, clean
    2 my parents, new house, build
    6 she, hair, cut
    1 I, car, repair
    4 he, fire her
    8 we, the table, make
    7 he, his jacket, wash
    5 we, food, bring to our room

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte. Kde lze, použijte trpný rod.

    11 Vyrábí se tam auta.
    17 Dostal padáka.
    8 Najali 5 pracovníků.
    18 Dvě třetiny z nich dostaly přidáno.
    6 Byli potrestáni.
    14 Rezervace byla zrušena.
    9 Ukradli mu auto.
    5 Jak se to nazývá anglicky?
    16 Musím si ti nechat opravit.
    12 Dostala padáka.
    1 Čím se živíte?
    3 Dělám sám na sebe.
    4 Byl povýšen.
    15 Prodalo se 1000 aut.
    7 Jak se to dělá?
    13 Zvykl jsem si na to.
    10 V Británii se mluví anglicky.
    2 Pracuji jako účetní.

    Sloveso fire (vyhodit z práce) je běžné, ale spíše hovorové. Znamená též mimo jiné vypálit, vystřelit (ze zbraně ap.). Formální termín pro propustit (z práce) je dismiss dɪsˈmɪs. Např. He was dismissed. - Byl propuštěn.