Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    1 What do you do for a living?
    2 I work for myself.
    3 I'm an employee.
    4 He makes a lot of money.
    5 He started his own business.
    6 She applied for a job.
    7 What is meant by that?
    8 What is it called in English?
    9 The e-mail was sent yesterday.
    10 This word is not used often.
    11 He's employed by our company.
    12 They were fired.

    Už znáte užití koncovky -er - váže se k subjektu, jenž něco činí, např. employer, worker. Podobně funguje u některých sloves koncovka -or např.: translate (přeložit) - translator (překladatel) ap. Všimněte si též koncovky -ee např. u slova employee. Ta se naopak užívá u osoby, která je činnosti podrobena. Např. interviewer (dotazovatel) - interviewee (dotazovaný - u pohovoru ap.).

    Exercise 2

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    1 Jane works for herself.
    2 Mark works on a computer.
    3 Bob doesn't work for a British company now.
    4 Less than 50 workers work for the company.
    5 Some workers lost their jobs.
    6 Jack got the job.
    7 I make more money now.
    8 John has already found a job.

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 The food will go bad.
    • 2 She got fired.
    • 3 I'm getting thirsty.
    • 4 It makes me angry.
    • 5 He got angry.
    • 6 It's not getting better.
    • 7 It's getting cold.
    • 8 He should get used to it.
    • a Ochlazuje se.
    • b Dostávám žízeň.
    • c Jídlo se zkazí.
    • d Nelepší se to.
    • e Měl by si na to zvyknout.
    • f Naštval se.
    • g Dostala padáka.
    • h Štve mě to.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    1 She works like/as/such as a teacher. She teaches English.
    2 He applied for a job, but he wasn't taken/received/accepted.
    3 He got the job – Oh really? I'm so nice/glad/fine to hear that.
    4 He was often late for work. So he was fired/accepted/employed.
    5 She didn't like her job. She decided to apply/get off/quit.
    6 They were fired last month and they are still employed/jobless/applied.
    7 He'll be promoted and get a pay rise/loss/raise.
    8 I'm very tired. I need to take/get/give some sleep.
    9 He gets angry very often. It's hard to get by/along/after with him.
    10 Our plane takes on/out/off at 10 a.m.
    11 They needed more workers. They took out/for/on new staff.

    Nezaměňujte anglické termíny salary, wage a pay. Salary je pravidelný měsíční plat. Wage je mzda (hl. placená od hodiny, týdně ap.). Pay je plat či výplata, tedy vyplácené peníze. Např. pay day je den výplaty ap. Obecný formální termín pro odměnu (či odměňování) za práci je většinou remuneration rɪˌmjuːnəˈreɪʃən.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte správné tvary trpného rodu.

    1 I don't know its name. What it call ?
    2 The house sell last week.
    3 We can't go there. We not invite .
    4 He left his car there and it steal .
    5 My car has broken down. It needs to repair .
    6 The job pay well . You can make a lot of money.
    7 You'll understand. English and French speak there.
    8 This meat eat cooked.
    9 I don't understand it. The messages write in Chinese.
    10 Over 20 new workers take on last month.

    Užitečný obrat s trpným rodem je: be held - konat se (má podobný význam jako nám již známé take place). Např.: A meeting was held. - Konala se schůzka. ap. Hold znamená držet, ale také pořádat či konat. Pozor! Hold je nepravidelné sloveso s tvary: Past tense (PT) - held hεld a Past participle (PP) - held hεld.

    Exercise 6

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    • Řekněte anglicky s použitím částice to. Využijte nápovědu.

    1 Byla překvapená, že mě vidí. surprised
    2 Očekávám, že nám pomůžete. expect you
    3 Byl první, kdo to věděl. first
    4 To rád slyším. glad
    5 Je toho tady hodně k vidění. a lot
    6 Znám místo, kde se dá skvěle najíst. great place
    7 Mám jiné věci na práci. other things
    8 Předstírala, že neví. pretend, not
    9 Měl štěstí, že našel práci. lucky
    10 Promiňte, že vás obtěžuji. bother

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte výroky s přibližně stejným významem.

    • 1 She was fired.
    • 2 She's got a pay rise.
    • 3 He's jobless.
    • 4 She's looking for a job.
    • 5 He's been promoted.
    • 6 She works for herself.
    • 7 He applied for a job.
    • 8 He quit his job.
    • a He's unemployed.
    • b She's her own boss.
    • c He sent a job application.
    • d She's better paid now.
    • e He stopped working there.
    • f She's trying to find employment.
    • g She lost her job.
    • h He's better off now.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte druhou větu tak, aby měla opačný význam než věta první.

    1 It's getting better. – It's getting .
    2 The keys were lost. – The keys were .
    3 They hired 5 workers. – They 5 workers.
    4 They got married. – They got .
    5 He's jobless. – He's .
    6 She lost her job. – She a new job.
    7 He bought the car last year. – He the car last year.
    8 My car is repaired. – My car is .
    9 Can you take me to the airport? – Can you me up at the airport?
    10 When does the plane land? – When does the plane off?

    Exercise 9

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    • Utvořte věty stejného významu pomocí trpného rodu.

    1 They saw her there.
    2 Many workers use it.
    3 She sent the message.
    4 Someone told him to do it.
    5 They made him do it.
    6 He promoted her.
    7 They say that she is beautiful.
    8 They gave us some money.
    9 You can eat it.
    10 Rich people buy these cars.
    11 Somebody lost the keys.
    12 Nobody ever found it.
    13 They hired two employees.
    14 Our company employed him.

    He is wanted. je česky: Hledá ho policie. (zločince ap.). Help wanted. znamená: Přijmeme výpomoc. (brigádníka ap.).

    Exercise 10

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    • Přečtěte a napište celými slovy anglicky.

    1 2/3
    2 3/4
    3 5/9
    4 1/2
    5 32
    6 53
    7 106
    8 55 + 55 = 110
    9 35 - 20 = 15
    10 27 : 9 = 3
    11 0.25
    12 3,650,500

    Exercise 11

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    • Přeložte změny stavu become, get, go, grow, turn. Využijte nápovědu.

    1 Stmívá se. dark
    2 Na to si zvykneš. used to
    3 Opili se. drunk
    4 Lepšíš se. better
    5 Počasí se zhoršilo. worse
    6 Začíná to být těžké. difficult
    7 Proslavila se. famous
    8 To jídlo se zkazí. bad
    9 Dostali jsme hlad. hungry
    10 Dostávám žízeň. thirsty
    11 Rozčílil se. angry
    12 Zmokneš. wet
    13 Počítač (se) zpomaluje. slow
    14 Začal jsem mít strach. afraid
    15 Přestává mě to bavit. tired
    16 Brzy se unavila. tired

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte vhodné slovo.

    1 What does he do for a ? – He works as a teacher.
    2 He applied a job, but he wasn't accepted.
    3 We need more staff. We must new employees.
    4 He worked a programmer but was fired.
    5 These jobs are not well . You won't make much money.
    6 Why did she her job? – Her salary was too low.
    7 John hasn't found a job yet. He is still .
    8 He didn't send me the money. He me really angry.
    9 It's hard to get along with her. She angry very often.
    10 There was no meeting yesterday. It was called .

    Exercise 13

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    • Řekněte podle nápovědy anglicky, co (si) kdo nechal či dal udělat.

    1 I, car, repair
    2 my parents, new house, build
    3 they, room, clean
    4 he, fire her
    5 we, food, bring to our room
    6 she, hair, cut
    7 he, his jacket, wash
    8 we, the table, make

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte. Kde lze, použijte trpný rod.

    1 Čím se živíte?
    2 Pracuji jako účetní.
    3 Dělám sám na sebe.
    4 Byl povýšen.
    5 Jak se to nazývá anglicky?
    6 Byli potrestáni.
    7 Jak se to dělá?
    8 Najali 5 pracovníků.
    9 Ukradli mu auto.
    10 V Británii se mluví anglicky.
    11 Vyrábí se tam auta.
    12 Dostala padáka.
    13 Zvykl jsem si na to.
    14 Rezervace byla zrušena.
    15 Prodalo se 1000 aut.
    16 Musím si ti nechat opravit.
    17 Dostal padáka.
    18 Dvě třetiny z nich dostaly přidáno.

    Sloveso fire (vyhodit z práce) je běžné, ale spíše hovorové. Znamená též mimo jiné vypálit, vystřelit (ze zbraně ap.). Formální termín pro propustit (z práce) je dismiss dɪsˈmɪs. Např. He was dismissed. - Byl propuštěn.