Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    1 What do you do for a living?
    6 She applied for a job.
    12 They were fired.
    3 I'm an employee.
    4 He makes a lot of money.
    2 I work for myself.
    8 What is it called in English?
    5 He started his own business.
    11 He's employed by our company.
    10 This word is not used often.
    7 What is meant by that?
    9 The e-mail was sent yesterday.

    Už znáte užití koncovky -er - váže se k subjektu, jenž něco činí, např. employer, worker. Podobně funguje u některých sloves koncovka -or např.: translate (přeložit) - translator (překladatel) ap. Všimněte si též koncovky -ee např. u slova employee. Ta se naopak užívá u osoby, která je činnosti podrobena. Např. interviewer (dotazovatel) - interviewee (dotazovaný - u pohovoru ap.).

    Exercise 2

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    2 Mark works on a computer.
    4 Less than 50 workers work for the company.
    8 John has already found a job.
    3 Bob doesn't work for a British company now.
    5 Some workers lost their jobs.
    1 Jane works for herself.
    7 I make more money now.
    6 Jack got the job.

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 The food will go bad.
    • 2 She got fired.
    • 3 I'm getting thirsty.
    • 4 It makes me angry.
    • 5 He got angry.
    • 6 It's not getting better.
    • 7 It's getting cold.
    • 8 He should get used to it.
    • e Měl by si na to zvyknout.
    • a Ochlazuje se.
    • h Štve mě to.
    • c Jídlo se zkazí.
    • g Dostala padáka.
    • f Naštval se.
    • d Nelepší se to.
    • b Dostávám žízeň.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    5 She didn't like her job. She decided to apply/get off/quit.
    8 I'm very tired. I need to take/get/give some sleep.
    6 They were fired last month and they are still employed/jobless/applied.
    9 He gets angry very often. It's hard to get by/along/after with him.
    1 She works like/as/such as a teacher. She teaches English.
    7 He'll be promoted and get a pay rise/loss/raise.
    3 He got the job – Oh really? I'm so nice/glad/fine to hear that.
    10 Our plane takes on/out/off at 10 a.m.
    4 He was often late for work. So he was fired/accepted/employed.
    2 He applied for a job, but he wasn't taken/received/accepted.
    11 They needed more workers. They took out/for/on new staff.

    Nezaměňujte anglické termíny salary, wage a pay. Salary je pravidelný měsíční plat. Wage je mzda (hl. placená od hodiny, týdně ap.). Pay je plat či výplata, tedy vyplácené peníze. Např. pay day je den výplaty ap. Obecný formální termín pro odměnu (či odměňování) za práci je většinou remuneration rɪˌmjuːnəˈreɪʃən.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte správné tvary trpného rodu.

    5 My car has broken down. It needs to repair .
    4 He left his car there and it steal .
    9 I don't understand it. The messages write in Chinese.
    3 We can't go there. We not invite .
    7 You'll understand. English and French speak there.
    2 The house sell last week.
    6 The job pay well . You can make a lot of money.
    10 Over 20 new workers take on last month.
    1 I don't know its name. What it call ?
    8 This meat eat cooked.

    Užitečný obrat s trpným rodem je: be held - konat se (má podobný význam jako nám již známé take place). Např.: A meeting was held. - Konala se schůzka. ap. Hold znamená držet, ale také pořádat či konat. Pozor! Hold je nepravidelné sloveso s tvary: Past tense (PT) - held hεld a Past participle (PP) - held hεld.

    Exercise 6

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    • Řekněte anglicky s použitím částice to. Využijte nápovědu.

    1 Byla překvapená, že mě vidí. surprised
    9 Měl štěstí, že našel práci. lucky
    6 Znám místo, kde se dá skvěle najíst. great place
    7 Mám jiné věci na práci. other things
    4 To rád slyším. glad
    3 Byl první, kdo to věděl. first
    8 Předstírala, že neví. pretend, not
    5 Je toho tady hodně k vidění. a lot
    10 Promiňte, že vás obtěžuji. bother
    2 Očekávám, že nám pomůžete. expect you

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte výroky s přibližně stejným významem.

    • 1 She was fired.
    • 2 She's got a pay rise.
    • 3 He's jobless.
    • 4 She's looking for a job.
    • 5 He's been promoted.
    • 6 She works for herself.
    • 7 He applied for a job.
    • 8 He quit his job.
    • a He's unemployed.
    • c He sent a job application.
    • b She's her own boss.
    • g She lost her job.
    • d She's better paid now.
    • f She's trying to find employment.
    • h He's better off now.
    • e He stopped working there.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte druhou větu tak, aby měla opačný význam než věta první.

    8 My car is repaired. – My car is .
    9 Can you take me to the airport? – Can you me up at the airport?
    5 He's jobless. – He's .
    1 It's getting better. – It's getting .
    7 He bought the car last year. – He the car last year.
    3 They hired 5 workers. – They 5 workers.
    6 She lost her job. – She a new job.
    2 The keys were lost. – The keys were .
    4 They got married. – They got .
    10 When does the plane land? – When does the plane off?

    Exercise 9

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    • Utvořte věty stejného významu pomocí trpného rodu.

    12 Nobody ever found it.
    1 They saw her there.
    11 Somebody lost the keys.
    6 He promoted her.
    3 She sent the message.
    5 They made him do it.
    9 You can eat it.
    10 Rich people buy these cars.
    7 They say that she is beautiful.
    2 Many workers use it.
    14 Our company employed him.
    4 Someone told him to do it.
    8 They gave us some money.
    13 They hired two employees.

    He is wanted. je česky: Hledá ho policie. (zločince ap.). Help wanted. znamená: Přijmeme výpomoc. (brigádníka ap.).

    Exercise 10

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    • Přečtěte a napište celými slovy anglicky.

    2 3/4
    12 3,650,500
    9 35 - 20 = 15
    1 2/3
    11 0.25
    8 55 + 55 = 110
    4 1/2
    3 5/9
    5 32
    10 27 : 9 = 3
    7 106
    6 53

    Exercise 11

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    • Přeložte změny stavu become, get, go, grow, turn. Využijte nápovědu.

    10 Dostávám žízeň. thirsty
    2 Na to si zvykneš. used to
    13 Počítač (se) zpomaluje. slow
    8 To jídlo se zkazí. bad
    7 Proslavila se. famous
    15 Přestává mě to bavit. tired
    11 Rozčílil se. angry
    9 Dostali jsme hlad. hungry
    3 Opili se. drunk
    1 Stmívá se. dark
    12 Zmokneš. wet
    4 Lepšíš se. better
    14 Začal jsem mít strach. afraid
    6 Začíná to být těžké. difficult
    5 Počasí se zhoršilo. worse
    16 Brzy se unavila. tired

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte vhodné slovo.

    6 Why did she her job? – Her salary was too low.
    8 He didn't send me the money. He me really angry.
    3 We need more staff. We must new employees.
    10 There was no meeting yesterday. It was called .
    7 John hasn't found a job yet. He is still .
    4 He worked a programmer but was fired.
    1 What does he do for a ? – He works as a teacher.
    2 He applied a job, but he wasn't accepted.
    5 These jobs are not well . You won't make much money.
    9 It's hard to get along with her. She angry very often.

    Exercise 13

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    • Řekněte podle nápovědy anglicky, co (si) kdo nechal či dal udělat.

    4 he, fire her
    6 she, hair, cut
    5 we, food, bring to our room
    2 my parents, new house, build
    3 they, room, clean
    7 he, his jacket, wash
    1 I, car, repair
    8 we, the table, make

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte. Kde lze, použijte trpný rod.

    1 Čím se živíte?
    14 Rezervace byla zrušena.
    13 Zvykl jsem si na to.
    17 Dostal padáka.
    15 Prodalo se 1000 aut.
    12 Dostala padáka.
    7 Jak se to dělá?
    5 Jak se to nazývá anglicky?
    16 Musím si ti nechat opravit.
    9 Ukradli mu auto.
    2 Pracuji jako účetní.
    4 Byl povýšen.
    6 Byli potrestáni.
    18 Dvě třetiny z nich dostaly přidáno.
    3 Dělám sám na sebe.
    11 Vyrábí se tam auta.
    8 Najali 5 pracovníků.
    10 V Británii se mluví anglicky.

    Sloveso fire (vyhodit z práce) je běžné, ale spíše hovorové. Znamená též mimo jiné vypálit, vystřelit (ze zbraně ap.). Formální termín pro propustit (z práce) je dismiss dɪsˈmɪs. Např. He was dismissed. - Byl propuštěn.