Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    2 I work for myself.
    7 What is meant by that?
    9 The e-mail was sent yesterday.
    12 They were fired.
    5 He started his own business.
    8 What is it called in English?
    1 What do you do for a living?
    11 He's employed by our company.
    10 This word is not used often.
    4 He makes a lot of money.
    6 She applied for a job.
    3 I'm an employee.

    Už znáte užití koncovky -er - váže se k subjektu, jenž něco činí, např. employer, worker. Podobně funguje u některých sloves koncovka -or např.: translate (přeložit) - translator (překladatel) ap. Všimněte si též koncovky -ee např. u slova employee. Ta se naopak užívá u osoby, která je činnosti podrobena. Např. interviewer (dotazovatel) - interviewee (dotazovaný - u pohovoru ap.).

    Exercise 2

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    5 Some workers lost their jobs.
    4 Less than 50 workers work for the company.
    1 Jane works for herself.
    2 Mark works on a computer.
    3 Bob doesn't work for a British company now.
    6 Jack got the job.
    7 I make more money now.
    8 John has already found a job.

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 The food will go bad.
    • 2 She got fired.
    • 3 I'm getting thirsty.
    • 4 It makes me angry.
    • 5 He got angry.
    • 6 It's not getting better.
    • 7 It's getting cold.
    • 8 He should get used to it.
    • f Naštval se.
    • g Dostala padáka.
    • b Dostávám žízeň.
    • c Jídlo se zkazí.
    • e Měl by si na to zvyknout.
    • h Štve mě to.
    • a Ochlazuje se.
    • d Nelepší se to.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    3 He got the job – Oh really? I'm so nice/glad/fine to hear that.
    2 He applied for a job, but he wasn't taken/received/accepted.
    4 He was often late for work. So he was fired/accepted/employed.
    1 She works like/as/such as a teacher. She teaches English.
    10 Our plane takes on/out/off at 10 a.m.
    5 She didn't like her job. She decided to apply/get off/quit.
    8 I'm very tired. I need to take/get/give some sleep.
    9 He gets angry very often. It's hard to get by/along/after with him.
    6 They were fired last month and they are still employed/jobless/applied.
    7 He'll be promoted and get a pay rise/loss/raise.
    11 They needed more workers. They took out/for/on new staff.

    Nezaměňujte anglické termíny salary, wage a pay. Salary je pravidelný měsíční plat. Wage je mzda (hl. placená od hodiny, týdně ap.). Pay je plat či výplata, tedy vyplácené peníze. Např. pay day je den výplaty ap. Obecný formální termín pro odměnu (či odměňování) za práci je většinou remuneration rɪˌmjuːnəˈreɪʃən.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte správné tvary trpného rodu.

    6 The job pay well . You can make a lot of money.
    5 My car has broken down. It needs to repair .
    3 We can't go there. We not invite .
    2 The house sell last week.
    9 I don't understand it. The messages write in Chinese.
    7 You'll understand. English and French speak there.
    1 I don't know its name. What it call ?
    8 This meat eat cooked.
    10 Over 20 new workers take on last month.
    4 He left his car there and it steal .

    Užitečný obrat s trpným rodem je: be held - konat se (má podobný význam jako nám již známé take place). Např.: A meeting was held. - Konala se schůzka. ap. Hold znamená držet, ale také pořádat či konat. Pozor! Hold je nepravidelné sloveso s tvary: Past tense (PT) - held hεld a Past participle (PP) - held hεld.

    Exercise 6

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    • Řekněte anglicky s použitím částice to. Využijte nápovědu.

    4 To rád slyším. glad
    7 Mám jiné věci na práci. other things
    10 Promiňte, že vás obtěžuji. bother
    5 Je toho tady hodně k vidění. a lot
    9 Měl štěstí, že našel práci. lucky
    6 Znám místo, kde se dá skvěle najíst. great place
    3 Byl první, kdo to věděl. first
    1 Byla překvapená, že mě vidí. surprised
    8 Předstírala, že neví. pretend, not
    2 Očekávám, že nám pomůžete. expect you

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte výroky s přibližně stejným významem.

    • 1 She was fired.
    • 2 She's got a pay rise.
    • 3 He's jobless.
    • 4 She's looking for a job.
    • 5 He's been promoted.
    • 6 She works for herself.
    • 7 He applied for a job.
    • 8 He quit his job.
    • a He's unemployed.
    • d She's better paid now.
    • b She's her own boss.
    • g She lost her job.
    • f She's trying to find employment.
    • h He's better off now.
    • c He sent a job application.
    • e He stopped working there.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte druhou větu tak, aby měla opačný význam než věta první.

    5 He's jobless. – He's .
    9 Can you take me to the airport? – Can you me up at the airport?
    8 My car is repaired. – My car is .
    10 When does the plane land? – When does the plane off?
    1 It's getting better. – It's getting .
    7 He bought the car last year. – He the car last year.
    3 They hired 5 workers. – They 5 workers.
    4 They got married. – They got .
    6 She lost her job. – She a new job.
    2 The keys were lost. – The keys were .

    Exercise 9

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    • Utvořte věty stejného významu pomocí trpného rodu.

    13 They hired two employees.
    11 Somebody lost the keys.
    8 They gave us some money.
    3 She sent the message.
    12 Nobody ever found it.
    9 You can eat it.
    10 Rich people buy these cars.
    5 They made him do it.
    7 They say that she is beautiful.
    1 They saw her there.
    14 Our company employed him.
    6 He promoted her.
    2 Many workers use it.
    4 Someone told him to do it.

    He is wanted. je česky: Hledá ho policie. (zločince ap.). Help wanted. znamená: Přijmeme výpomoc. (brigádníka ap.).

    Exercise 10

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    • Přečtěte a napište celými slovy anglicky.

    7 106
    10 27 : 9 = 3
    9 35 - 20 = 15
    11 0.25
    4 1/2
    1 2/3
    12 3,650,500
    5 32
    2 3/4
    6 53
    8 55 + 55 = 110
    3 5/9

    Exercise 11

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    • Přeložte změny stavu become, get, go, grow, turn. Využijte nápovědu.

    14 Začal jsem mít strach. afraid
    15 Přestává mě to bavit. tired
    11 Rozčílil se. angry
    2 Na to si zvykneš. used to
    3 Opili se. drunk
    13 Počítač (se) zpomaluje. slow
    6 Začíná to být těžké. difficult
    10 Dostávám žízeň. thirsty
    12 Zmokneš. wet
    16 Brzy se unavila. tired
    4 Lepšíš se. better
    8 To jídlo se zkazí. bad
    5 Počasí se zhoršilo. worse
    9 Dostali jsme hlad. hungry
    1 Stmívá se. dark
    7 Proslavila se. famous

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte vhodné slovo.

    6 Why did she her job? – Her salary was too low.
    7 John hasn't found a job yet. He is still .
    5 These jobs are not well . You won't make much money.
    1 What does he do for a ? – He works as a teacher.
    9 It's hard to get along with her. She angry very often.
    8 He didn't send me the money. He me really angry.
    3 We need more staff. We must new employees.
    2 He applied a job, but he wasn't accepted.
    4 He worked a programmer but was fired.
    10 There was no meeting yesterday. It was called .

    Exercise 13

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    • Řekněte podle nápovědy anglicky, co (si) kdo nechal či dal udělat.

    8 we, the table, make
    6 she, hair, cut
    3 they, room, clean
    4 he, fire her
    7 he, his jacket, wash
    1 I, car, repair
    5 we, food, bring to our room
    2 my parents, new house, build

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte. Kde lze, použijte trpný rod.

    11 Vyrábí se tam auta.
    14 Rezervace byla zrušena.
    17 Dostal padáka.
    8 Najali 5 pracovníků.
    16 Musím si ti nechat opravit.
    5 Jak se to nazývá anglicky?
    13 Zvykl jsem si na to.
    1 Čím se živíte?
    10 V Británii se mluví anglicky.
    18 Dvě třetiny z nich dostaly přidáno.
    4 Byl povýšen.
    2 Pracuji jako účetní.
    7 Jak se to dělá?
    9 Ukradli mu auto.
    15 Prodalo se 1000 aut.
    12 Dostala padáka.
    3 Dělám sám na sebe.
    6 Byli potrestáni.

    Sloveso fire (vyhodit z práce) je běžné, ale spíše hovorové. Znamená též mimo jiné vypálit, vystřelit (ze zbraně ap.). Formální termín pro propustit (z práce) je dismiss dɪsˈmɪs. Např. He was dismissed. - Byl propuštěn.