Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    2 I work for myself.
    9 The e-mail was sent yesterday.
    7 What is meant by that?
    5 He started his own business.
    1 What do you do for a living?
    11 He's employed by our company.
    4 He makes a lot of money.
    3 I'm an employee.
    10 This word is not used often.
    6 She applied for a job.
    8 What is it called in English?
    12 They were fired.

    Už znáte užití koncovky -er - váže se k subjektu, jenž něco činí, např. employer, worker. Podobně funguje u některých sloves koncovka -or např.: translate (přeložit) - translator (překladatel) ap. Všimněte si též koncovky -ee např. u slova employee. Ta se naopak užívá u osoby, která je činnosti podrobena. Např. interviewer (dotazovatel) - interviewee (dotazovaný - u pohovoru ap.).

    Exercise 2

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    3 Bob doesn't work for a British company now.
    2 Mark works on a computer.
    7 I make more money now.
    5 Some workers lost their jobs.
    6 Jack got the job.
    1 Jane works for herself.
    8 John has already found a job.
    4 Less than 50 workers work for the company.

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 The food will go bad.
    • 2 She got fired.
    • 3 I'm getting thirsty.
    • 4 It makes me angry.
    • 5 He got angry.
    • 6 It's not getting better.
    • 7 It's getting cold.
    • 8 He should get used to it.
    • e Měl by si na to zvyknout.
    • f Naštval se.
    • d Nelepší se to.
    • g Dostala padáka.
    • h Štve mě to.
    • c Jídlo se zkazí.
    • b Dostávám žízeň.
    • a Ochlazuje se.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    4 He was often late for work. So he was fired/accepted/employed.
    5 She didn't like her job. She decided to apply/get off/quit.
    6 They were fired last month and they are still employed/jobless/applied.
    10 Our plane takes on/out/off at 10 a.m.
    1 She works like/as/such as a teacher. She teaches English.
    7 He'll be promoted and get a pay rise/loss/raise.
    11 They needed more workers. They took out/for/on new staff.
    8 I'm very tired. I need to take/get/give some sleep.
    2 He applied for a job, but he wasn't taken/received/accepted.
    9 He gets angry very often. It's hard to get by/along/after with him.
    3 He got the job – Oh really? I'm so nice/glad/fine to hear that.

    Nezaměňujte anglické termíny salary, wage a pay. Salary je pravidelný měsíční plat. Wage je mzda (hl. placená od hodiny, týdně ap.). Pay je plat či výplata, tedy vyplácené peníze. Např. pay day je den výplaty ap. Obecný formální termín pro odměnu (či odměňování) za práci je většinou remuneration rɪˌmjuːnəˈreɪʃən.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte správné tvary trpného rodu.

    7 You'll understand. English and French speak there.
    2 The house sell last week.
    4 He left his car there and it steal .
    9 I don't understand it. The messages write in Chinese.
    3 We can't go there. We not invite .
    5 My car has broken down. It needs to repair .
    8 This meat eat cooked.
    10 Over 20 new workers take on last month.
    6 The job pay well . You can make a lot of money.
    1 I don't know its name. What it call ?

    Užitečný obrat s trpným rodem je: be held - konat se (má podobný význam jako nám již známé take place). Např.: A meeting was held. - Konala se schůzka. ap. Hold znamená držet, ale také pořádat či konat. Pozor! Hold je nepravidelné sloveso s tvary: Past tense (PT) - held hεld a Past participle (PP) - held hεld.

    Exercise 6

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    • Řekněte anglicky s použitím částice to. Využijte nápovědu.

    1 Byla překvapená, že mě vidí. surprised
    6 Znám místo, kde se dá skvěle najíst. great place
    9 Měl štěstí, že našel práci. lucky
    3 Byl první, kdo to věděl. first
    4 To rád slyším. glad
    8 Předstírala, že neví. pretend, not
    10 Promiňte, že vás obtěžuji. bother
    5 Je toho tady hodně k vidění. a lot
    2 Očekávám, že nám pomůžete. expect you
    7 Mám jiné věci na práci. other things

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte výroky s přibližně stejným významem.

    • 1 She was fired.
    • 2 She's got a pay rise.
    • 3 He's jobless.
    • 4 She's looking for a job.
    • 5 He's been promoted.
    • 6 She works for herself.
    • 7 He applied for a job.
    • 8 He quit his job.
    • f She's trying to find employment.
    • d She's better paid now.
    • h He's better off now.
    • g She lost her job.
    • e He stopped working there.
    • b She's her own boss.
    • c He sent a job application.
    • a He's unemployed.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte druhou větu tak, aby měla opačný význam než věta první.

    2 The keys were lost. – The keys were .
    7 He bought the car last year. – He the car last year.
    8 My car is repaired. – My car is .
    1 It's getting better. – It's getting .
    5 He's jobless. – He's .
    10 When does the plane land? – When does the plane off?
    3 They hired 5 workers. – They 5 workers.
    9 Can you take me to the airport? – Can you me up at the airport?
    4 They got married. – They got .
    6 She lost her job. – She a new job.

    Exercise 9

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    • Utvořte věty stejného významu pomocí trpného rodu.

    3 She sent the message.
    4 Someone told him to do it.
    6 He promoted her.
    10 Rich people buy these cars.
    9 You can eat it.
    1 They saw her there.
    5 They made him do it.
    12 Nobody ever found it.
    2 Many workers use it.
    13 They hired two employees.
    11 Somebody lost the keys.
    14 Our company employed him.
    8 They gave us some money.
    7 They say that she is beautiful.

    He is wanted. je česky: Hledá ho policie. (zločince ap.). Help wanted. znamená: Přijmeme výpomoc. (brigádníka ap.).

    Exercise 10

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    • Přečtěte a napište celými slovy anglicky.

    7 106
    6 53
    2 3/4
    12 3,650,500
    9 35 - 20 = 15
    11 0.25
    5 32
    4 1/2
    1 2/3
    8 55 + 55 = 110
    3 5/9
    10 27 : 9 = 3

    Exercise 11

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    • Přeložte změny stavu become, get, go, grow, turn. Využijte nápovědu.

    15 Přestává mě to bavit. tired
    14 Začal jsem mít strach. afraid
    3 Opili se. drunk
    8 To jídlo se zkazí. bad
    10 Dostávám žízeň. thirsty
    9 Dostali jsme hlad. hungry
    6 Začíná to být těžké. difficult
    11 Rozčílil se. angry
    2 Na to si zvykneš. used to
    16 Brzy se unavila. tired
    12 Zmokneš. wet
    4 Lepšíš se. better
    7 Proslavila se. famous
    13 Počítač (se) zpomaluje. slow
    1 Stmívá se. dark
    5 Počasí se zhoršilo. worse

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte vhodné slovo.

    8 He didn't send me the money. He me really angry.
    4 He worked a programmer but was fired.
    2 He applied a job, but he wasn't accepted.
    3 We need more staff. We must new employees.
    5 These jobs are not well . You won't make much money.
    10 There was no meeting yesterday. It was called .
    7 John hasn't found a job yet. He is still .
    1 What does he do for a ? – He works as a teacher.
    6 Why did she her job? – Her salary was too low.
    9 It's hard to get along with her. She angry very often.

    Exercise 13

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    • Řekněte podle nápovědy anglicky, co (si) kdo nechal či dal udělat.

    5 we, food, bring to our room
    4 he, fire her
    2 my parents, new house, build
    3 they, room, clean
    1 I, car, repair
    7 he, his jacket, wash
    8 we, the table, make
    6 she, hair, cut

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte. Kde lze, použijte trpný rod.

    15 Prodalo se 1000 aut.
    17 Dostal padáka.
    5 Jak se to nazývá anglicky?
    8 Najali 5 pracovníků.
    16 Musím si ti nechat opravit.
    3 Dělám sám na sebe.
    14 Rezervace byla zrušena.
    11 Vyrábí se tam auta.
    1 Čím se živíte?
    9 Ukradli mu auto.
    4 Byl povýšen.
    12 Dostala padáka.
    10 V Británii se mluví anglicky.
    18 Dvě třetiny z nich dostaly přidáno.
    6 Byli potrestáni.
    2 Pracuji jako účetní.
    7 Jak se to dělá?
    13 Zvykl jsem si na to.

    Sloveso fire (vyhodit z práce) je běžné, ale spíše hovorové. Znamená též mimo jiné vypálit, vystřelit (ze zbraně ap.). Formální termín pro propustit (z práce) je dismiss dɪsˈmɪs. Např. He was dismissed. - Byl propuštěn.