Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    12 They were fired.
    4 He makes a lot of money.
    11 He's employed by our company.
    7 What is meant by that?
    6 She applied for a job.
    8 What is it called in English?
    3 I'm an employee.
    9 The e-mail was sent yesterday.
    10 This word is not used often.
    1 What do you do for a living?
    5 He started his own business.
    2 I work for myself.

    Už znáte užití koncovky -er - váže se k subjektu, jenž něco činí, např. employer, worker. Podobně funguje u některých sloves koncovka -or např.: translate (přeložit) - translator (překladatel) ap. Všimněte si též koncovky -ee např. u slova employee. Ta se naopak užívá u osoby, která je činnosti podrobena. Např. interviewer (dotazovatel) - interviewee (dotazovaný - u pohovoru ap.).

    Exercise 2

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    1 Jane works for herself.
    8 John has already found a job.
    3 Bob doesn't work for a British company now.
    2 Mark works on a computer.
    5 Some workers lost their jobs.
    6 Jack got the job.
    4 Less than 50 workers work for the company.
    7 I make more money now.

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 The food will go bad.
    • 2 She got fired.
    • 3 I'm getting thirsty.
    • 4 It makes me angry.
    • 5 He got angry.
    • 6 It's not getting better.
    • 7 It's getting cold.
    • 8 He should get used to it.
    • d Nelepší se to.
    • e Měl by si na to zvyknout.
    • a Ochlazuje se.
    • f Naštval se.
    • h Štve mě to.
    • c Jídlo se zkazí.
    • g Dostala padáka.
    • b Dostávám žízeň.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    8 I'm very tired. I need to take/get/give some sleep.
    11 They needed more workers. They took out/for/on new staff.
    10 Our plane takes on/out/off at 10 a.m.
    6 They were fired last month and they are still employed/jobless/applied.
    9 He gets angry very often. It's hard to get by/along/after with him.
    7 He'll be promoted and get a pay rise/loss/raise.
    4 He was often late for work. So he was fired/accepted/employed.
    5 She didn't like her job. She decided to apply/get off/quit.
    3 He got the job – Oh really? I'm so nice/glad/fine to hear that.
    1 She works like/as/such as a teacher. She teaches English.
    2 He applied for a job, but he wasn't taken/received/accepted.

    Nezaměňujte anglické termíny salary, wage a pay. Salary je pravidelný měsíční plat. Wage je mzda (hl. placená od hodiny, týdně ap.). Pay je plat či výplata, tedy vyplácené peníze. Např. pay day je den výplaty ap. Obecný formální termín pro odměnu (či odměňování) za práci je většinou remuneration rɪˌmjuːnəˈreɪʃən.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte správné tvary trpného rodu.

    3 We can't go there. We not invite .
    9 I don't understand it. The messages write in Chinese.
    5 My car has broken down. It needs to repair .
    4 He left his car there and it steal .
    1 I don't know its name. What it call ?
    6 The job pay well . You can make a lot of money.
    2 The house sell last week.
    7 You'll understand. English and French speak there.
    10 Over 20 new workers take on last month.
    8 This meat eat cooked.

    Užitečný obrat s trpným rodem je: be held - konat se (má podobný význam jako nám již známé take place). Např.: A meeting was held. - Konala se schůzka. ap. Hold znamená držet, ale také pořádat či konat. Pozor! Hold je nepravidelné sloveso s tvary: Past tense (PT) - held hεld a Past participle (PP) - held hεld.

    Exercise 6

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    • Řekněte anglicky s použitím částice to. Využijte nápovědu.

    8 Předstírala, že neví. pretend, not
    2 Očekávám, že nám pomůžete. expect you
    5 Je toho tady hodně k vidění. a lot
    1 Byla překvapená, že mě vidí. surprised
    3 Byl první, kdo to věděl. first
    10 Promiňte, že vás obtěžuji. bother
    6 Znám místo, kde se dá skvěle najíst. great place
    9 Měl štěstí, že našel práci. lucky
    4 To rád slyším. glad
    7 Mám jiné věci na práci. other things

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte výroky s přibližně stejným významem.

    • 1 She was fired.
    • 2 She's got a pay rise.
    • 3 He's jobless.
    • 4 She's looking for a job.
    • 5 He's been promoted.
    • 6 She works for herself.
    • 7 He applied for a job.
    • 8 He quit his job.
    • e He stopped working there.
    • g She lost her job.
    • d She's better paid now.
    • h He's better off now.
    • f She's trying to find employment.
    • b She's her own boss.
    • c He sent a job application.
    • a He's unemployed.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte druhou větu tak, aby měla opačný význam než věta první.

    1 It's getting better. – It's getting .
    6 She lost her job. – She a new job.
    5 He's jobless. – He's .
    4 They got married. – They got .
    8 My car is repaired. – My car is .
    9 Can you take me to the airport? – Can you me up at the airport?
    10 When does the plane land? – When does the plane off?
    2 The keys were lost. – The keys were .
    7 He bought the car last year. – He the car last year.
    3 They hired 5 workers. – They 5 workers.

    Exercise 9

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    • Utvořte věty stejného významu pomocí trpného rodu.

    12 Nobody ever found it.
    5 They made him do it.
    9 You can eat it.
    4 Someone told him to do it.
    2 Many workers use it.
    8 They gave us some money.
    14 Our company employed him.
    1 They saw her there.
    11 Somebody lost the keys.
    3 She sent the message.
    7 They say that she is beautiful.
    10 Rich people buy these cars.
    6 He promoted her.
    13 They hired two employees.

    He is wanted. je česky: Hledá ho policie. (zločince ap.). Help wanted. znamená: Přijmeme výpomoc. (brigádníka ap.).

    Exercise 10

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    • Přečtěte a napište celými slovy anglicky.

    3 5/9
    5 32
    2 3/4
    1 2/3
    11 0.25
    12 3,650,500
    10 27 : 9 = 3
    6 53
    4 1/2
    9 35 - 20 = 15
    7 106
    8 55 + 55 = 110

    Exercise 11

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    • Přeložte změny stavu become, get, go, grow, turn. Využijte nápovědu.

    11 Rozčílil se. angry
    14 Začal jsem mít strach. afraid
    15 Přestává mě to bavit. tired
    5 Počasí se zhoršilo. worse
    2 Na to si zvykneš. used to
    6 Začíná to být těžké. difficult
    16 Brzy se unavila. tired
    12 Zmokneš. wet
    13 Počítač (se) zpomaluje. slow
    10 Dostávám žízeň. thirsty
    8 To jídlo se zkazí. bad
    9 Dostali jsme hlad. hungry
    1 Stmívá se. dark
    7 Proslavila se. famous
    3 Opili se. drunk
    4 Lepšíš se. better

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte vhodné slovo.

    4 He worked a programmer but was fired.
    1 What does he do for a ? – He works as a teacher.
    2 He applied a job, but he wasn't accepted.
    10 There was no meeting yesterday. It was called .
    8 He didn't send me the money. He me really angry.
    9 It's hard to get along with her. She angry very often.
    7 John hasn't found a job yet. He is still .
    6 Why did she her job? – Her salary was too low.
    3 We need more staff. We must new employees.
    5 These jobs are not well . You won't make much money.

    Exercise 13

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    • Řekněte podle nápovědy anglicky, co (si) kdo nechal či dal udělat.

    8 we, the table, make
    1 I, car, repair
    5 we, food, bring to our room
    6 she, hair, cut
    3 they, room, clean
    7 he, his jacket, wash
    4 he, fire her
    2 my parents, new house, build

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte. Kde lze, použijte trpný rod.

    10 V Británii se mluví anglicky.
    5 Jak se to nazývá anglicky?
    12 Dostala padáka.
    9 Ukradli mu auto.
    15 Prodalo se 1000 aut.
    3 Dělám sám na sebe.
    16 Musím si ti nechat opravit.
    18 Dvě třetiny z nich dostaly přidáno.
    2 Pracuji jako účetní.
    13 Zvykl jsem si na to.
    14 Rezervace byla zrušena.
    17 Dostal padáka.
    11 Vyrábí se tam auta.
    4 Byl povýšen.
    7 Jak se to dělá?
    8 Najali 5 pracovníků.
    6 Byli potrestáni.
    1 Čím se živíte?

    Sloveso fire (vyhodit z práce) je běžné, ale spíše hovorové. Znamená též mimo jiné vypálit, vystřelit (ze zbraně ap.). Formální termín pro propustit (z práce) je dismiss dɪsˈmɪs. Např. He was dismissed. - Byl propuštěn.