Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    2 I work for myself.
    5 He started his own business.
    3 I'm an employee.
    4 He makes a lot of money.
    8 What is it called in English?
    9 The e-mail was sent yesterday.
    12 They were fired.
    6 She applied for a job.
    1 What do you do for a living?
    11 He's employed by our company.
    10 This word is not used often.
    7 What is meant by that?

    Už znáte užití koncovky -er - váže se k subjektu, jenž něco činí, např. employer, worker. Podobně funguje u některých sloves koncovka -or např.: translate (přeložit) - translator (překladatel) ap. Všimněte si též koncovky -ee např. u slova employee. Ta se naopak užívá u osoby, která je činnosti podrobena. Např. interviewer (dotazovatel) - interviewee (dotazovaný - u pohovoru ap.).

    Exercise 2

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    2 Mark works on a computer.
    3 Bob doesn't work for a British company now.
    7 I make more money now.
    5 Some workers lost their jobs.
    8 John has already found a job.
    4 Less than 50 workers work for the company.
    6 Jack got the job.
    1 Jane works for herself.

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 The food will go bad.
    • 2 She got fired.
    • 3 I'm getting thirsty.
    • 4 It makes me angry.
    • 5 He got angry.
    • 6 It's not getting better.
    • 7 It's getting cold.
    • 8 He should get used to it.
    • f Naštval se.
    • g Dostala padáka.
    • e Měl by si na to zvyknout.
    • h Štve mě to.
    • d Nelepší se to.
    • a Ochlazuje se.
    • c Jídlo se zkazí.
    • b Dostávám žízeň.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    10 Our plane takes on/out/off at 10 a.m.
    4 He was often late for work. So he was fired/accepted/employed.
    7 He'll be promoted and get a pay rise/loss/raise.
    3 He got the job – Oh really? I'm so nice/glad/fine to hear that.
    9 He gets angry very often. It's hard to get by/along/after with him.
    5 She didn't like her job. She decided to apply/get off/quit.
    8 I'm very tired. I need to take/get/give some sleep.
    11 They needed more workers. They took out/for/on new staff.
    6 They were fired last month and they are still employed/jobless/applied.
    2 He applied for a job, but he wasn't taken/received/accepted.
    1 She works like/as/such as a teacher. She teaches English.

    Nezaměňujte anglické termíny salary, wage a pay. Salary je pravidelný měsíční plat. Wage je mzda (hl. placená od hodiny, týdně ap.). Pay je plat či výplata, tedy vyplácené peníze. Např. pay day je den výplaty ap. Obecný formální termín pro odměnu (či odměňování) za práci je většinou remuneration rɪˌmjuːnəˈreɪʃən.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte správné tvary trpného rodu.

    4 He left his car there and it steal .
    7 You'll understand. English and French speak there.
    5 My car has broken down. It needs to repair .
    1 I don't know its name. What it call ?
    3 We can't go there. We not invite .
    8 This meat eat cooked.
    2 The house sell last week.
    6 The job pay well . You can make a lot of money.
    10 Over 20 new workers take on last month.
    9 I don't understand it. The messages write in Chinese.

    Užitečný obrat s trpným rodem je: be held - konat se (má podobný význam jako nám již známé take place). Např.: A meeting was held. - Konala se schůzka. ap. Hold znamená držet, ale také pořádat či konat. Pozor! Hold je nepravidelné sloveso s tvary: Past tense (PT) - held hεld a Past participle (PP) - held hεld.

    Exercise 6

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    • Řekněte anglicky s použitím částice to. Využijte nápovědu.

    3 Byl první, kdo to věděl. first
    7 Mám jiné věci na práci. other things
    4 To rád slyším. glad
    2 Očekávám, že nám pomůžete. expect you
    1 Byla překvapená, že mě vidí. surprised
    6 Znám místo, kde se dá skvěle najíst. great place
    9 Měl štěstí, že našel práci. lucky
    5 Je toho tady hodně k vidění. a lot
    10 Promiňte, že vás obtěžuji. bother
    8 Předstírala, že neví. pretend, not

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte výroky s přibližně stejným významem.

    • 1 She was fired.
    • 2 She's got a pay rise.
    • 3 He's jobless.
    • 4 She's looking for a job.
    • 5 He's been promoted.
    • 6 She works for herself.
    • 7 He applied for a job.
    • 8 He quit his job.
    • a He's unemployed.
    • e He stopped working there.
    • d She's better paid now.
    • c He sent a job application.
    • g She lost her job.
    • b She's her own boss.
    • h He's better off now.
    • f She's trying to find employment.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte druhou větu tak, aby měla opačný význam než věta první.

    10 When does the plane land? – When does the plane off?
    8 My car is repaired. – My car is .
    2 The keys were lost. – The keys were .
    1 It's getting better. – It's getting .
    9 Can you take me to the airport? – Can you me up at the airport?
    3 They hired 5 workers. – They 5 workers.
    4 They got married. – They got .
    5 He's jobless. – He's .
    6 She lost her job. – She a new job.
    7 He bought the car last year. – He the car last year.

    Exercise 9

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    • Utvořte věty stejného významu pomocí trpného rodu.

    7 They say that she is beautiful.
    5 They made him do it.
    2 Many workers use it.
    12 Nobody ever found it.
    10 Rich people buy these cars.
    11 Somebody lost the keys.
    8 They gave us some money.
    9 You can eat it.
    14 Our company employed him.
    4 Someone told him to do it.
    3 She sent the message.
    13 They hired two employees.
    1 They saw her there.
    6 He promoted her.

    He is wanted. je česky: Hledá ho policie. (zločince ap.). Help wanted. znamená: Přijmeme výpomoc. (brigádníka ap.).

    Exercise 10

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    • Přečtěte a napište celými slovy anglicky.

    6 53
    12 3,650,500
    2 3/4
    1 2/3
    4 1/2
    5 32
    9 35 - 20 = 15
    8 55 + 55 = 110
    3 5/9
    10 27 : 9 = 3
    7 106
    11 0.25

    Exercise 11

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    • Přeložte změny stavu become, get, go, grow, turn. Využijte nápovědu.

    3 Opili se. drunk
    4 Lepšíš se. better
    16 Brzy se unavila. tired
    13 Počítač (se) zpomaluje. slow
    8 To jídlo se zkazí. bad
    10 Dostávám žízeň. thirsty
    11 Rozčílil se. angry
    2 Na to si zvykneš. used to
    6 Začíná to být těžké. difficult
    9 Dostali jsme hlad. hungry
    14 Začal jsem mít strach. afraid
    7 Proslavila se. famous
    15 Přestává mě to bavit. tired
    5 Počasí se zhoršilo. worse
    12 Zmokneš. wet
    1 Stmívá se. dark

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte vhodné slovo.

    8 He didn't send me the money. He me really angry.
    3 We need more staff. We must new employees.
    5 These jobs are not well . You won't make much money.
    4 He worked a programmer but was fired.
    9 It's hard to get along with her. She angry very often.
    10 There was no meeting yesterday. It was called .
    7 John hasn't found a job yet. He is still .
    2 He applied a job, but he wasn't accepted.
    6 Why did she her job? – Her salary was too low.
    1 What does he do for a ? – He works as a teacher.

    Exercise 13

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    • Řekněte podle nápovědy anglicky, co (si) kdo nechal či dal udělat.

    3 they, room, clean
    7 he, his jacket, wash
    1 I, car, repair
    2 my parents, new house, build
    8 we, the table, make
    4 he, fire her
    5 we, food, bring to our room
    6 she, hair, cut

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte. Kde lze, použijte trpný rod.

    10 V Británii se mluví anglicky.
    18 Dvě třetiny z nich dostaly přidáno.
    7 Jak se to dělá?
    15 Prodalo se 1000 aut.
    8 Najali 5 pracovníků.
    14 Rezervace byla zrušena.
    11 Vyrábí se tam auta.
    5 Jak se to nazývá anglicky?
    2 Pracuji jako účetní.
    1 Čím se živíte?
    3 Dělám sám na sebe.
    17 Dostal padáka.
    6 Byli potrestáni.
    13 Zvykl jsem si na to.
    12 Dostala padáka.
    16 Musím si ti nechat opravit.
    4 Byl povýšen.
    9 Ukradli mu auto.

    Sloveso fire (vyhodit z práce) je běžné, ale spíše hovorové. Znamená též mimo jiné vypálit, vystřelit (ze zbraně ap.). Formální termín pro propustit (z práce) je dismiss dɪsˈmɪs. Např. He was dismissed. - Byl propuštěn.