Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    7 She attends a language course.
    5 I hope I will be admitted.
    8 It takes a lot of studying.
    1 Where did you go to school?
    2 She didn't get into college.
    12 He might know.
    4 She got a C in math.
    9 He got a university degree.
    13 You may know her.
    6 Did you pass the exam?
    10 I was educated at Trinity College.
    3 He failed the exam.
    11 What will he do after graduating?

    Course book je učebnice do jazykového kurzu (course kɔːs - kurz).

    Exercise 2

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    • Označte podle úvodního článku, co je pravda (true) a nepravda (false).

    2 He's a junior in high school.
    8 Mark's elder brother wants to become a doctor.
    7 Mark doesn't want to take out a student loan.
    5 Mark would like to apply to college.
    4 Mark himself has experienced bullying at school.
    3 Mark has two siblings, a younger one and an older one.
    1 Mark has already graduated from high school.
    6 Mark's parents are rich enough to pay for his college studies.

    Experience ve významu zkušenosti, praxe nemá množné číslo. Např.: No experience required. - Nevyžadujeme praxi. Ve významu zážitek se ale v množném čísle vyskytuje. Např.: He shared his experiences. - Podělil se o své zážitky.

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 Vzal si studentský úvěr.
    • 2 V kolikátém je ročníku?
    • 3 Udělal tu zkoušku?
    • 4 Dobře se učí.
    • 5 Nebude půjčku moci splatit.
    • 6 Odešel ze školy.
    • 7 Studuje práva.
    • g What grade is he in?
    • c He dropped out of school.
    • b He won't be able to repay the loan.
    • e He's studying to be a lawyer.
    • a Did he pass the exam?
    • f He's doing well at school.
    • d He took out a student loan.

    V USA se studenti dle ročníků běžně nazývají: freshman ˈfrεʃmən (prvák), sophomore ˈsɒfəˌmɔː (druhák), junior ˈdʒuːnjə (třeťák) a senior ˈsiːnjə (čtvrťák).

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    7 He has many friends among/between/inside his schoolmates.
    2 When do you take/pass/get the exam?
    5 When is he going to graduate out of/from/off university?
    4 He had to take in/for/out a student loan.
    8 If I don't get into college I'll be made/done/forced to work.
    1 He wasn't let/allowed/admitted to college.
    3 I asked/applied/called to university.
    6 They can't help/pass/afford to pay for his studies.

    Exercise 5

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    • Převeďte věty do trpného rodu v čase uvedeném v nápovědě.

    1 He was forced to take out a loan. present
    8 He will be fired if he does that. second conditional
    2 The car was sold. future
    6 It isn't used. present perfect
    4 Their car is stolen. present perfect
    5 No houses are built. future
    7 Cars are made here. present continuous
    3 She is fired. past, future

    Exercise 6

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 She's still a baby.
    • 2 How old is the house?
    • 3 She's been fired.
    • 4 Did he get into college?
    • 5 Is he still alive?
    • 6 Where's your car?
    • 7 Do you like my jacket?
    • 8 He did a very bad thing.
    • e She's jobless now.
    • a No, he wasn't admitted.
    • h It's being repaired.
    • c No, he's dead. He was killed.
    • b She must be looked after.
    • f It was made in Paris.
    • g He should be punished.
    • d It was built in 1965.

    Zapamatujte si užitečný obrat s trpným rodem: I've been told that ... - Bylo mi řečeno, že... nebo I've been told to ... - Bylo mi řečeno, abych...

    Exercise 7

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    • Napište infinitivy sloves, která uslyšíte ve větách v trpném rodě.

    5
    1
    9
    7
    3
    2
    6
    10
    8
    4

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte druhé věty pomocí trpného rodu tak, aby měly stejný význam.

    2 Nobody has used it yet. - It hasn't yet.
    9 You can find all information at: - All information at:
    5 They will send two people there. - Two people there.
    3 They should promote him for that. - He for that.
    7 All the workers would do it. - It by all the workers.
    8 Many people have read it. - It by many people.
    1 We will inform you in time. - You in time.
    4 They make great wine in Italy. - Great wine in Italy.
    6 You must eat it fresh. - It must fresh.

    Exercise 9

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    5 Nobody's watching TV. I'll turn it in/off/away.
    2 He's very strong. He keeps/works/puts out every day.
    8 I can't go on. I have given on/down/up.
    4 We must hurry. We are running/going/carrying out of time.
    7 She's very old and must be looked/taken/given after.
    3 It's a long way. We must let/set/take out early tomorrow.
    1 I don't know, but I will find on/in/out.
    6 It's not known who brought/carried/worked out the attack.

    Exercise 10

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    • Přeložte pomocí trpného rodu. Využijte nápovědu.

    8 Byli bychom nuceni to vzdát.
    force, give up
    7 Bylo mi řečeno, abych počkal.
    tell
    4 Je možné to vidět v Londýně.
    see
    2 Měl by dostat víc času.
    give
    3 Vychovala ji babička.
    bring up
    5 Schůzka byla zrušena. (předpřítomný čas)
    meeting, cancel
    6 Zpráva ještě nebyla odeslána.
    message, send
    1 Bude to zaplaceno za týden.
    pay

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy. Kde lze, použijte gerundium.

    9 When do you take a shower? before go to bed
    1 What is she good at? sing
    3 What do they complain about? have no money
    4 What are they looking forward to? go on holiday
    2 What is he afraid of? lose his job
    8 When will she come? after finish her work
    5 What is he interested in? buy that house
    7 How did he become rich? by, work hard
    6 What did he thank you for? help him

    Thank you for having me. je obrat, který lze volně přeložit jako “Díky za pozvání.” Můžete jej slyšet od hosta po návštěvě, v televizní debatě ap.

    Exercise 12

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky. Všímejte si způsobů překládání slovesa mít.

    • 1 Co mám dělat?
    • 2 Má přijet za hodinu.
    • 3 Měl by jí pomoct.
    • 4 Mám mu to říct?
    • 5 Měl by víc peněz.
    • 6 Neměl jsem na to čas.
    • 7 Neměl odpovídat.
    • 8 Nemělo by to být moc drahé.
    • f He should help her.
    • h He is to arrive in an hour.
    • b Shall I tell him?
    • e I didn't have time for that.
    • a He'd have more money.
    • d What am I supposed to do?
    • c He wasn't supposed to reply.
    • g It shouldn't be too expensive.

    Infinitivní obrat: To be continued ... znamená: Pokračování příště.

    Exercise 13

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    • Vyberte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    10 Have they arrived still/yet/now?
    7 It'll be better next time/times/one.
    9 It's hard for me sometime/sometimes/some day.
    2 I've known her from/since/for a long time.
    6 I've been there many time/more/times.
    3 We haven't met since/from/until then.
    1 He hasn't come still/yet/already.
    11 He was here an hour since/ago/before.
    5 I haven't seen her last/recently/at present.
    8 She isn't here at/in/on the moment. She's left already/still/just.
    4 I'll do it as soon as ready/possible/already.

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte časové věty. Využijte nápovědu.

    3 Počkáme, dokud se nevrátíš. until, come back
    5 Postarám se o děti, když bude Jane pryč. while
    4 Zavolám ti, až to dokončím. after
    2 Dám ti vědět, až Mark přijde. when
    8 Dokud bude pršet, zůstaneme doma. as long as
    6 Měl bys být zdvořilý, když o něco žádáš. when
    7 Řeknu mu to hned, jak zavolá. as soon as
    1 Zavolej mi, než odejdeš. before

    Obrat as we speak se užívá v přímé řeči jako: právě teď o právě probíhající činnosti. Např. They are working on it as we speak. - Právě teď na tom pracují. Spojka as se užívá i ve významu když, jak(mile). Např.: As we get older ... - Jak stárneme..., They started as I got there. - Začali hned, jak jsem tam dorazil.

    Exercise 15

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    • Doplňte vhodné vztažné spojky.

    9 The children go to that school are not local.
    6 They had to buy a new one, cost them 10 000 pounds.
    5 That's the woman asked me about you.
    12 The school I study is very old.
    7 They were introduced by a friend knows them both.
    4 He's the man wife has died.
    11 What's the name of the author wrote that book?
    13 There are students are afraid of their schoolmates.
    10 Did you read the e-mail I sent you yesterday?
    8 They've informed the man car was stolen.
    3 What's the colour of the car he bought?
    2 They live in Ipswich is in East England.
    1 My brother, lives in our house, is still single.

    Slovo schoolmate je spolužák ze stejné školy (ne nutně třídy). Spolužák z téže třídy je classmate (class + mate). Koncovka -mate se užívá za podstatným jménem k vyjádření osoby, která něco sdílí s jinou osobou. Např. roommate - spolubydlící (z téhož pokoje - room), flatmate - spolubydlící (z téhož bytu - flat) ap.

    Exercise 16

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    • Utvořte možné doplňovací otázky (WH questions) k následujícím odpovědím.

    6 Nobody saw me.
    9 We'll meet at the station.
    11 John's car was stolen.
    7 I told Jack about it.
    1 I want nothing from you.
    4 Nobody asked me about it.
    8 I'm meeting Bob and Frank.
    3 I'll be back in an hour.
    5 I saw Jane.
    2 Paul helped me do it.
    10 We need 200 more.
    12 It was caused by bad weather.

    Exercise 17

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    • Řekněte anglicky.

    9 Kdy jsi ho naposledy viděl?
    14 Mají přijít za hodinu.
    12 Bude povýšena.
    2 Chodil jsem do jazykového kurzu.
    1 Kam jsi chodil do školy?
    11 Budu nucen najít si jinou práci.
    13 Měl by dostat padáka.
    4 Hlásila se na vysokou.
    3 Udělal tu zkoušku?
    16 Dávej pozor! (co děláš)
    7 Dostal trojku z angličtiny.
    8 Teď tady zrovna není. (on)
    6 Brzy bude maturovat.
    5 Nedostal se na vysokou.
    10 Přijďte k nám někdy. (na návštěvu)
    15 Jak to mám vědět?

    Mathematics se hovorově řekne maths mæθs a v americké angličtině math mæθ.