Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    9 They fell in love at first sight.
    7 We'll be repaying it for 20 years.
    14 Can you describe it in more detail?
    13 I'll give you a tour of the house.
    6 We had to take out a mortgage.
    4 They live in downtown Chicago.
    12 We moved in recently.
    10 Our landlord increased the rent.
    1 Do you rent or own your home?
    2 How long have you lived here?
    3 We used to live outside the city.
    15 We'll have a barbecue in the backyard.
    8 They spent a lot of money on furniture.
    5 We don't have enough savings to buy a house.
    11 The rent went up by 30 per cent.

    Rooms to rent jsou pokoje k pronájmu a House for sale je dům na prodej.

    Exercise 2

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    • Odpovězte na otázky podle úvodních článků.

    8 Which room in the Johnsons' house has a balcony?
    4 How long has Mrs Johnson been married to Mr Johnson?
    7 Did the Johnsons live together before their marriage?
    9 Do the Johnsons want to have more children?
    2 How much has the landlord increased the rent?
    10 Does Mrs Johnson like cooking?
    5 Did the Johnsons keep their old downtown apartment?
    3 Is it true that the Johnsons are both American by birth?
    1 How many miles does he travel to work and back every day?
    6 How many cars can be parked in their garage?

    Běžný idiom keep up with the Joneses lze přeložit jako “držet krok s ostatními”, nebo “nenechat se zahanbit sousedy”, tedy snažit se mít za každou cenu všechno to, co mají i lidé kolem. Fráze keep up with znamená držet krok s či stačit (komu).

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 I'm really bad at DIY.
    • 2 Is there an attic in your house?
    • 3 Do you have kids?
    • 4 Do you rent or own?
    • 5 I don't commute.
    • 6 We don't have enough savings.
    • 7 How long have you lived here?
    • 8 What does it look like?
    • f We moved in only recently.
    • b I work from home.
    • h No, but we have a large basement.
    • d We'll have to take out a mortgage.
    • g Can you describe it to me?
    • a We have a flat of our own.
    • e No, but we want to start a family.
    • c I can't repair anything.

    Zkratka DIY pochází ze spojení do-it-yourself (udělej to sám). Může fungovat i jako přídavné jméno. Např.: DIY man je kutil, DIY shop je prodejna pro kutily ap.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    5 I'm afraid our bus is late. - No, it's on/at/in schedule.
    10 Are you coming to the party? - No, I'm not in the sight/mood/case for it.
    4 They saved him at/of/from being homeless.
    6 I know that for true/sure/hard. I heard him saying that.
    9 I paid 37 dollars instead of 31. They exchanged/overcharged/tipped me.
    7 I can't go there tonight. Can you go there instead at/in/of me?
    3 There was no one else with him. He was all in/on/by himself.
    1 I didn't plan on meeting him. We met of/by/in accident.
    2 We didn't get anything in/on/at return for our help.
    8 They don't have their own home. They live in suburbs/utilities/lodgings.

    We have people coming over. znamená: Má k nám někdo přijít., Budeme mít návštěvu. ap. My friends are coming over. - Přijdou ke mně kamarádi.

    Exercise 5

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    1 There's no front yard at the Johnsons' house.
    5 They'll be repaying their mortgage for more than 15 years.
    3 The home prices are higher now than they were 5 years ago.
    8 Up to eight people can eat in the kitchen.
    4 The Johnsons already have two kids.
    7 Guests can sleep on the second floor of their house.
    6 They bought a house which they liked at first sight.
    2 Mr Johnson is quite good at DIY.

    Exercise 6

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    • Doplňte chybějící část překladu.

    5 Potřebuji vlastní pokoj. I need a room of my .
    4 Máme prostorný obývák. We have a spacious room.
    6 Pracuji na půl úvazku z domu. I work from home.
    3 Bydlel jsem v podnájmu. I lived in .
    8 Rádi by založili rodinu. They'd like to a family.
    7 Je to třípokojový byt. It's a flat.
    2 Majitel zvýšil nájem. The landlord has the rent.
    1 Bydlíme v nájmu v malém bytě. We a small flat.

    Start znamená česky nejen začít, ale také něco založit nebo rozjet. Např.: start a business - rozjet podnikání, He started a company. - Založil firmu. ap.

    Exercise 7

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    • Přepište věty pomocí stažených tvarů.

    3 He is really sorry. - really sorry.
    5 They had been there before. - been there before.
    7 I cannot tell you. He would be angry. - I tell you. be angry.
    6 You had better go now. - better go now.
    1 How is your family? - your family?
    9 I would have come but I could not. - I come but I .
    8 I would love to see it. - love to see it.
    2 How has he been doing? - he been doing?
    4 He has done a bad thing. - done a bad thing.

    Exercise 8

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    • Vyberte vhodná slova.

    3 How do you deal of/after/with commuting and traffic jams?
    2 It can be very dangerous. You should be careless/cared/careful.
    6 I had it repaired. - How much did they cost/charge/price you for that?
    5 I'm sorry for not had/have/having replied before.
    1 I can't do anything. I'm powerless/powerful/powering.
    11 A one-room flat is usually called a lounge/studio/living apartment in American English.
    9 He has to go in/on/by car. He feels sick when travelling in/by/on the bus.
    7 It must have cost/costed/costing a lot of money.
    8 You should book the tickets on/at/in advance.
    4 We love water. We had a fence/lounge/pool built behind the house.
    10 Take the underground if you don't want to be stuck in a traffic ham/jam/yard.

    Be stuck znamená vězet (nemoci pryč). Get stuck (změna stavu) je potom česky zůstat vězet/trčet. Např.: I got stuck in jam. - Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.

    Exercise 9

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    • Spojte výroky, které znamenají přibližně totéž.

    • 1 She's downstairs.
    • 2 She loves cooking.
    • 3 They don't live here anymore.
    • 4 Utility costs have gone up.
    • 5 Someone has to do it.
    • 6 They took out a mortgage.
    • 7 They live in lodgings.
    • 8 There's no garage in my house.
    • h They've moved to another city.
    • g She's on the ground floor.
    • f She's in the kitchen all the time.
    • a They borrowed money from a bank.
    • c They pay for living in that room.
    • e It's more expensive to use the flat now.
    • d It needs to be done.
    • b I have to park my car outside.

    Pozor! Půjčit něco někomu je lend (something to somebody), ale (vy)půjčit si něco od někoho je borrow (something from somebody). Např.: Can you lend me your car? - Můžeš mi půjčit auto? ALE Can I borrow your car? - Mohu si vypůjčit tvé auto? Sloveso lend je nepravidelné: lent (PT) - lent (PP).

    Exercise 10

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    • Převeďte věty do času budoucího průběhového. Všímejte si analogií časů.

    7 We were eating out.
    1 I'll wait there.
    8 What were you wearing?
    9 Who's looking after them?
    2 We were watching him.
    3 Who will do that?
    6 I'm feeling tired.
    4 I won't stay.
    5 I was working on it.
    10 I've been watching you.

    Exercise 11

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící slova.

    3 He's in the now taking a shower.
    4 There's a high white around our back yard.
    5 I'm really glad to seen you.
    8 There's a lot of for storing things in the basement.
    1 He been watching TV since morning.
    7 There's a fireplace and a TV in the room downstairs.
    6 We have a big dining table. It can be used by to 8 people.
    2 There's a in our house because we like to sit by the fire.
    9 There'll be a double for me and my husband in the bedroom.

    Pozor na rozdílné termíny: double bed - manželská postel (dvojlůžko) ALE twin bed jsou dvě samostatná lůžka (na hotelovém pokoji ap.) Twin twɪn je česky dvojče.

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slov z nápovědy.

    7 I'm glad to have see it.
    4 We've own the house for some 10 years.
    8 She's be married to him for 10 years.
    5 He's been read it for hours.
    3 I'd help her right now if she ask me.
    6 We didn't have money so we have to take out a mortgage.
    2 I'd speak with him it before she arrived.
    1 You should've call me yesterday.

    Exercise 13

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    13 Naúčtovali mi víc. (při placení)
    overcharge
    3 Nechali si postavit bazén.
    pool
    2 Dole (v přízemí) je velký obývák.
    living room
    4 Utratili všechny své úspory.
    savings
    1 Kolem zahrady je vysoký plot.
    fence
    6 Budou vás očekávat.
    expect
    10 Nechali si postavit zbrusu nový dům.
    brand-new
    7 Bydlí v nájmu v třípokojovém bytě.
    two-bedroom flat
    5 Rádi sedí u krbu.
    fireplace
    9 Potřebují vlastní bydlení.
    home
    11 Provedu vás po domě.
    give, tour
    12 Je skoro nemožné najít dostupné bydlení.
    affordable
    8 Domácí zvýšil nájem o 10 procent.
    increase

    Realtor je v americké angličtině realitní makléř či přeneseně realitka. Např. We sold our home through a realtor. - Prodali jsme dům přes realitku. V Británii se užívá spíše termín estate agent ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənt resp. estate agency ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənsɪ.

    Exercise 14

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    • Přepište věty z britské do americké angličtiny.

    11 What's on at the cinema?
    1 The bill please!
    7 I've bought new trousers.
    4 I'll have chips.
    6 We live on the second floor.
    2 I've run out of petrol.
    10 I left it in the boot of my car.
    5 We'll watch a film.
    9 I live in a block of flats.
    12 He was hit by a lorry.
    8 We'll take the underground.
    3 I'm hungry, mum!

    Obrat: be hit by se běžně užívá, když někoho srazí vozidlo ap. Např.: She was hit by a passing car. - Srazilo ji projíždějící auto.

    Exercise 15

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    • Doplňte věty tak, aby měly opačný význam. Kde lze, použijte odvozování pomocí předpon a přípon.

    4 They were careful. - They were .
    1 She has children. - She's .
    6 Their names are known. - Their names are .
    2 They have a home. - They're .
    9 He became a waiter. - She became a .
    10 We met three Englishmen. - We met three .
    7 He's powerful. - He's .
    8 She's female. - He's .
    5 It'll be painful. - It'll be .
    3 She looked happy. - She looked .

    Neighbourhood ˈneɪbəˌhʊd lze přeložit jako sousedství, ale je to v podstatě i čtvrť nebo část města, kde někdo bydlí. Např. in our neighbourhood - tam u nás (kde bydlíme.) Pravopis v americké angličtině je neighborhood stejně jako u slova neighbour - (v americké angličtině) neighbor ap.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přeložte.

    4 Každý den dojíždím do práce.
    14 Udělal jsem to omylem.
    8 To rád slyším.
    15 Potkali jsme se náhodou.
    7 Stěhujeme se do jiného města.
    16 Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.
    9 Bydlím tady už 5 let.
    5 Vzali jsme si hypotéku.
    18 Měl jsi mi to říct.
    17 Musel o tom vědět.
    2 Bydlí teď mimo město.
    6 Budu nahoře. (v patře)
    10 Bude muset bydlet v podnájmu.
    3 Splnili jsme si svůj sen.
    11 Byla to láska na první pohled.
    12 Srazilo ho auto.
    1 Přestěhovali se do nového domu.
    13 Víte to jistě?

    Termín landlord (land - zem + lord - pán) se obecně užívá pro majitele nemovitosti, který ji pronajímá. Ale pozor! Žena majitelka je landlady ˈlændˌleɪdɪ. Nájemník je anglicky tenant ˈtεnənt. Nájem jako smluvní vztah je lease liːs.

    Sunbathe (opalovat se) je v angličtině v podstatě doslova “koupat se ve slunci” nebo “brát sluneční lázeň”: sun (slunce) + bathe beɪð (koupat se).