Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    14 Can you describe it in more detail?
    7 We'll be repaying it for 20 years.
    4 They live in downtown Chicago.
    2 How long have you lived here?
    12 We moved in recently.
    9 They fell in love at first sight.
    11 The rent went up by 30 per cent.
    15 We'll have a barbecue in the backyard.
    8 They spent a lot of money on furniture.
    1 Do you rent or own your home?
    10 Our landlord increased the rent.
    5 We don't have enough savings to buy a house.
    3 We used to live outside the city.
    13 I'll give you a tour of the house.
    6 We had to take out a mortgage.

    Rooms to rent jsou pokoje k pronájmu a House for sale je dům na prodej.

    Exercise 2

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    • Odpovězte na otázky podle úvodních článků.

    6 How many cars can be parked in their garage?
    2 How much has the landlord increased the rent?
    3 Is it true that the Johnsons are both American by birth?
    9 Do the Johnsons want to have more children?
    5 Did the Johnsons keep their old downtown apartment?
    7 Did the Johnsons live together before their marriage?
    4 How long has Mrs Johnson been married to Mr Johnson?
    8 Which room in the Johnsons' house has a balcony?
    1 How many miles does he travel to work and back every day?
    10 Does Mrs Johnson like cooking?

    Běžný idiom keep up with the Joneses lze přeložit jako “držet krok s ostatními”, nebo “nenechat se zahanbit sousedy”, tedy snažit se mít za každou cenu všechno to, co mají i lidé kolem. Fráze keep up with znamená držet krok s či stačit (komu).

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 I'm really bad at DIY.
    • 2 Is there an attic in your house?
    • 3 Do you have kids?
    • 4 Do you rent or own?
    • 5 I don't commute.
    • 6 We don't have enough savings.
    • 7 How long have you lived here?
    • 8 What does it look like?
    • b I work from home.
    • h No, but we have a large basement.
    • a We have a flat of our own.
    • e No, but we want to start a family.
    • f We moved in only recently.
    • d We'll have to take out a mortgage.
    • c I can't repair anything.
    • g Can you describe it to me?

    Zkratka DIY pochází ze spojení do-it-yourself (udělej to sám). Může fungovat i jako přídavné jméno. Např.: DIY man je kutil, DIY shop je prodejna pro kutily ap.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    5 I'm afraid our bus is late. - No, it's on/at/in schedule.
    1 I didn't plan on meeting him. We met of/by/in accident.
    4 They saved him at/of/from being homeless.
    9 I paid 37 dollars instead of 31. They exchanged/overcharged/tipped me.
    10 Are you coming to the party? - No, I'm not in the sight/mood/case for it.
    7 I can't go there tonight. Can you go there instead at/in/of me?
    2 We didn't get anything in/on/at return for our help.
    3 There was no one else with him. He was all in/on/by himself.
    8 They don't have their own home. They live in suburbs/utilities/lodgings.
    6 I know that for true/sure/hard. I heard him saying that.

    We have people coming over. znamená: Má k nám někdo přijít., Budeme mít návštěvu. ap. My friends are coming over. - Přijdou ke mně kamarádi.

    Exercise 5

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    3 The home prices are higher now than they were 5 years ago.
    8 Up to eight people can eat in the kitchen.
    4 The Johnsons already have two kids.
    1 There's no front yard at the Johnsons' house.
    7 Guests can sleep on the second floor of their house.
    5 They'll be repaying their mortgage for more than 15 years.
    2 Mr Johnson is quite good at DIY.
    6 They bought a house which they liked at first sight.

    Exercise 6

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    • Doplňte chybějící část překladu.

    8 Rádi by založili rodinu. They'd like to a family.
    3 Bydlel jsem v podnájmu. I lived in .
    7 Je to třípokojový byt. It's a flat.
    1 Bydlíme v nájmu v malém bytě. We a small flat.
    6 Pracuji na půl úvazku z domu. I work from home.
    4 Máme prostorný obývák. We have a spacious room.
    2 Majitel zvýšil nájem. The landlord has the rent.
    5 Potřebuji vlastní pokoj. I need a room of my .

    Start znamená česky nejen začít, ale také něco založit nebo rozjet. Např.: start a business - rozjet podnikání, He started a company. - Založil firmu. ap.

    Exercise 7

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    • Přepište věty pomocí stažených tvarů.

    4 He has done a bad thing. - done a bad thing.
    7 I cannot tell you. He would be angry. - I tell you. be angry.
    1 How is your family? - your family?
    6 You had better go now. - better go now.
    2 How has he been doing? - he been doing?
    3 He is really sorry. - really sorry.
    5 They had been there before. - been there before.
    8 I would love to see it. - love to see it.
    9 I would have come but I could not. - I come but I .

    Exercise 8

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    • Vyberte vhodná slova.

    7 It must have cost/costed/costing a lot of money.
    6 I had it repaired. - How much did they cost/charge/price you for that?
    3 How do you deal of/after/with commuting and traffic jams?
    9 He has to go in/on/by car. He feels sick when travelling in/by/on the bus.
    1 I can't do anything. I'm powerless/powerful/powering.
    11 A one-room flat is usually called a lounge/studio/living apartment in American English.
    8 You should book the tickets on/at/in advance.
    10 Take the underground if you don't want to be stuck in a traffic ham/jam/yard.
    5 I'm sorry for not had/have/having replied before.
    4 We love water. We had a fence/lounge/pool built behind the house.
    2 It can be very dangerous. You should be careless/cared/careful.

    Be stuck znamená vězet (nemoci pryč). Get stuck (změna stavu) je potom česky zůstat vězet/trčet. Např.: I got stuck in jam. - Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.

    Exercise 9

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    • Spojte výroky, které znamenají přibližně totéž.

    • 1 She's downstairs.
    • 2 She loves cooking.
    • 3 They don't live here anymore.
    • 4 Utility costs have gone up.
    • 5 Someone has to do it.
    • 6 They took out a mortgage.
    • 7 They live in lodgings.
    • 8 There's no garage in my house.
    • e It's more expensive to use the flat now.
    • g She's on the ground floor.
    • h They've moved to another city.
    • d It needs to be done.
    • f She's in the kitchen all the time.
    • c They pay for living in that room.
    • b I have to park my car outside.
    • a They borrowed money from a bank.

    Pozor! Půjčit něco někomu je lend (something to somebody), ale (vy)půjčit si něco od někoho je borrow (something from somebody). Např.: Can you lend me your car? - Můžeš mi půjčit auto? ALE Can I borrow your car? - Mohu si vypůjčit tvé auto? Sloveso lend je nepravidelné: lent (PT) - lent (PP).

    Exercise 10

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    • Převeďte věty do času budoucího průběhového. Všímejte si analogií časů.

    4 I won't stay.
    2 We were watching him.
    3 Who will do that?
    1 I'll wait there.
    6 I'm feeling tired.
    7 We were eating out.
    5 I was working on it.
    10 I've been watching you.
    8 What were you wearing?
    9 Who's looking after them?

    Exercise 11

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící slova.

    4 There's a high white around our back yard.
    3 He's in the now taking a shower.
    6 We have a big dining table. It can be used by to 8 people.
    8 There's a lot of for storing things in the basement.
    1 He been watching TV since morning.
    2 There's a in our house because we like to sit by the fire.
    9 There'll be a double for me and my husband in the bedroom.
    7 There's a fireplace and a TV in the room downstairs.
    5 I'm really glad to seen you.

    Pozor na rozdílné termíny: double bed - manželská postel (dvojlůžko) ALE twin bed jsou dvě samostatná lůžka (na hotelovém pokoji ap.) Twin twɪn je česky dvojče.

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slov z nápovědy.

    5 He's been read it for hours.
    8 She's be married to him for 10 years.
    2 I'd speak with him it before she arrived.
    3 I'd help her right now if she ask me.
    7 I'm glad to have see it.
    1 You should've call me yesterday.
    4 We've own the house for some 10 years.
    6 We didn't have money so we have to take out a mortgage.

    Exercise 13

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    5 Rádi sedí u krbu.
    fireplace
    7 Bydlí v nájmu v třípokojovém bytě.
    two-bedroom flat
    1 Kolem zahrady je vysoký plot.
    fence
    8 Domácí zvýšil nájem o 10 procent.
    increase
    9 Potřebují vlastní bydlení.
    home
    13 Naúčtovali mi víc. (při placení)
    overcharge
    2 Dole (v přízemí) je velký obývák.
    living room
    3 Nechali si postavit bazén.
    pool
    6 Budou vás očekávat.
    expect
    10 Nechali si postavit zbrusu nový dům.
    brand-new
    4 Utratili všechny své úspory.
    savings
    11 Provedu vás po domě.
    give, tour
    12 Je skoro nemožné najít dostupné bydlení.
    affordable

    Realtor je v americké angličtině realitní makléř či přeneseně realitka. Např. We sold our home through a realtor. - Prodali jsme dům přes realitku. V Británii se užívá spíše termín estate agent ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənt resp. estate agency ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənsɪ.

    Exercise 14

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    • Přepište věty z britské do americké angličtiny.

    8 We'll take the underground.
    10 I left it in the boot of my car.
    1 The bill please!
    2 I've run out of petrol.
    12 He was hit by a lorry.
    3 I'm hungry, mum!
    11 What's on at the cinema?
    7 I've bought new trousers.
    9 I live in a block of flats.
    4 I'll have chips.
    6 We live on the second floor.
    5 We'll watch a film.

    Obrat: be hit by se běžně užívá, když někoho srazí vozidlo ap. Např.: She was hit by a passing car. - Srazilo ji projíždějící auto.

    Exercise 15

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    • Doplňte věty tak, aby měly opačný význam. Kde lze, použijte odvozování pomocí předpon a přípon.

    10 We met three Englishmen. - We met three .
    8 She's female. - He's .
    3 She looked happy. - She looked .
    1 She has children. - She's .
    7 He's powerful. - He's .
    4 They were careful. - They were .
    9 He became a waiter. - She became a .
    5 It'll be painful. - It'll be .
    2 They have a home. - They're .
    6 Their names are known. - Their names are .

    Neighbourhood ˈneɪbəˌhʊd lze přeložit jako sousedství, ale je to v podstatě i čtvrť nebo část města, kde někdo bydlí. Např. in our neighbourhood - tam u nás (kde bydlíme.) Pravopis v americké angličtině je neighborhood stejně jako u slova neighbour - (v americké angličtině) neighbor ap.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přeložte.

    10 Bude muset bydlet v podnájmu.
    6 Budu nahoře. (v patře)
    7 Stěhujeme se do jiného města.
    18 Měl jsi mi to říct.
    8 To rád slyším.
    15 Potkali jsme se náhodou.
    3 Splnili jsme si svůj sen.
    2 Bydlí teď mimo město.
    11 Byla to láska na první pohled.
    4 Každý den dojíždím do práce.
    12 Srazilo ho auto.
    13 Víte to jistě?
    5 Vzali jsme si hypotéku.
    16 Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.
    1 Přestěhovali se do nového domu.
    17 Musel o tom vědět.
    14 Udělal jsem to omylem.
    9 Bydlím tady už 5 let.

    Termín landlord (land - zem + lord - pán) se obecně užívá pro majitele nemovitosti, který ji pronajímá. Ale pozor! Žena majitelka je landlady ˈlændˌleɪdɪ. Nájemník je anglicky tenant ˈtεnənt. Nájem jako smluvní vztah je lease liːs.

    Sunbathe (opalovat se) je v angličtině v podstatě doslova “koupat se ve slunci” nebo “brát sluneční lázeň”: sun (slunce) + bathe beɪð (koupat se).