Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    2 How long have you lived here?
    3 We used to live outside the city.
    7 We'll be repaying it for 20 years.
    5 We don't have enough savings to buy a house.
    4 They live in downtown Chicago.
    6 We had to take out a mortgage.
    10 Our landlord increased the rent.
    11 The rent went up by 30 per cent.
    13 I'll give you a tour of the house.
    9 They fell in love at first sight.
    14 Can you describe it in more detail?
    1 Do you rent or own your home?
    8 They spent a lot of money on furniture.
    15 We'll have a barbecue in the backyard.
    12 We moved in recently.

    Rooms to rent jsou pokoje k pronájmu a House for sale je dům na prodej.

    Exercise 2

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    • Odpovězte na otázky podle úvodních článků.

    10 Does Mrs Johnson like cooking?
    9 Do the Johnsons want to have more children?
    4 How long has Mrs Johnson been married to Mr Johnson?
    8 Which room in the Johnsons' house has a balcony?
    7 Did the Johnsons live together before their marriage?
    2 How much has the landlord increased the rent?
    1 How many miles does he travel to work and back every day?
    3 Is it true that the Johnsons are both American by birth?
    5 Did the Johnsons keep their old downtown apartment?
    6 How many cars can be parked in their garage?

    Běžný idiom keep up with the Joneses lze přeložit jako “držet krok s ostatními”, nebo “nenechat se zahanbit sousedy”, tedy snažit se mít za každou cenu všechno to, co mají i lidé kolem. Fráze keep up with znamená držet krok s či stačit (komu).

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 I'm really bad at DIY.
    • 2 Is there an attic in your house?
    • 3 Do you have kids?
    • 4 Do you rent or own?
    • 5 I don't commute.
    • 6 We don't have enough savings.
    • 7 How long have you lived here?
    • 8 What does it look like?
    • d We'll have to take out a mortgage.
    • c I can't repair anything.
    • a We have a flat of our own.
    • g Can you describe it to me?
    • h No, but we have a large basement.
    • e No, but we want to start a family.
    • f We moved in only recently.
    • b I work from home.

    Zkratka DIY pochází ze spojení do-it-yourself (udělej to sám). Může fungovat i jako přídavné jméno. Např.: DIY man je kutil, DIY shop je prodejna pro kutily ap.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    3 There was no one else with him. He was all in/on/by himself.
    2 We didn't get anything in/on/at return for our help.
    7 I can't go there tonight. Can you go there instead at/in/of me?
    8 They don't have their own home. They live in suburbs/utilities/lodgings.
    6 I know that for true/sure/hard. I heard him saying that.
    10 Are you coming to the party? - No, I'm not in the sight/mood/case for it.
    5 I'm afraid our bus is late. - No, it's on/at/in schedule.
    1 I didn't plan on meeting him. We met of/by/in accident.
    4 They saved him at/of/from being homeless.
    9 I paid 37 dollars instead of 31. They exchanged/overcharged/tipped me.

    We have people coming over. znamená: Má k nám někdo přijít., Budeme mít návštěvu. ap. My friends are coming over. - Přijdou ke mně kamarádi.

    Exercise 5

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    6 They bought a house which they liked at first sight.
    5 They'll be repaying their mortgage for more than 15 years.
    3 The home prices are higher now than they were 5 years ago.
    7 Guests can sleep on the second floor of their house.
    1 There's no front yard at the Johnsons' house.
    4 The Johnsons already have two kids.
    2 Mr Johnson is quite good at DIY.
    8 Up to eight people can eat in the kitchen.

    Exercise 6

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    • Doplňte chybějící část překladu.

    5 Potřebuji vlastní pokoj. I need a room of my .
    7 Je to třípokojový byt. It's a flat.
    8 Rádi by založili rodinu. They'd like to a family.
    2 Majitel zvýšil nájem. The landlord has the rent.
    3 Bydlel jsem v podnájmu. I lived in .
    4 Máme prostorný obývák. We have a spacious room.
    6 Pracuji na půl úvazku z domu. I work from home.
    1 Bydlíme v nájmu v malém bytě. We a small flat.

    Start znamená česky nejen začít, ale také něco založit nebo rozjet. Např.: start a business - rozjet podnikání, He started a company. - Založil firmu. ap.

    Exercise 7

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    • Přepište věty pomocí stažených tvarů.

    3 He is really sorry. - really sorry.
    9 I would have come but I could not. - I come but I .
    1 How is your family? - your family?
    6 You had better go now. - better go now.
    8 I would love to see it. - love to see it.
    4 He has done a bad thing. - done a bad thing.
    2 How has he been doing? - he been doing?
    7 I cannot tell you. He would be angry. - I tell you. be angry.
    5 They had been there before. - been there before.

    Exercise 8

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    • Vyberte vhodná slova.

    5 I'm sorry for not had/have/having replied before.
    10 Take the underground if you don't want to be stuck in a traffic ham/jam/yard.
    6 I had it repaired. - How much did they cost/charge/price you for that?
    2 It can be very dangerous. You should be careless/cared/careful.
    7 It must have cost/costed/costing a lot of money.
    9 He has to go in/on/by car. He feels sick when travelling in/by/on the bus.
    8 You should book the tickets on/at/in advance.
    4 We love water. We had a fence/lounge/pool built behind the house.
    3 How do you deal of/after/with commuting and traffic jams?
    1 I can't do anything. I'm powerless/powerful/powering.
    11 A one-room flat is usually called a lounge/studio/living apartment in American English.

    Be stuck znamená vězet (nemoci pryč). Get stuck (změna stavu) je potom česky zůstat vězet/trčet. Např.: I got stuck in jam. - Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.

    Exercise 9

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    • Spojte výroky, které znamenají přibližně totéž.

    • 1 She's downstairs.
    • 2 She loves cooking.
    • 3 They don't live here anymore.
    • 4 Utility costs have gone up.
    • 5 Someone has to do it.
    • 6 They took out a mortgage.
    • 7 They live in lodgings.
    • 8 There's no garage in my house.
    • h They've moved to another city.
    • c They pay for living in that room.
    • e It's more expensive to use the flat now.
    • g She's on the ground floor.
    • b I have to park my car outside.
    • d It needs to be done.
    • a They borrowed money from a bank.
    • f She's in the kitchen all the time.

    Pozor! Půjčit něco někomu je lend (something to somebody), ale (vy)půjčit si něco od někoho je borrow (something from somebody). Např.: Can you lend me your car? - Můžeš mi půjčit auto? ALE Can I borrow your car? - Mohu si vypůjčit tvé auto? Sloveso lend je nepravidelné: lent (PT) - lent (PP).

    Exercise 10

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    • Převeďte věty do času budoucího průběhového. Všímejte si analogií časů.

    5 I was working on it.
    2 We were watching him.
    7 We were eating out.
    6 I'm feeling tired.
    1 I'll wait there.
    3 Who will do that?
    8 What were you wearing?
    9 Who's looking after them?
    10 I've been watching you.
    4 I won't stay.

    Exercise 11

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící slova.

    2 There's a in our house because we like to sit by the fire.
    4 There's a high white around our back yard.
    7 There's a fireplace and a TV in the room downstairs.
    9 There'll be a double for me and my husband in the bedroom.
    1 He been watching TV since morning.
    3 He's in the now taking a shower.
    8 There's a lot of for storing things in the basement.
    6 We have a big dining table. It can be used by to 8 people.
    5 I'm really glad to seen you.

    Pozor na rozdílné termíny: double bed - manželská postel (dvojlůžko) ALE twin bed jsou dvě samostatná lůžka (na hotelovém pokoji ap.) Twin twɪn je česky dvojče.

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slov z nápovědy.

    4 We've own the house for some 10 years.
    2 I'd speak with him it before she arrived.
    5 He's been read it for hours.
    8 She's be married to him for 10 years.
    7 I'm glad to have see it.
    1 You should've call me yesterday.
    3 I'd help her right now if she ask me.
    6 We didn't have money so we have to take out a mortgage.

    Exercise 13

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    8 Domácí zvýšil nájem o 10 procent.
    increase
    1 Kolem zahrady je vysoký plot.
    fence
    7 Bydlí v nájmu v třípokojovém bytě.
    two-bedroom flat
    9 Potřebují vlastní bydlení.
    home
    13 Naúčtovali mi víc. (při placení)
    overcharge
    11 Provedu vás po domě.
    give, tour
    10 Nechali si postavit zbrusu nový dům.
    brand-new
    5 Rádi sedí u krbu.
    fireplace
    2 Dole (v přízemí) je velký obývák.
    living room
    4 Utratili všechny své úspory.
    savings
    12 Je skoro nemožné najít dostupné bydlení.
    affordable
    6 Budou vás očekávat.
    expect
    3 Nechali si postavit bazén.
    pool

    Realtor je v americké angličtině realitní makléř či přeneseně realitka. Např. We sold our home through a realtor. - Prodali jsme dům přes realitku. V Británii se užívá spíše termín estate agent ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənt resp. estate agency ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənsɪ.

    Exercise 14

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    • Přepište věty z britské do americké angličtiny.

    7 I've bought new trousers.
    4 I'll have chips.
    5 We'll watch a film.
    9 I live in a block of flats.
    3 I'm hungry, mum!
    12 He was hit by a lorry.
    10 I left it in the boot of my car.
    11 What's on at the cinema?
    6 We live on the second floor.
    2 I've run out of petrol.
    1 The bill please!
    8 We'll take the underground.

    Obrat: be hit by se běžně užívá, když někoho srazí vozidlo ap. Např.: She was hit by a passing car. - Srazilo ji projíždějící auto.

    Exercise 15

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    • Doplňte věty tak, aby měly opačný význam. Kde lze, použijte odvozování pomocí předpon a přípon.

    9 He became a waiter. - She became a .
    2 They have a home. - They're .
    10 We met three Englishmen. - We met three .
    5 It'll be painful. - It'll be .
    8 She's female. - He's .
    6 Their names are known. - Their names are .
    1 She has children. - She's .
    4 They were careful. - They were .
    3 She looked happy. - She looked .
    7 He's powerful. - He's .

    Neighbourhood ˈneɪbəˌhʊd lze přeložit jako sousedství, ale je to v podstatě i čtvrť nebo část města, kde někdo bydlí. Např. in our neighbourhood - tam u nás (kde bydlíme.) Pravopis v americké angličtině je neighborhood stejně jako u slova neighbour - (v americké angličtině) neighbor ap.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přeložte.

    16 Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.
    9 Bydlím tady už 5 let.
    5 Vzali jsme si hypotéku.
    3 Splnili jsme si svůj sen.
    2 Bydlí teď mimo město.
    13 Víte to jistě?
    4 Každý den dojíždím do práce.
    12 Srazilo ho auto.
    18 Měl jsi mi to říct.
    17 Musel o tom vědět.
    10 Bude muset bydlet v podnájmu.
    1 Přestěhovali se do nového domu.
    8 To rád slyším.
    11 Byla to láska na první pohled.
    7 Stěhujeme se do jiného města.
    14 Udělal jsem to omylem.
    6 Budu nahoře. (v patře)
    15 Potkali jsme se náhodou.

    Termín landlord (land - zem + lord - pán) se obecně užívá pro majitele nemovitosti, který ji pronajímá. Ale pozor! Žena majitelka je landlady ˈlændˌleɪdɪ. Nájemník je anglicky tenant ˈtεnənt. Nájem jako smluvní vztah je lease liːs.

    Sunbathe (opalovat se) je v angličtině v podstatě doslova “koupat se ve slunci” nebo “brát sluneční lázeň”: sun (slunce) + bathe beɪð (koupat se).