Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    13 I'll give you a tour of the house.
    10 Our landlord increased the rent.
    3 We used to live outside the city.
    8 They spent a lot of money on furniture.
    2 How long have you lived here?
    15 We'll have a barbecue in the backyard.
    5 We don't have enough savings to buy a house.
    4 They live in downtown Chicago.
    12 We moved in recently.
    11 The rent went up by 30 per cent.
    6 We had to take out a mortgage.
    14 Can you describe it in more detail?
    1 Do you rent or own your home?
    7 We'll be repaying it for 20 years.
    9 They fell in love at first sight.

    Rooms to rent jsou pokoje k pronájmu a House for sale je dům na prodej.

    Exercise 2

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    • Odpovězte na otázky podle úvodních článků.

    10 Does Mrs Johnson like cooking?
    7 Did the Johnsons live together before their marriage?
    4 How long has Mrs Johnson been married to Mr Johnson?
    3 Is it true that the Johnsons are both American by birth?
    1 How many miles does he travel to work and back every day?
    9 Do the Johnsons want to have more children?
    2 How much has the landlord increased the rent?
    8 Which room in the Johnsons' house has a balcony?
    6 How many cars can be parked in their garage?
    5 Did the Johnsons keep their old downtown apartment?

    Běžný idiom keep up with the Joneses lze přeložit jako “držet krok s ostatními”, nebo “nenechat se zahanbit sousedy”, tedy snažit se mít za každou cenu všechno to, co mají i lidé kolem. Fráze keep up with znamená držet krok s či stačit (komu).

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 I'm really bad at DIY.
    • 2 Is there an attic in your house?
    • 3 Do you have kids?
    • 4 Do you rent or own?
    • 5 I don't commute.
    • 6 We don't have enough savings.
    • 7 How long have you lived here?
    • 8 What does it look like?
    • g Can you describe it to me?
    • e No, but we want to start a family.
    • h No, but we have a large basement.
    • b I work from home.
    • f We moved in only recently.
    • a We have a flat of our own.
    • c I can't repair anything.
    • d We'll have to take out a mortgage.

    Zkratka DIY pochází ze spojení do-it-yourself (udělej to sám). Může fungovat i jako přídavné jméno. Např.: DIY man je kutil, DIY shop je prodejna pro kutily ap.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    1 I didn't plan on meeting him. We met of/by/in accident.
    2 We didn't get anything in/on/at return for our help.
    7 I can't go there tonight. Can you go there instead at/in/of me?
    6 I know that for true/sure/hard. I heard him saying that.
    8 They don't have their own home. They live in suburbs/utilities/lodgings.
    3 There was no one else with him. He was all in/on/by himself.
    4 They saved him at/of/from being homeless.
    5 I'm afraid our bus is late. - No, it's on/at/in schedule.
    9 I paid 37 dollars instead of 31. They exchanged/overcharged/tipped me.
    10 Are you coming to the party? - No, I'm not in the sight/mood/case for it.

    We have people coming over. znamená: Má k nám někdo přijít., Budeme mít návštěvu. ap. My friends are coming over. - Přijdou ke mně kamarádi.

    Exercise 5

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    3 The home prices are higher now than they were 5 years ago.
    2 Mr Johnson is quite good at DIY.
    6 They bought a house which they liked at first sight.
    8 Up to eight people can eat in the kitchen.
    5 They'll be repaying their mortgage for more than 15 years.
    7 Guests can sleep on the second floor of their house.
    1 There's no front yard at the Johnsons' house.
    4 The Johnsons already have two kids.

    Exercise 6

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    • Doplňte chybějící část překladu.

    7 Je to třípokojový byt. It's a flat.
    8 Rádi by založili rodinu. They'd like to a family.
    3 Bydlel jsem v podnájmu. I lived in .
    1 Bydlíme v nájmu v malém bytě. We a small flat.
    2 Majitel zvýšil nájem. The landlord has the rent.
    5 Potřebuji vlastní pokoj. I need a room of my .
    6 Pracuji na půl úvazku z domu. I work from home.
    4 Máme prostorný obývák. We have a spacious room.

    Start znamená česky nejen začít, ale také něco založit nebo rozjet. Např.: start a business - rozjet podnikání, He started a company. - Založil firmu. ap.

    Exercise 7

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    • Přepište věty pomocí stažených tvarů.

    3 He is really sorry. - really sorry.
    2 How has he been doing? - he been doing?
    1 How is your family? - your family?
    4 He has done a bad thing. - done a bad thing.
    9 I would have come but I could not. - I come but I .
    8 I would love to see it. - love to see it.
    5 They had been there before. - been there before.
    7 I cannot tell you. He would be angry. - I tell you. be angry.
    6 You had better go now. - better go now.

    Exercise 8

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    • Vyberte vhodná slova.

    4 We love water. We had a fence/lounge/pool built behind the house.
    11 A one-room flat is usually called a lounge/studio/living apartment in American English.
    8 You should book the tickets on/at/in advance.
    7 It must have cost/costed/costing a lot of money.
    5 I'm sorry for not had/have/having replied before.
    9 He has to go in/on/by car. He feels sick when travelling in/by/on the bus.
    3 How do you deal of/after/with commuting and traffic jams?
    1 I can't do anything. I'm powerless/powerful/powering.
    10 Take the underground if you don't want to be stuck in a traffic ham/jam/yard.
    6 I had it repaired. - How much did they cost/charge/price you for that?
    2 It can be very dangerous. You should be careless/cared/careful.

    Be stuck znamená vězet (nemoci pryč). Get stuck (změna stavu) je potom česky zůstat vězet/trčet. Např.: I got stuck in jam. - Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.

    Exercise 9

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    • Spojte výroky, které znamenají přibližně totéž.

    • 1 She's downstairs.
    • 2 She loves cooking.
    • 3 They don't live here anymore.
    • 4 Utility costs have gone up.
    • 5 Someone has to do it.
    • 6 They took out a mortgage.
    • 7 They live in lodgings.
    • 8 There's no garage in my house.
    • h They've moved to another city.
    • g She's on the ground floor.
    • f She's in the kitchen all the time.
    • b I have to park my car outside.
    • c They pay for living in that room.
    • e It's more expensive to use the flat now.
    • d It needs to be done.
    • a They borrowed money from a bank.

    Pozor! Půjčit něco někomu je lend (something to somebody), ale (vy)půjčit si něco od někoho je borrow (something from somebody). Např.: Can you lend me your car? - Můžeš mi půjčit auto? ALE Can I borrow your car? - Mohu si vypůjčit tvé auto? Sloveso lend je nepravidelné: lent (PT) - lent (PP).

    Exercise 10

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    • Převeďte věty do času budoucího průběhového. Všímejte si analogií časů.

    9 Who's looking after them?
    8 What were you wearing?
    6 I'm feeling tired.
    10 I've been watching you.
    4 I won't stay.
    7 We were eating out.
    5 I was working on it.
    3 Who will do that?
    2 We were watching him.
    1 I'll wait there.

    Exercise 11

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící slova.

    4 There's a high white around our back yard.
    6 We have a big dining table. It can be used by to 8 people.
    7 There's a fireplace and a TV in the room downstairs.
    5 I'm really glad to seen you.
    8 There's a lot of for storing things in the basement.
    3 He's in the now taking a shower.
    2 There's a in our house because we like to sit by the fire.
    9 There'll be a double for me and my husband in the bedroom.
    1 He been watching TV since morning.

    Pozor na rozdílné termíny: double bed - manželská postel (dvojlůžko) ALE twin bed jsou dvě samostatná lůžka (na hotelovém pokoji ap.) Twin twɪn je česky dvojče.

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slov z nápovědy.

    8 She's be married to him for 10 years.
    5 He's been read it for hours.
    2 I'd speak with him it before she arrived.
    4 We've own the house for some 10 years.
    3 I'd help her right now if she ask me.
    6 We didn't have money so we have to take out a mortgage.
    1 You should've call me yesterday.
    7 I'm glad to have see it.

    Exercise 13

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    11 Provedu vás po domě.
    give, tour
    5 Rádi sedí u krbu.
    fireplace
    1 Kolem zahrady je vysoký plot.
    fence
    10 Nechali si postavit zbrusu nový dům.
    brand-new
    13 Naúčtovali mi víc. (při placení)
    overcharge
    4 Utratili všechny své úspory.
    savings
    6 Budou vás očekávat.
    expect
    3 Nechali si postavit bazén.
    pool
    8 Domácí zvýšil nájem o 10 procent.
    increase
    9 Potřebují vlastní bydlení.
    home
    12 Je skoro nemožné najít dostupné bydlení.
    affordable
    7 Bydlí v nájmu v třípokojovém bytě.
    two-bedroom flat
    2 Dole (v přízemí) je velký obývák.
    living room

    Realtor je v americké angličtině realitní makléř či přeneseně realitka. Např. We sold our home through a realtor. - Prodali jsme dům přes realitku. V Británii se užívá spíše termín estate agent ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənt resp. estate agency ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənsɪ.

    Exercise 14

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    • Přepište věty z britské do americké angličtiny.

    10 I left it in the boot of my car.
    12 He was hit by a lorry.
    5 We'll watch a film.
    7 I've bought new trousers.
    11 What's on at the cinema?
    2 I've run out of petrol.
    1 The bill please!
    8 We'll take the underground.
    3 I'm hungry, mum!
    9 I live in a block of flats.
    4 I'll have chips.
    6 We live on the second floor.

    Obrat: be hit by se běžně užívá, když někoho srazí vozidlo ap. Např.: She was hit by a passing car. - Srazilo ji projíždějící auto.

    Exercise 15

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    • Doplňte věty tak, aby měly opačný význam. Kde lze, použijte odvozování pomocí předpon a přípon.

    5 It'll be painful. - It'll be .
    4 They were careful. - They were .
    3 She looked happy. - She looked .
    6 Their names are known. - Their names are .
    9 He became a waiter. - She became a .
    2 They have a home. - They're .
    1 She has children. - She's .
    10 We met three Englishmen. - We met three .
    8 She's female. - He's .
    7 He's powerful. - He's .

    Neighbourhood ˈneɪbəˌhʊd lze přeložit jako sousedství, ale je to v podstatě i čtvrť nebo část města, kde někdo bydlí. Např. in our neighbourhood - tam u nás (kde bydlíme.) Pravopis v americké angličtině je neighborhood stejně jako u slova neighbour - (v americké angličtině) neighbor ap.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přeložte.

    15 Potkali jsme se náhodou.
    10 Bude muset bydlet v podnájmu.
    2 Bydlí teď mimo město.
    16 Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.
    7 Stěhujeme se do jiného města.
    6 Budu nahoře. (v patře)
    12 Srazilo ho auto.
    8 To rád slyším.
    9 Bydlím tady už 5 let.
    3 Splnili jsme si svůj sen.
    13 Víte to jistě?
    5 Vzali jsme si hypotéku.
    4 Každý den dojíždím do práce.
    11 Byla to láska na první pohled.
    1 Přestěhovali se do nového domu.
    17 Musel o tom vědět.
    14 Udělal jsem to omylem.
    18 Měl jsi mi to říct.

    Termín landlord (land - zem + lord - pán) se obecně užívá pro majitele nemovitosti, který ji pronajímá. Ale pozor! Žena majitelka je landlady ˈlændˌleɪdɪ. Nájemník je anglicky tenant ˈtεnənt. Nájem jako smluvní vztah je lease liːs.

    Sunbathe (opalovat se) je v angličtině v podstatě doslova “koupat se ve slunci” nebo “brát sluneční lázeň”: sun (slunce) + bathe beɪð (koupat se).