Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    5 We don't have enough savings to buy a house.
    4 They live in downtown Chicago.
    11 The rent went up by 30 per cent.
    12 We moved in recently.
    7 We'll be repaying it for 20 years.
    15 We'll have a barbecue in the backyard.
    1 Do you rent or own your home?
    8 They spent a lot of money on furniture.
    3 We used to live outside the city.
    2 How long have you lived here?
    14 Can you describe it in more detail?
    6 We had to take out a mortgage.
    9 They fell in love at first sight.
    10 Our landlord increased the rent.
    13 I'll give you a tour of the house.

    Rooms to rent jsou pokoje k pronájmu a House for sale je dům na prodej.

    Exercise 2

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    • Odpovězte na otázky podle úvodních článků.

    2 How much has the landlord increased the rent?
    9 Do the Johnsons want to have more children?
    5 Did the Johnsons keep their old downtown apartment?
    10 Does Mrs Johnson like cooking?
    4 How long has Mrs Johnson been married to Mr Johnson?
    8 Which room in the Johnsons' house has a balcony?
    7 Did the Johnsons live together before their marriage?
    1 How many miles does he travel to work and back every day?
    3 Is it true that the Johnsons are both American by birth?
    6 How many cars can be parked in their garage?

    Běžný idiom keep up with the Joneses lze přeložit jako “držet krok s ostatními”, nebo “nenechat se zahanbit sousedy”, tedy snažit se mít za každou cenu všechno to, co mají i lidé kolem. Fráze keep up with znamená držet krok s či stačit (komu).

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 I'm really bad at DIY.
    • 2 Is there an attic in your house?
    • 3 Do you have kids?
    • 4 Do you rent or own?
    • 5 I don't commute.
    • 6 We don't have enough savings.
    • 7 How long have you lived here?
    • 8 What does it look like?
    • e No, but we want to start a family.
    • c I can't repair anything.
    • h No, but we have a large basement.
    • g Can you describe it to me?
    • d We'll have to take out a mortgage.
    • f We moved in only recently.
    • b I work from home.
    • a We have a flat of our own.

    Zkratka DIY pochází ze spojení do-it-yourself (udělej to sám). Může fungovat i jako přídavné jméno. Např.: DIY man je kutil, DIY shop je prodejna pro kutily ap.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    8 They don't have their own home. They live in suburbs/utilities/lodgings.
    2 We didn't get anything in/on/at return for our help.
    6 I know that for true/sure/hard. I heard him saying that.
    5 I'm afraid our bus is late. - No, it's on/at/in schedule.
    3 There was no one else with him. He was all in/on/by himself.
    1 I didn't plan on meeting him. We met of/by/in accident.
    4 They saved him at/of/from being homeless.
    9 I paid 37 dollars instead of 31. They exchanged/overcharged/tipped me.
    7 I can't go there tonight. Can you go there instead at/in/of me?
    10 Are you coming to the party? - No, I'm not in the sight/mood/case for it.

    We have people coming over. znamená: Má k nám někdo přijít., Budeme mít návštěvu. ap. My friends are coming over. - Přijdou ke mně kamarádi.

    Exercise 5

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    7 Guests can sleep on the second floor of their house.
    3 The home prices are higher now than they were 5 years ago.
    8 Up to eight people can eat in the kitchen.
    4 The Johnsons already have two kids.
    6 They bought a house which they liked at first sight.
    2 Mr Johnson is quite good at DIY.
    5 They'll be repaying their mortgage for more than 15 years.
    1 There's no front yard at the Johnsons' house.

    Exercise 6

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    • Doplňte chybějící část překladu.

    2 Majitel zvýšil nájem. The landlord has the rent.
    5 Potřebuji vlastní pokoj. I need a room of my .
    7 Je to třípokojový byt. It's a flat.
    6 Pracuji na půl úvazku z domu. I work from home.
    8 Rádi by založili rodinu. They'd like to a family.
    3 Bydlel jsem v podnájmu. I lived in .
    1 Bydlíme v nájmu v malém bytě. We a small flat.
    4 Máme prostorný obývák. We have a spacious room.

    Start znamená česky nejen začít, ale také něco založit nebo rozjet. Např.: start a business - rozjet podnikání, He started a company. - Založil firmu. ap.

    Exercise 7

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    • Přepište věty pomocí stažených tvarů.

    6 You had better go now. - better go now.
    1 How is your family? - your family?
    7 I cannot tell you. He would be angry. - I tell you. be angry.
    4 He has done a bad thing. - done a bad thing.
    2 How has he been doing? - he been doing?
    3 He is really sorry. - really sorry.
    8 I would love to see it. - love to see it.
    5 They had been there before. - been there before.
    9 I would have come but I could not. - I come but I .

    Exercise 8

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    • Vyberte vhodná slova.

    5 I'm sorry for not had/have/having replied before.
    2 It can be very dangerous. You should be careless/cared/careful.
    11 A one-room flat is usually called a lounge/studio/living apartment in American English.
    6 I had it repaired. - How much did they cost/charge/price you for that?
    8 You should book the tickets on/at/in advance.
    3 How do you deal of/after/with commuting and traffic jams?
    1 I can't do anything. I'm powerless/powerful/powering.
    9 He has to go in/on/by car. He feels sick when travelling in/by/on the bus.
    4 We love water. We had a fence/lounge/pool built behind the house.
    10 Take the underground if you don't want to be stuck in a traffic ham/jam/yard.
    7 It must have cost/costed/costing a lot of money.

    Be stuck znamená vězet (nemoci pryč). Get stuck (změna stavu) je potom česky zůstat vězet/trčet. Např.: I got stuck in jam. - Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.

    Exercise 9

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    • Spojte výroky, které znamenají přibližně totéž.

    • 1 She's downstairs.
    • 2 She loves cooking.
    • 3 They don't live here anymore.
    • 4 Utility costs have gone up.
    • 5 Someone has to do it.
    • 6 They took out a mortgage.
    • 7 They live in lodgings.
    • 8 There's no garage in my house.
    • a They borrowed money from a bank.
    • f She's in the kitchen all the time.
    • c They pay for living in that room.
    • g She's on the ground floor.
    • h They've moved to another city.
    • b I have to park my car outside.
    • d It needs to be done.
    • e It's more expensive to use the flat now.

    Pozor! Půjčit něco někomu je lend (something to somebody), ale (vy)půjčit si něco od někoho je borrow (something from somebody). Např.: Can you lend me your car? - Můžeš mi půjčit auto? ALE Can I borrow your car? - Mohu si vypůjčit tvé auto? Sloveso lend je nepravidelné: lent (PT) - lent (PP).

    Exercise 10

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    • Převeďte věty do času budoucího průběhového. Všímejte si analogií časů.

    8 What were you wearing?
    7 We were eating out.
    2 We were watching him.
    1 I'll wait there.
    4 I won't stay.
    6 I'm feeling tired.
    3 Who will do that?
    9 Who's looking after them?
    5 I was working on it.
    10 I've been watching you.

    Exercise 11

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící slova.

    3 He's in the now taking a shower.
    4 There's a high white around our back yard.
    1 He been watching TV since morning.
    5 I'm really glad to seen you.
    7 There's a fireplace and a TV in the room downstairs.
    6 We have a big dining table. It can be used by to 8 people.
    9 There'll be a double for me and my husband in the bedroom.
    2 There's a in our house because we like to sit by the fire.
    8 There's a lot of for storing things in the basement.

    Pozor na rozdílné termíny: double bed - manželská postel (dvojlůžko) ALE twin bed jsou dvě samostatná lůžka (na hotelovém pokoji ap.) Twin twɪn je česky dvojče.

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slov z nápovědy.

    1 You should've call me yesterday.
    8 She's be married to him for 10 years.
    4 We've own the house for some 10 years.
    3 I'd help her right now if she ask me.
    5 He's been read it for hours.
    6 We didn't have money so we have to take out a mortgage.
    2 I'd speak with him it before she arrived.
    7 I'm glad to have see it.

    Exercise 13

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    7 Bydlí v nájmu v třípokojovém bytě.
    two-bedroom flat
    10 Nechali si postavit zbrusu nový dům.
    brand-new
    5 Rádi sedí u krbu.
    fireplace
    12 Je skoro nemožné najít dostupné bydlení.
    affordable
    9 Potřebují vlastní bydlení.
    home
    6 Budou vás očekávat.
    expect
    11 Provedu vás po domě.
    give, tour
    3 Nechali si postavit bazén.
    pool
    1 Kolem zahrady je vysoký plot.
    fence
    2 Dole (v přízemí) je velký obývák.
    living room
    4 Utratili všechny své úspory.
    savings
    13 Naúčtovali mi víc. (při placení)
    overcharge
    8 Domácí zvýšil nájem o 10 procent.
    increase

    Realtor je v americké angličtině realitní makléř či přeneseně realitka. Např. We sold our home through a realtor. - Prodali jsme dům přes realitku. V Británii se užívá spíše termín estate agent ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənt resp. estate agency ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənsɪ.

    Exercise 14

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    • Přepište věty z britské do americké angličtiny.

    1 The bill please!
    7 I've bought new trousers.
    11 What's on at the cinema?
    10 I left it in the boot of my car.
    8 We'll take the underground.
    12 He was hit by a lorry.
    9 I live in a block of flats.
    5 We'll watch a film.
    3 I'm hungry, mum!
    4 I'll have chips.
    6 We live on the second floor.
    2 I've run out of petrol.

    Obrat: be hit by se běžně užívá, když někoho srazí vozidlo ap. Např.: She was hit by a passing car. - Srazilo ji projíždějící auto.

    Exercise 15

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    • Doplňte věty tak, aby měly opačný význam. Kde lze, použijte odvozování pomocí předpon a přípon.

    10 We met three Englishmen. - We met three .
    6 Their names are known. - Their names are .
    7 He's powerful. - He's .
    2 They have a home. - They're .
    1 She has children. - She's .
    3 She looked happy. - She looked .
    9 He became a waiter. - She became a .
    5 It'll be painful. - It'll be .
    4 They were careful. - They were .
    8 She's female. - He's .

    Neighbourhood ˈneɪbəˌhʊd lze přeložit jako sousedství, ale je to v podstatě i čtvrť nebo část města, kde někdo bydlí. Např. in our neighbourhood - tam u nás (kde bydlíme.) Pravopis v americké angličtině je neighborhood stejně jako u slova neighbour - (v americké angličtině) neighbor ap.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přeložte.

    15 Potkali jsme se náhodou.
    9 Bydlím tady už 5 let.
    13 Víte to jistě?
    12 Srazilo ho auto.
    1 Přestěhovali se do nového domu.
    17 Musel o tom vědět.
    14 Udělal jsem to omylem.
    7 Stěhujeme se do jiného města.
    10 Bude muset bydlet v podnájmu.
    18 Měl jsi mi to říct.
    3 Splnili jsme si svůj sen.
    11 Byla to láska na první pohled.
    6 Budu nahoře. (v patře)
    16 Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.
    4 Každý den dojíždím do práce.
    5 Vzali jsme si hypotéku.
    8 To rád slyším.
    2 Bydlí teď mimo město.

    Termín landlord (land - zem + lord - pán) se obecně užívá pro majitele nemovitosti, který ji pronajímá. Ale pozor! Žena majitelka je landlady ˈlændˌleɪdɪ. Nájemník je anglicky tenant ˈtεnənt. Nájem jako smluvní vztah je lease liːs.

    Sunbathe (opalovat se) je v angličtině v podstatě doslova “koupat se ve slunci” nebo “brát sluneční lázeň”: sun (slunce) + bathe beɪð (koupat se).