Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    4 They live in downtown Chicago.
    11 The rent went up by 30 per cent.
    3 We used to live outside the city.
    12 We moved in recently.
    8 They spent a lot of money on furniture.
    1 Do you rent or own your home?
    13 I'll give you a tour of the house.
    6 We had to take out a mortgage.
    14 Can you describe it in more detail?
    15 We'll have a barbecue in the backyard.
    10 Our landlord increased the rent.
    7 We'll be repaying it for 20 years.
    2 How long have you lived here?
    9 They fell in love at first sight.
    5 We don't have enough savings to buy a house.

    Rooms to rent jsou pokoje k pronájmu a House for sale je dům na prodej.

    Exercise 2

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    • Odpovězte na otázky podle úvodních článků.

    2 How much has the landlord increased the rent?
    3 Is it true that the Johnsons are both American by birth?
    1 How many miles does he travel to work and back every day?
    7 Did the Johnsons live together before their marriage?
    9 Do the Johnsons want to have more children?
    8 Which room in the Johnsons' house has a balcony?
    6 How many cars can be parked in their garage?
    5 Did the Johnsons keep their old downtown apartment?
    4 How long has Mrs Johnson been married to Mr Johnson?
    10 Does Mrs Johnson like cooking?

    Běžný idiom keep up with the Joneses lze přeložit jako “držet krok s ostatními”, nebo “nenechat se zahanbit sousedy”, tedy snažit se mít za každou cenu všechno to, co mají i lidé kolem. Fráze keep up with znamená držet krok s či stačit (komu).

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 I'm really bad at DIY.
    • 2 Is there an attic in your house?
    • 3 Do you have kids?
    • 4 Do you rent or own?
    • 5 I don't commute.
    • 6 We don't have enough savings.
    • 7 How long have you lived here?
    • 8 What does it look like?
    • f We moved in only recently.
    • c I can't repair anything.
    • b I work from home.
    • d We'll have to take out a mortgage.
    • g Can you describe it to me?
    • a We have a flat of our own.
    • e No, but we want to start a family.
    • h No, but we have a large basement.

    Zkratka DIY pochází ze spojení do-it-yourself (udělej to sám). Může fungovat i jako přídavné jméno. Např.: DIY man je kutil, DIY shop je prodejna pro kutily ap.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    9 I paid 37 dollars instead of 31. They exchanged/overcharged/tipped me.
    1 I didn't plan on meeting him. We met of/by/in accident.
    10 Are you coming to the party? - No, I'm not in the sight/mood/case for it.
    8 They don't have their own home. They live in suburbs/utilities/lodgings.
    6 I know that for true/sure/hard. I heard him saying that.
    5 I'm afraid our bus is late. - No, it's on/at/in schedule.
    2 We didn't get anything in/on/at return for our help.
    7 I can't go there tonight. Can you go there instead at/in/of me?
    4 They saved him at/of/from being homeless.
    3 There was no one else with him. He was all in/on/by himself.

    We have people coming over. znamená: Má k nám někdo přijít., Budeme mít návštěvu. ap. My friends are coming over. - Přijdou ke mně kamarádi.

    Exercise 5

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    2 Mr Johnson is quite good at DIY.
    6 They bought a house which they liked at first sight.
    1 There's no front yard at the Johnsons' house.
    5 They'll be repaying their mortgage for more than 15 years.
    7 Guests can sleep on the second floor of their house.
    4 The Johnsons already have two kids.
    8 Up to eight people can eat in the kitchen.
    3 The home prices are higher now than they were 5 years ago.

    Exercise 6

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    • Doplňte chybějící část překladu.

    5 Potřebuji vlastní pokoj. I need a room of my .
    6 Pracuji na půl úvazku z domu. I work from home.
    4 Máme prostorný obývák. We have a spacious room.
    8 Rádi by založili rodinu. They'd like to a family.
    3 Bydlel jsem v podnájmu. I lived in .
    7 Je to třípokojový byt. It's a flat.
    1 Bydlíme v nájmu v malém bytě. We a small flat.
    2 Majitel zvýšil nájem. The landlord has the rent.

    Start znamená česky nejen začít, ale také něco založit nebo rozjet. Např.: start a business - rozjet podnikání, He started a company. - Založil firmu. ap.

    Exercise 7

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    • Přepište věty pomocí stažených tvarů.

    2 How has he been doing? - he been doing?
    7 I cannot tell you. He would be angry. - I tell you. be angry.
    1 How is your family? - your family?
    6 You had better go now. - better go now.
    3 He is really sorry. - really sorry.
    8 I would love to see it. - love to see it.
    4 He has done a bad thing. - done a bad thing.
    9 I would have come but I could not. - I come but I .
    5 They had been there before. - been there before.

    Exercise 8

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    • Vyberte vhodná slova.

    5 I'm sorry for not had/have/having replied before.
    4 We love water. We had a fence/lounge/pool built behind the house.
    6 I had it repaired. - How much did they cost/charge/price you for that?
    10 Take the underground if you don't want to be stuck in a traffic ham/jam/yard.
    1 I can't do anything. I'm powerless/powerful/powering.
    9 He has to go in/on/by car. He feels sick when travelling in/by/on the bus.
    3 How do you deal of/after/with commuting and traffic jams?
    7 It must have cost/costed/costing a lot of money.
    11 A one-room flat is usually called a lounge/studio/living apartment in American English.
    8 You should book the tickets on/at/in advance.
    2 It can be very dangerous. You should be careless/cared/careful.

    Be stuck znamená vězet (nemoci pryč). Get stuck (změna stavu) je potom česky zůstat vězet/trčet. Např.: I got stuck in jam. - Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.

    Exercise 9

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    • Spojte výroky, které znamenají přibližně totéž.

    • 1 She's downstairs.
    • 2 She loves cooking.
    • 3 They don't live here anymore.
    • 4 Utility costs have gone up.
    • 5 Someone has to do it.
    • 6 They took out a mortgage.
    • 7 They live in lodgings.
    • 8 There's no garage in my house.
    • a They borrowed money from a bank.
    • b I have to park my car outside.
    • f She's in the kitchen all the time.
    • h They've moved to another city.
    • d It needs to be done.
    • g She's on the ground floor.
    • c They pay for living in that room.
    • e It's more expensive to use the flat now.

    Pozor! Půjčit něco někomu je lend (something to somebody), ale (vy)půjčit si něco od někoho je borrow (something from somebody). Např.: Can you lend me your car? - Můžeš mi půjčit auto? ALE Can I borrow your car? - Mohu si vypůjčit tvé auto? Sloveso lend je nepravidelné: lent (PT) - lent (PP).

    Exercise 10

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    • Převeďte věty do času budoucího průběhového. Všímejte si analogií časů.

    10 I've been watching you.
    1 I'll wait there.
    4 I won't stay.
    5 I was working on it.
    7 We were eating out.
    6 I'm feeling tired.
    9 Who's looking after them?
    2 We were watching him.
    8 What were you wearing?
    3 Who will do that?

    Exercise 11

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící slova.

    7 There's a fireplace and a TV in the room downstairs.
    4 There's a high white around our back yard.
    9 There'll be a double for me and my husband in the bedroom.
    2 There's a in our house because we like to sit by the fire.
    3 He's in the now taking a shower.
    1 He been watching TV since morning.
    5 I'm really glad to seen you.
    6 We have a big dining table. It can be used by to 8 people.
    8 There's a lot of for storing things in the basement.

    Pozor na rozdílné termíny: double bed - manželská postel (dvojlůžko) ALE twin bed jsou dvě samostatná lůžka (na hotelovém pokoji ap.) Twin twɪn je česky dvojče.

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slov z nápovědy.

    4 We've own the house for some 10 years.
    5 He's been read it for hours.
    3 I'd help her right now if she ask me.
    6 We didn't have money so we have to take out a mortgage.
    7 I'm glad to have see it.
    8 She's be married to him for 10 years.
    2 I'd speak with him it before she arrived.
    1 You should've call me yesterday.

    Exercise 13

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    10 Nechali si postavit zbrusu nový dům.
    brand-new
    6 Budou vás očekávat.
    expect
    8 Domácí zvýšil nájem o 10 procent.
    increase
    4 Utratili všechny své úspory.
    savings
    9 Potřebují vlastní bydlení.
    home
    1 Kolem zahrady je vysoký plot.
    fence
    12 Je skoro nemožné najít dostupné bydlení.
    affordable
    2 Dole (v přízemí) je velký obývák.
    living room
    3 Nechali si postavit bazén.
    pool
    11 Provedu vás po domě.
    give, tour
    5 Rádi sedí u krbu.
    fireplace
    13 Naúčtovali mi víc. (při placení)
    overcharge
    7 Bydlí v nájmu v třípokojovém bytě.
    two-bedroom flat

    Realtor je v americké angličtině realitní makléř či přeneseně realitka. Např. We sold our home through a realtor. - Prodali jsme dům přes realitku. V Británii se užívá spíše termín estate agent ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənt resp. estate agency ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənsɪ.

    Exercise 14

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    • Přepište věty z britské do americké angličtiny.

    2 I've run out of petrol.
    3 I'm hungry, mum!
    9 I live in a block of flats.
    11 What's on at the cinema?
    12 He was hit by a lorry.
    1 The bill please!
    10 I left it in the boot of my car.
    6 We live on the second floor.
    5 We'll watch a film.
    4 I'll have chips.
    7 I've bought new trousers.
    8 We'll take the underground.

    Obrat: be hit by se běžně užívá, když někoho srazí vozidlo ap. Např.: She was hit by a passing car. - Srazilo ji projíždějící auto.

    Exercise 15

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    • Doplňte věty tak, aby měly opačný význam. Kde lze, použijte odvozování pomocí předpon a přípon.

    10 We met three Englishmen. - We met three .
    4 They were careful. - They were .
    9 He became a waiter. - She became a .
    1 She has children. - She's .
    3 She looked happy. - She looked .
    8 She's female. - He's .
    2 They have a home. - They're .
    7 He's powerful. - He's .
    5 It'll be painful. - It'll be .
    6 Their names are known. - Their names are .

    Neighbourhood ˈneɪbəˌhʊd lze přeložit jako sousedství, ale je to v podstatě i čtvrť nebo část města, kde někdo bydlí. Např. in our neighbourhood - tam u nás (kde bydlíme.) Pravopis v americké angličtině je neighborhood stejně jako u slova neighbour - (v americké angličtině) neighbor ap.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přeložte.

    18 Měl jsi mi to říct.
    8 To rád slyším.
    17 Musel o tom vědět.
    4 Každý den dojíždím do práce.
    9 Bydlím tady už 5 let.
    12 Srazilo ho auto.
    15 Potkali jsme se náhodou.
    11 Byla to láska na první pohled.
    6 Budu nahoře. (v patře)
    14 Udělal jsem to omylem.
    3 Splnili jsme si svůj sen.
    5 Vzali jsme si hypotéku.
    1 Přestěhovali se do nového domu.
    7 Stěhujeme se do jiného města.
    10 Bude muset bydlet v podnájmu.
    13 Víte to jistě?
    16 Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.
    2 Bydlí teď mimo město.

    Termín landlord (land - zem + lord - pán) se obecně užívá pro majitele nemovitosti, který ji pronajímá. Ale pozor! Žena majitelka je landlady ˈlændˌleɪdɪ. Nájemník je anglicky tenant ˈtεnənt. Nájem jako smluvní vztah je lease liːs.

    Sunbathe (opalovat se) je v angličtině v podstatě doslova “koupat se ve slunci” nebo “brát sluneční lázeň”: sun (slunce) + bathe beɪð (koupat se).