Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    8 They spent a lot of money on furniture.
    11 The rent went up by 30 per cent.
    2 How long have you lived here?
    13 I'll give you a tour of the house.
    6 We had to take out a mortgage.
    7 We'll be repaying it for 20 years.
    3 We used to live outside the city.
    1 Do you rent or own your home?
    14 Can you describe it in more detail?
    5 We don't have enough savings to buy a house.
    10 Our landlord increased the rent.
    15 We'll have a barbecue in the backyard.
    9 They fell in love at first sight.
    12 We moved in recently.
    4 They live in downtown Chicago.

    Rooms to rent jsou pokoje k pronájmu a House for sale je dům na prodej.

    Exercise 2

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    • Odpovězte na otázky podle úvodních článků.

    8 Which room in the Johnsons' house has a balcony?
    7 Did the Johnsons live together before their marriage?
    4 How long has Mrs Johnson been married to Mr Johnson?
    6 How many cars can be parked in their garage?
    1 How many miles does he travel to work and back every day?
    2 How much has the landlord increased the rent?
    3 Is it true that the Johnsons are both American by birth?
    10 Does Mrs Johnson like cooking?
    9 Do the Johnsons want to have more children?
    5 Did the Johnsons keep their old downtown apartment?

    Běžný idiom keep up with the Joneses lze přeložit jako “držet krok s ostatními”, nebo “nenechat se zahanbit sousedy”, tedy snažit se mít za každou cenu všechno to, co mají i lidé kolem. Fráze keep up with znamená držet krok s či stačit (komu).

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 I'm really bad at DIY.
    • 2 Is there an attic in your house?
    • 3 Do you have kids?
    • 4 Do you rent or own?
    • 5 I don't commute.
    • 6 We don't have enough savings.
    • 7 How long have you lived here?
    • 8 What does it look like?
    • f We moved in only recently.
    • h No, but we have a large basement.
    • d We'll have to take out a mortgage.
    • e No, but we want to start a family.
    • b I work from home.
    • a We have a flat of our own.
    • c I can't repair anything.
    • g Can you describe it to me?

    Zkratka DIY pochází ze spojení do-it-yourself (udělej to sám). Může fungovat i jako přídavné jméno. Např.: DIY man je kutil, DIY shop je prodejna pro kutily ap.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    4 They saved him at/of/from being homeless.
    1 I didn't plan on meeting him. We met of/by/in accident.
    2 We didn't get anything in/on/at return for our help.
    6 I know that for true/sure/hard. I heard him saying that.
    9 I paid 37 dollars instead of 31. They exchanged/overcharged/tipped me.
    8 They don't have their own home. They live in suburbs/utilities/lodgings.
    5 I'm afraid our bus is late. - No, it's on/at/in schedule.
    10 Are you coming to the party? - No, I'm not in the sight/mood/case for it.
    7 I can't go there tonight. Can you go there instead at/in/of me?
    3 There was no one else with him. He was all in/on/by himself.

    We have people coming over. znamená: Má k nám někdo přijít., Budeme mít návštěvu. ap. My friends are coming over. - Přijdou ke mně kamarádi.

    Exercise 5

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    3 The home prices are higher now than they were 5 years ago.
    5 They'll be repaying their mortgage for more than 15 years.
    2 Mr Johnson is quite good at DIY.
    7 Guests can sleep on the second floor of their house.
    4 The Johnsons already have two kids.
    1 There's no front yard at the Johnsons' house.
    8 Up to eight people can eat in the kitchen.
    6 They bought a house which they liked at first sight.

    Exercise 6

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    • Doplňte chybějící část překladu.

    2 Majitel zvýšil nájem. The landlord has the rent.
    6 Pracuji na půl úvazku z domu. I work from home.
    1 Bydlíme v nájmu v malém bytě. We a small flat.
    4 Máme prostorný obývák. We have a spacious room.
    8 Rádi by založili rodinu. They'd like to a family.
    3 Bydlel jsem v podnájmu. I lived in .
    5 Potřebuji vlastní pokoj. I need a room of my .
    7 Je to třípokojový byt. It's a flat.

    Start znamená česky nejen začít, ale také něco založit nebo rozjet. Např.: start a business - rozjet podnikání, He started a company. - Založil firmu. ap.

    Exercise 7

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    • Přepište věty pomocí stažených tvarů.

    2 How has he been doing? - he been doing?
    9 I would have come but I could not. - I come but I .
    8 I would love to see it. - love to see it.
    4 He has done a bad thing. - done a bad thing.
    7 I cannot tell you. He would be angry. - I tell you. be angry.
    3 He is really sorry. - really sorry.
    5 They had been there before. - been there before.
    1 How is your family? - your family?
    6 You had better go now. - better go now.

    Exercise 8

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    • Vyberte vhodná slova.

    8 You should book the tickets on/at/in advance.
    2 It can be very dangerous. You should be careless/cared/careful.
    6 I had it repaired. - How much did they cost/charge/price you for that?
    3 How do you deal of/after/with commuting and traffic jams?
    10 Take the underground if you don't want to be stuck in a traffic ham/jam/yard.
    5 I'm sorry for not had/have/having replied before.
    11 A one-room flat is usually called a lounge/studio/living apartment in American English.
    1 I can't do anything. I'm powerless/powerful/powering.
    7 It must have cost/costed/costing a lot of money.
    9 He has to go in/on/by car. He feels sick when travelling in/by/on the bus.
    4 We love water. We had a fence/lounge/pool built behind the house.

    Be stuck znamená vězet (nemoci pryč). Get stuck (změna stavu) je potom česky zůstat vězet/trčet. Např.: I got stuck in jam. - Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.

    Exercise 9

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    • Spojte výroky, které znamenají přibližně totéž.

    • 1 She's downstairs.
    • 2 She loves cooking.
    • 3 They don't live here anymore.
    • 4 Utility costs have gone up.
    • 5 Someone has to do it.
    • 6 They took out a mortgage.
    • 7 They live in lodgings.
    • 8 There's no garage in my house.
    • h They've moved to another city.
    • d It needs to be done.
    • g She's on the ground floor.
    • e It's more expensive to use the flat now.
    • f She's in the kitchen all the time.
    • b I have to park my car outside.
    • a They borrowed money from a bank.
    • c They pay for living in that room.

    Pozor! Půjčit něco někomu je lend (something to somebody), ale (vy)půjčit si něco od někoho je borrow (something from somebody). Např.: Can you lend me your car? - Můžeš mi půjčit auto? ALE Can I borrow your car? - Mohu si vypůjčit tvé auto? Sloveso lend je nepravidelné: lent (PT) - lent (PP).

    Exercise 10

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    • Převeďte věty do času budoucího průběhového. Všímejte si analogií časů.

    8 What were you wearing?
    2 We were watching him.
    1 I'll wait there.
    10 I've been watching you.
    3 Who will do that?
    6 I'm feeling tired.
    9 Who's looking after them?
    5 I was working on it.
    7 We were eating out.
    4 I won't stay.

    Exercise 11

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící slova.

    8 There's a lot of for storing things in the basement.
    6 We have a big dining table. It can be used by to 8 people.
    1 He been watching TV since morning.
    3 He's in the now taking a shower.
    9 There'll be a double for me and my husband in the bedroom.
    2 There's a in our house because we like to sit by the fire.
    5 I'm really glad to seen you.
    4 There's a high white around our back yard.
    7 There's a fireplace and a TV in the room downstairs.

    Pozor na rozdílné termíny: double bed - manželská postel (dvojlůžko) ALE twin bed jsou dvě samostatná lůžka (na hotelovém pokoji ap.) Twin twɪn je česky dvojče.

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slov z nápovědy.

    3 I'd help her right now if she ask me.
    8 She's be married to him for 10 years.
    6 We didn't have money so we have to take out a mortgage.
    1 You should've call me yesterday.
    7 I'm glad to have see it.
    4 We've own the house for some 10 years.
    5 He's been read it for hours.
    2 I'd speak with him it before she arrived.

    Exercise 13

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    13 Naúčtovali mi víc. (při placení)
    overcharge
    11 Provedu vás po domě.
    give, tour
    2 Dole (v přízemí) je velký obývák.
    living room
    6 Budou vás očekávat.
    expect
    7 Bydlí v nájmu v třípokojovém bytě.
    two-bedroom flat
    3 Nechali si postavit bazén.
    pool
    4 Utratili všechny své úspory.
    savings
    8 Domácí zvýšil nájem o 10 procent.
    increase
    9 Potřebují vlastní bydlení.
    home
    10 Nechali si postavit zbrusu nový dům.
    brand-new
    12 Je skoro nemožné najít dostupné bydlení.
    affordable
    5 Rádi sedí u krbu.
    fireplace
    1 Kolem zahrady je vysoký plot.
    fence

    Realtor je v americké angličtině realitní makléř či přeneseně realitka. Např. We sold our home through a realtor. - Prodali jsme dům přes realitku. V Británii se užívá spíše termín estate agent ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənt resp. estate agency ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənsɪ.

    Exercise 14

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    • Přepište věty z britské do americké angličtiny.

    1 The bill please!
    4 I'll have chips.
    12 He was hit by a lorry.
    5 We'll watch a film.
    11 What's on at the cinema?
    7 I've bought new trousers.
    10 I left it in the boot of my car.
    3 I'm hungry, mum!
    6 We live on the second floor.
    2 I've run out of petrol.
    9 I live in a block of flats.
    8 We'll take the underground.

    Obrat: be hit by se běžně užívá, když někoho srazí vozidlo ap. Např.: She was hit by a passing car. - Srazilo ji projíždějící auto.

    Exercise 15

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    • Doplňte věty tak, aby měly opačný význam. Kde lze, použijte odvozování pomocí předpon a přípon.

    3 She looked happy. - She looked .
    8 She's female. - He's .
    4 They were careful. - They were .
    9 He became a waiter. - She became a .
    10 We met three Englishmen. - We met three .
    2 They have a home. - They're .
    1 She has children. - She's .
    7 He's powerful. - He's .
    6 Their names are known. - Their names are .
    5 It'll be painful. - It'll be .

    Neighbourhood ˈneɪbəˌhʊd lze přeložit jako sousedství, ale je to v podstatě i čtvrť nebo část města, kde někdo bydlí. Např. in our neighbourhood - tam u nás (kde bydlíme.) Pravopis v americké angličtině je neighborhood stejně jako u slova neighbour - (v americké angličtině) neighbor ap.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přeložte.

    14 Udělal jsem to omylem.
    16 Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.
    13 Víte to jistě?
    5 Vzali jsme si hypotéku.
    10 Bude muset bydlet v podnájmu.
    4 Každý den dojíždím do práce.
    12 Srazilo ho auto.
    1 Přestěhovali se do nového domu.
    7 Stěhujeme se do jiného města.
    9 Bydlím tady už 5 let.
    3 Splnili jsme si svůj sen.
    2 Bydlí teď mimo město.
    8 To rád slyším.
    11 Byla to láska na první pohled.
    15 Potkali jsme se náhodou.
    17 Musel o tom vědět.
    6 Budu nahoře. (v patře)
    18 Měl jsi mi to říct.

    Termín landlord (land - zem + lord - pán) se obecně užívá pro majitele nemovitosti, který ji pronajímá. Ale pozor! Žena majitelka je landlady ˈlændˌleɪdɪ. Nájemník je anglicky tenant ˈtεnənt. Nájem jako smluvní vztah je lease liːs.

    Sunbathe (opalovat se) je v angličtině v podstatě doslova “koupat se ve slunci” nebo “brát sluneční lázeň”: sun (slunce) + bathe beɪð (koupat se).