Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    9 They fell in love at first sight.
    11 The rent went up by 30 per cent.
    13 I'll give you a tour of the house.
    5 We don't have enough savings to buy a house.
    2 How long have you lived here?
    1 Do you rent or own your home?
    3 We used to live outside the city.
    6 We had to take out a mortgage.
    8 They spent a lot of money on furniture.
    7 We'll be repaying it for 20 years.
    14 Can you describe it in more detail?
    10 Our landlord increased the rent.
    15 We'll have a barbecue in the backyard.
    12 We moved in recently.
    4 They live in downtown Chicago.

    Rooms to rent jsou pokoje k pronájmu a House for sale je dům na prodej.

    Exercise 2

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    • Odpovězte na otázky podle úvodních článků.

    5 Did the Johnsons keep their old downtown apartment?
    7 Did the Johnsons live together before their marriage?
    3 Is it true that the Johnsons are both American by birth?
    10 Does Mrs Johnson like cooking?
    6 How many cars can be parked in their garage?
    1 How many miles does he travel to work and back every day?
    4 How long has Mrs Johnson been married to Mr Johnson?
    2 How much has the landlord increased the rent?
    8 Which room in the Johnsons' house has a balcony?
    9 Do the Johnsons want to have more children?

    Běžný idiom keep up with the Joneses lze přeložit jako “držet krok s ostatními”, nebo “nenechat se zahanbit sousedy”, tedy snažit se mít za každou cenu všechno to, co mají i lidé kolem. Fráze keep up with znamená držet krok s či stačit (komu).

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 I'm really bad at DIY.
    • 2 Is there an attic in your house?
    • 3 Do you have kids?
    • 4 Do you rent or own?
    • 5 I don't commute.
    • 6 We don't have enough savings.
    • 7 How long have you lived here?
    • 8 What does it look like?
    • f We moved in only recently.
    • e No, but we want to start a family.
    • c I can't repair anything.
    • a We have a flat of our own.
    • g Can you describe it to me?
    • d We'll have to take out a mortgage.
    • b I work from home.
    • h No, but we have a large basement.

    Zkratka DIY pochází ze spojení do-it-yourself (udělej to sám). Může fungovat i jako přídavné jméno. Např.: DIY man je kutil, DIY shop je prodejna pro kutily ap.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    9 I paid 37 dollars instead of 31. They exchanged/overcharged/tipped me.
    5 I'm afraid our bus is late. - No, it's on/at/in schedule.
    10 Are you coming to the party? - No, I'm not in the sight/mood/case for it.
    4 They saved him at/of/from being homeless.
    7 I can't go there tonight. Can you go there instead at/in/of me?
    3 There was no one else with him. He was all in/on/by himself.
    6 I know that for true/sure/hard. I heard him saying that.
    8 They don't have their own home. They live in suburbs/utilities/lodgings.
    1 I didn't plan on meeting him. We met of/by/in accident.
    2 We didn't get anything in/on/at return for our help.

    We have people coming over. znamená: Má k nám někdo přijít., Budeme mít návštěvu. ap. My friends are coming over. - Přijdou ke mně kamarádi.

    Exercise 5

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    8 Up to eight people can eat in the kitchen.
    4 The Johnsons already have two kids.
    3 The home prices are higher now than they were 5 years ago.
    2 Mr Johnson is quite good at DIY.
    5 They'll be repaying their mortgage for more than 15 years.
    1 There's no front yard at the Johnsons' house.
    6 They bought a house which they liked at first sight.
    7 Guests can sleep on the second floor of their house.

    Exercise 6

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    • Doplňte chybějící část překladu.

    2 Majitel zvýšil nájem. The landlord has the rent.
    3 Bydlel jsem v podnájmu. I lived in .
    1 Bydlíme v nájmu v malém bytě. We a small flat.
    6 Pracuji na půl úvazku z domu. I work from home.
    7 Je to třípokojový byt. It's a flat.
    5 Potřebuji vlastní pokoj. I need a room of my .
    4 Máme prostorný obývák. We have a spacious room.
    8 Rádi by založili rodinu. They'd like to a family.

    Start znamená česky nejen začít, ale také něco založit nebo rozjet. Např.: start a business - rozjet podnikání, He started a company. - Založil firmu. ap.

    Exercise 7

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    • Přepište věty pomocí stažených tvarů.

    7 I cannot tell you. He would be angry. - I tell you. be angry.
    2 How has he been doing? - he been doing?
    1 How is your family? - your family?
    3 He is really sorry. - really sorry.
    5 They had been there before. - been there before.
    8 I would love to see it. - love to see it.
    4 He has done a bad thing. - done a bad thing.
    9 I would have come but I could not. - I come but I .
    6 You had better go now. - better go now.

    Exercise 8

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    • Vyberte vhodná slova.

    3 How do you deal of/after/with commuting and traffic jams?
    11 A one-room flat is usually called a lounge/studio/living apartment in American English.
    8 You should book the tickets on/at/in advance.
    4 We love water. We had a fence/lounge/pool built behind the house.
    10 Take the underground if you don't want to be stuck in a traffic ham/jam/yard.
    9 He has to go in/on/by car. He feels sick when travelling in/by/on the bus.
    2 It can be very dangerous. You should be careless/cared/careful.
    5 I'm sorry for not had/have/having replied before.
    7 It must have cost/costed/costing a lot of money.
    1 I can't do anything. I'm powerless/powerful/powering.
    6 I had it repaired. - How much did they cost/charge/price you for that?

    Be stuck znamená vězet (nemoci pryč). Get stuck (změna stavu) je potom česky zůstat vězet/trčet. Např.: I got stuck in jam. - Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.

    Exercise 9

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    • Spojte výroky, které znamenají přibližně totéž.

    • 1 She's downstairs.
    • 2 She loves cooking.
    • 3 They don't live here anymore.
    • 4 Utility costs have gone up.
    • 5 Someone has to do it.
    • 6 They took out a mortgage.
    • 7 They live in lodgings.
    • 8 There's no garage in my house.
    • f She's in the kitchen all the time.
    • a They borrowed money from a bank.
    • b I have to park my car outside.
    • d It needs to be done.
    • c They pay for living in that room.
    • g She's on the ground floor.
    • h They've moved to another city.
    • e It's more expensive to use the flat now.

    Pozor! Půjčit něco někomu je lend (something to somebody), ale (vy)půjčit si něco od někoho je borrow (something from somebody). Např.: Can you lend me your car? - Můžeš mi půjčit auto? ALE Can I borrow your car? - Mohu si vypůjčit tvé auto? Sloveso lend je nepravidelné: lent (PT) - lent (PP).

    Exercise 10

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    • Převeďte věty do času budoucího průběhového. Všímejte si analogií časů.

    3 Who will do that?
    6 I'm feeling tired.
    9 Who's looking after them?
    7 We were eating out.
    5 I was working on it.
    4 I won't stay.
    2 We were watching him.
    1 I'll wait there.
    8 What were you wearing?
    10 I've been watching you.

    Exercise 11

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící slova.

    2 There's a in our house because we like to sit by the fire.
    3 He's in the now taking a shower.
    5 I'm really glad to seen you.
    1 He been watching TV since morning.
    7 There's a fireplace and a TV in the room downstairs.
    4 There's a high white around our back yard.
    6 We have a big dining table. It can be used by to 8 people.
    8 There's a lot of for storing things in the basement.
    9 There'll be a double for me and my husband in the bedroom.

    Pozor na rozdílné termíny: double bed - manželská postel (dvojlůžko) ALE twin bed jsou dvě samostatná lůžka (na hotelovém pokoji ap.) Twin twɪn je česky dvojče.

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slov z nápovědy.

    1 You should've call me yesterday.
    5 He's been read it for hours.
    2 I'd speak with him it before she arrived.
    4 We've own the house for some 10 years.
    7 I'm glad to have see it.
    8 She's be married to him for 10 years.
    6 We didn't have money so we have to take out a mortgage.
    3 I'd help her right now if she ask me.

    Exercise 13

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    9 Potřebují vlastní bydlení.
    home
    5 Rádi sedí u krbu.
    fireplace
    12 Je skoro nemožné najít dostupné bydlení.
    affordable
    1 Kolem zahrady je vysoký plot.
    fence
    4 Utratili všechny své úspory.
    savings
    10 Nechali si postavit zbrusu nový dům.
    brand-new
    8 Domácí zvýšil nájem o 10 procent.
    increase
    11 Provedu vás po domě.
    give, tour
    7 Bydlí v nájmu v třípokojovém bytě.
    two-bedroom flat
    13 Naúčtovali mi víc. (při placení)
    overcharge
    3 Nechali si postavit bazén.
    pool
    2 Dole (v přízemí) je velký obývák.
    living room
    6 Budou vás očekávat.
    expect

    Realtor je v americké angličtině realitní makléř či přeneseně realitka. Např. We sold our home through a realtor. - Prodali jsme dům přes realitku. V Británii se užívá spíše termín estate agent ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənt resp. estate agency ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənsɪ.

    Exercise 14

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    • Přepište věty z britské do americké angličtiny.

    10 I left it in the boot of my car.
    6 We live on the second floor.
    7 I've bought new trousers.
    4 I'll have chips.
    12 He was hit by a lorry.
    8 We'll take the underground.
    11 What's on at the cinema?
    3 I'm hungry, mum!
    1 The bill please!
    2 I've run out of petrol.
    5 We'll watch a film.
    9 I live in a block of flats.

    Obrat: be hit by se běžně užívá, když někoho srazí vozidlo ap. Např.: She was hit by a passing car. - Srazilo ji projíždějící auto.

    Exercise 15

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    • Doplňte věty tak, aby měly opačný význam. Kde lze, použijte odvozování pomocí předpon a přípon.

    9 He became a waiter. - She became a .
    10 We met three Englishmen. - We met three .
    1 She has children. - She's .
    7 He's powerful. - He's .
    5 It'll be painful. - It'll be .
    3 She looked happy. - She looked .
    2 They have a home. - They're .
    8 She's female. - He's .
    6 Their names are known. - Their names are .
    4 They were careful. - They were .

    Neighbourhood ˈneɪbəˌhʊd lze přeložit jako sousedství, ale je to v podstatě i čtvrť nebo část města, kde někdo bydlí. Např. in our neighbourhood - tam u nás (kde bydlíme.) Pravopis v americké angličtině je neighborhood stejně jako u slova neighbour - (v americké angličtině) neighbor ap.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přeložte.

    6 Budu nahoře. (v patře)
    8 To rád slyším.
    16 Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.
    5 Vzali jsme si hypotéku.
    2 Bydlí teď mimo město.
    4 Každý den dojíždím do práce.
    9 Bydlím tady už 5 let.
    3 Splnili jsme si svůj sen.
    11 Byla to láska na první pohled.
    10 Bude muset bydlet v podnájmu.
    15 Potkali jsme se náhodou.
    7 Stěhujeme se do jiného města.
    17 Musel o tom vědět.
    14 Udělal jsem to omylem.
    12 Srazilo ho auto.
    1 Přestěhovali se do nového domu.
    18 Měl jsi mi to říct.
    13 Víte to jistě?

    Termín landlord (land - zem + lord - pán) se obecně užívá pro majitele nemovitosti, který ji pronajímá. Ale pozor! Žena majitelka je landlady ˈlændˌleɪdɪ. Nájemník je anglicky tenant ˈtεnənt. Nájem jako smluvní vztah je lease liːs.

    Sunbathe (opalovat se) je v angličtině v podstatě doslova “koupat se ve slunci” nebo “brát sluneční lázeň”: sun (slunce) + bathe beɪð (koupat se).