Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    4 They live in downtown Chicago.
    11 The rent went up by 30 per cent.
    3 We used to live outside the city.
    1 Do you rent or own your home?
    5 We don't have enough savings to buy a house.
    2 How long have you lived here?
    7 We'll be repaying it for 20 years.
    14 Can you describe it in more detail?
    15 We'll have a barbecue in the backyard.
    12 We moved in recently.
    8 They spent a lot of money on furniture.
    13 I'll give you a tour of the house.
    10 Our landlord increased the rent.
    6 We had to take out a mortgage.
    9 They fell in love at first sight.

    Rooms to rent jsou pokoje k pronájmu a House for sale je dům na prodej.

    Exercise 2

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    • Odpovězte na otázky podle úvodních článků.

    5 Did the Johnsons keep their old downtown apartment?
    2 How much has the landlord increased the rent?
    10 Does Mrs Johnson like cooking?
    3 Is it true that the Johnsons are both American by birth?
    6 How many cars can be parked in their garage?
    1 How many miles does he travel to work and back every day?
    7 Did the Johnsons live together before their marriage?
    8 Which room in the Johnsons' house has a balcony?
    4 How long has Mrs Johnson been married to Mr Johnson?
    9 Do the Johnsons want to have more children?

    Běžný idiom keep up with the Joneses lze přeložit jako “držet krok s ostatními”, nebo “nenechat se zahanbit sousedy”, tedy snažit se mít za každou cenu všechno to, co mají i lidé kolem. Fráze keep up with znamená držet krok s či stačit (komu).

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 I'm really bad at DIY.
    • 2 Is there an attic in your house?
    • 3 Do you have kids?
    • 4 Do you rent or own?
    • 5 I don't commute.
    • 6 We don't have enough savings.
    • 7 How long have you lived here?
    • 8 What does it look like?
    • f We moved in only recently.
    • a We have a flat of our own.
    • e No, but we want to start a family.
    • d We'll have to take out a mortgage.
    • b I work from home.
    • g Can you describe it to me?
    • c I can't repair anything.
    • h No, but we have a large basement.

    Zkratka DIY pochází ze spojení do-it-yourself (udělej to sám). Může fungovat i jako přídavné jméno. Např.: DIY man je kutil, DIY shop je prodejna pro kutily ap.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    8 They don't have their own home. They live in suburbs/utilities/lodgings.
    10 Are you coming to the party? - No, I'm not in the sight/mood/case for it.
    3 There was no one else with him. He was all in/on/by himself.
    5 I'm afraid our bus is late. - No, it's on/at/in schedule.
    6 I know that for true/sure/hard. I heard him saying that.
    4 They saved him at/of/from being homeless.
    1 I didn't plan on meeting him. We met of/by/in accident.
    2 We didn't get anything in/on/at return for our help.
    9 I paid 37 dollars instead of 31. They exchanged/overcharged/tipped me.
    7 I can't go there tonight. Can you go there instead at/in/of me?

    We have people coming over. znamená: Má k nám někdo přijít., Budeme mít návštěvu. ap. My friends are coming over. - Přijdou ke mně kamarádi.

    Exercise 5

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    5 They'll be repaying their mortgage for more than 15 years.
    3 The home prices are higher now than they were 5 years ago.
    2 Mr Johnson is quite good at DIY.
    4 The Johnsons already have two kids.
    7 Guests can sleep on the second floor of their house.
    1 There's no front yard at the Johnsons' house.
    8 Up to eight people can eat in the kitchen.
    6 They bought a house which they liked at first sight.

    Exercise 6

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    • Doplňte chybějící část překladu.

    5 Potřebuji vlastní pokoj. I need a room of my .
    4 Máme prostorný obývák. We have a spacious room.
    3 Bydlel jsem v podnájmu. I lived in .
    6 Pracuji na půl úvazku z domu. I work from home.
    2 Majitel zvýšil nájem. The landlord has the rent.
    1 Bydlíme v nájmu v malém bytě. We a small flat.
    8 Rádi by založili rodinu. They'd like to a family.
    7 Je to třípokojový byt. It's a flat.

    Start znamená česky nejen začít, ale také něco založit nebo rozjet. Např.: start a business - rozjet podnikání, He started a company. - Založil firmu. ap.

    Exercise 7

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    • Přepište věty pomocí stažených tvarů.

    2 How has he been doing? - he been doing?
    1 How is your family? - your family?
    3 He is really sorry. - really sorry.
    8 I would love to see it. - love to see it.
    5 They had been there before. - been there before.
    7 I cannot tell you. He would be angry. - I tell you. be angry.
    6 You had better go now. - better go now.
    9 I would have come but I could not. - I come but I .
    4 He has done a bad thing. - done a bad thing.

    Exercise 8

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    • Vyberte vhodná slova.

    3 How do you deal of/after/with commuting and traffic jams?
    2 It can be very dangerous. You should be careless/cared/careful.
    8 You should book the tickets on/at/in advance.
    11 A one-room flat is usually called a lounge/studio/living apartment in American English.
    10 Take the underground if you don't want to be stuck in a traffic ham/jam/yard.
    7 It must have cost/costed/costing a lot of money.
    6 I had it repaired. - How much did they cost/charge/price you for that?
    9 He has to go in/on/by car. He feels sick when travelling in/by/on the bus.
    1 I can't do anything. I'm powerless/powerful/powering.
    5 I'm sorry for not had/have/having replied before.
    4 We love water. We had a fence/lounge/pool built behind the house.

    Be stuck znamená vězet (nemoci pryč). Get stuck (změna stavu) je potom česky zůstat vězet/trčet. Např.: I got stuck in jam. - Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.

    Exercise 9

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    • Spojte výroky, které znamenají přibližně totéž.

    • 1 She's downstairs.
    • 2 She loves cooking.
    • 3 They don't live here anymore.
    • 4 Utility costs have gone up.
    • 5 Someone has to do it.
    • 6 They took out a mortgage.
    • 7 They live in lodgings.
    • 8 There's no garage in my house.
    • d It needs to be done.
    • h They've moved to another city.
    • e It's more expensive to use the flat now.
    • f She's in the kitchen all the time.
    • b I have to park my car outside.
    • a They borrowed money from a bank.
    • g She's on the ground floor.
    • c They pay for living in that room.

    Pozor! Půjčit něco někomu je lend (something to somebody), ale (vy)půjčit si něco od někoho je borrow (something from somebody). Např.: Can you lend me your car? - Můžeš mi půjčit auto? ALE Can I borrow your car? - Mohu si vypůjčit tvé auto? Sloveso lend je nepravidelné: lent (PT) - lent (PP).

    Exercise 10

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    • Převeďte věty do času budoucího průběhového. Všímejte si analogií časů.

    4 I won't stay.
    8 What were you wearing?
    2 We were watching him.
    7 We were eating out.
    1 I'll wait there.
    5 I was working on it.
    10 I've been watching you.
    6 I'm feeling tired.
    9 Who's looking after them?
    3 Who will do that?

    Exercise 11

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící slova.

    6 We have a big dining table. It can be used by to 8 people.
    3 He's in the now taking a shower.
    5 I'm really glad to seen you.
    1 He been watching TV since morning.
    2 There's a in our house because we like to sit by the fire.
    4 There's a high white around our back yard.
    9 There'll be a double for me and my husband in the bedroom.
    8 There's a lot of for storing things in the basement.
    7 There's a fireplace and a TV in the room downstairs.

    Pozor na rozdílné termíny: double bed - manželská postel (dvojlůžko) ALE twin bed jsou dvě samostatná lůžka (na hotelovém pokoji ap.) Twin twɪn je česky dvojče.

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slov z nápovědy.

    3 I'd help her right now if she ask me.
    6 We didn't have money so we have to take out a mortgage.
    2 I'd speak with him it before she arrived.
    7 I'm glad to have see it.
    8 She's be married to him for 10 years.
    5 He's been read it for hours.
    4 We've own the house for some 10 years.
    1 You should've call me yesterday.

    Exercise 13

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    9 Potřebují vlastní bydlení.
    home
    4 Utratili všechny své úspory.
    savings
    7 Bydlí v nájmu v třípokojovém bytě.
    two-bedroom flat
    5 Rádi sedí u krbu.
    fireplace
    8 Domácí zvýšil nájem o 10 procent.
    increase
    1 Kolem zahrady je vysoký plot.
    fence
    10 Nechali si postavit zbrusu nový dům.
    brand-new
    2 Dole (v přízemí) je velký obývák.
    living room
    3 Nechali si postavit bazén.
    pool
    11 Provedu vás po domě.
    give, tour
    6 Budou vás očekávat.
    expect
    12 Je skoro nemožné najít dostupné bydlení.
    affordable
    13 Naúčtovali mi víc. (při placení)
    overcharge

    Realtor je v americké angličtině realitní makléř či přeneseně realitka. Např. We sold our home through a realtor. - Prodali jsme dům přes realitku. V Británii se užívá spíše termín estate agent ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənt resp. estate agency ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənsɪ.

    Exercise 14

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    • Přepište věty z britské do americké angličtiny.

    7 I've bought new trousers.
    1 The bill please!
    2 I've run out of petrol.
    9 I live in a block of flats.
    10 I left it in the boot of my car.
    8 We'll take the underground.
    3 I'm hungry, mum!
    11 What's on at the cinema?
    4 I'll have chips.
    5 We'll watch a film.
    12 He was hit by a lorry.
    6 We live on the second floor.

    Obrat: be hit by se běžně užívá, když někoho srazí vozidlo ap. Např.: She was hit by a passing car. - Srazilo ji projíždějící auto.

    Exercise 15

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    • Doplňte věty tak, aby měly opačný význam. Kde lze, použijte odvozování pomocí předpon a přípon.

    10 We met three Englishmen. - We met three .
    3 She looked happy. - She looked .
    6 Their names are known. - Their names are .
    7 He's powerful. - He's .
    9 He became a waiter. - She became a .
    5 It'll be painful. - It'll be .
    8 She's female. - He's .
    4 They were careful. - They were .
    2 They have a home. - They're .
    1 She has children. - She's .

    Neighbourhood ˈneɪbəˌhʊd lze přeložit jako sousedství, ale je to v podstatě i čtvrť nebo část města, kde někdo bydlí. Např. in our neighbourhood - tam u nás (kde bydlíme.) Pravopis v americké angličtině je neighborhood stejně jako u slova neighbour - (v americké angličtině) neighbor ap.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přeložte.

    7 Stěhujeme se do jiného města.
    4 Každý den dojíždím do práce.
    8 To rád slyším.
    12 Srazilo ho auto.
    1 Přestěhovali se do nového domu.
    16 Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.
    17 Musel o tom vědět.
    14 Udělal jsem to omylem.
    9 Bydlím tady už 5 let.
    6 Budu nahoře. (v patře)
    15 Potkali jsme se náhodou.
    2 Bydlí teď mimo město.
    10 Bude muset bydlet v podnájmu.
    5 Vzali jsme si hypotéku.
    11 Byla to láska na první pohled.
    13 Víte to jistě?
    18 Měl jsi mi to říct.
    3 Splnili jsme si svůj sen.

    Termín landlord (land - zem + lord - pán) se obecně užívá pro majitele nemovitosti, který ji pronajímá. Ale pozor! Žena majitelka je landlady ˈlændˌleɪdɪ. Nájemník je anglicky tenant ˈtεnənt. Nájem jako smluvní vztah je lease liːs.

    Sunbathe (opalovat se) je v angličtině v podstatě doslova “koupat se ve slunci” nebo “brát sluneční lázeň”: sun (slunce) + bathe beɪð (koupat se).