Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    13 I'll give you a tour of the house.
    9 They fell in love at first sight.
    6 We had to take out a mortgage.
    4 They live in downtown Chicago.
    12 We moved in recently.
    2 How long have you lived here?
    14 Can you describe it in more detail?
    5 We don't have enough savings to buy a house.
    7 We'll be repaying it for 20 years.
    11 The rent went up by 30 per cent.
    15 We'll have a barbecue in the backyard.
    3 We used to live outside the city.
    1 Do you rent or own your home?
    10 Our landlord increased the rent.
    8 They spent a lot of money on furniture.

    Rooms to rent jsou pokoje k pronájmu a House for sale je dům na prodej.

    Exercise 2

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    • Odpovězte na otázky podle úvodních článků.

    7 Did the Johnsons live together before their marriage?
    1 How many miles does he travel to work and back every day?
    3 Is it true that the Johnsons are both American by birth?
    10 Does Mrs Johnson like cooking?
    6 How many cars can be parked in their garage?
    2 How much has the landlord increased the rent?
    9 Do the Johnsons want to have more children?
    4 How long has Mrs Johnson been married to Mr Johnson?
    5 Did the Johnsons keep their old downtown apartment?
    8 Which room in the Johnsons' house has a balcony?

    Běžný idiom keep up with the Joneses lze přeložit jako “držet krok s ostatními”, nebo “nenechat se zahanbit sousedy”, tedy snažit se mít za každou cenu všechno to, co mají i lidé kolem. Fráze keep up with znamená držet krok s či stačit (komu).

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 I'm really bad at DIY.
    • 2 Is there an attic in your house?
    • 3 Do you have kids?
    • 4 Do you rent or own?
    • 5 I don't commute.
    • 6 We don't have enough savings.
    • 7 How long have you lived here?
    • 8 What does it look like?
    • b I work from home.
    • c I can't repair anything.
    • a We have a flat of our own.
    • g Can you describe it to me?
    • f We moved in only recently.
    • h No, but we have a large basement.
    • d We'll have to take out a mortgage.
    • e No, but we want to start a family.

    Zkratka DIY pochází ze spojení do-it-yourself (udělej to sám). Může fungovat i jako přídavné jméno. Např.: DIY man je kutil, DIY shop je prodejna pro kutily ap.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    5 I'm afraid our bus is late. - No, it's on/at/in schedule.
    10 Are you coming to the party? - No, I'm not in the sight/mood/case for it.
    3 There was no one else with him. He was all in/on/by himself.
    1 I didn't plan on meeting him. We met of/by/in accident.
    8 They don't have their own home. They live in suburbs/utilities/lodgings.
    9 I paid 37 dollars instead of 31. They exchanged/overcharged/tipped me.
    7 I can't go there tonight. Can you go there instead at/in/of me?
    6 I know that for true/sure/hard. I heard him saying that.
    4 They saved him at/of/from being homeless.
    2 We didn't get anything in/on/at return for our help.

    We have people coming over. znamená: Má k nám někdo přijít., Budeme mít návštěvu. ap. My friends are coming over. - Přijdou ke mně kamarádi.

    Exercise 5

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    5 They'll be repaying their mortgage for more than 15 years.
    1 There's no front yard at the Johnsons' house.
    4 The Johnsons already have two kids.
    6 They bought a house which they liked at first sight.
    2 Mr Johnson is quite good at DIY.
    8 Up to eight people can eat in the kitchen.
    7 Guests can sleep on the second floor of their house.
    3 The home prices are higher now than they were 5 years ago.

    Exercise 6

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    • Doplňte chybějící část překladu.

    5 Potřebuji vlastní pokoj. I need a room of my .
    8 Rádi by založili rodinu. They'd like to a family.
    2 Majitel zvýšil nájem. The landlord has the rent.
    7 Je to třípokojový byt. It's a flat.
    4 Máme prostorný obývák. We have a spacious room.
    3 Bydlel jsem v podnájmu. I lived in .
    6 Pracuji na půl úvazku z domu. I work from home.
    1 Bydlíme v nájmu v malém bytě. We a small flat.

    Start znamená česky nejen začít, ale také něco založit nebo rozjet. Např.: start a business - rozjet podnikání, He started a company. - Založil firmu. ap.

    Exercise 7

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    • Přepište věty pomocí stažených tvarů.

    1 How is your family? - your family?
    3 He is really sorry. - really sorry.
    4 He has done a bad thing. - done a bad thing.
    2 How has he been doing? - he been doing?
    6 You had better go now. - better go now.
    9 I would have come but I could not. - I come but I .
    5 They had been there before. - been there before.
    8 I would love to see it. - love to see it.
    7 I cannot tell you. He would be angry. - I tell you. be angry.

    Exercise 8

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    • Vyberte vhodná slova.

    11 A one-room flat is usually called a lounge/studio/living apartment in American English.
    2 It can be very dangerous. You should be careless/cared/careful.
    8 You should book the tickets on/at/in advance.
    1 I can't do anything. I'm powerless/powerful/powering.
    9 He has to go in/on/by car. He feels sick when travelling in/by/on the bus.
    7 It must have cost/costed/costing a lot of money.
    4 We love water. We had a fence/lounge/pool built behind the house.
    3 How do you deal of/after/with commuting and traffic jams?
    6 I had it repaired. - How much did they cost/charge/price you for that?
    10 Take the underground if you don't want to be stuck in a traffic ham/jam/yard.
    5 I'm sorry for not had/have/having replied before.

    Be stuck znamená vězet (nemoci pryč). Get stuck (změna stavu) je potom česky zůstat vězet/trčet. Např.: I got stuck in jam. - Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.

    Exercise 9

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    • Spojte výroky, které znamenají přibližně totéž.

    • 1 She's downstairs.
    • 2 She loves cooking.
    • 3 They don't live here anymore.
    • 4 Utility costs have gone up.
    • 5 Someone has to do it.
    • 6 They took out a mortgage.
    • 7 They live in lodgings.
    • 8 There's no garage in my house.
    • d It needs to be done.
    • h They've moved to another city.
    • f She's in the kitchen all the time.
    • e It's more expensive to use the flat now.
    • g She's on the ground floor.
    • a They borrowed money from a bank.
    • b I have to park my car outside.
    • c They pay for living in that room.

    Pozor! Půjčit něco někomu je lend (something to somebody), ale (vy)půjčit si něco od někoho je borrow (something from somebody). Např.: Can you lend me your car? - Můžeš mi půjčit auto? ALE Can I borrow your car? - Mohu si vypůjčit tvé auto? Sloveso lend je nepravidelné: lent (PT) - lent (PP).

    Exercise 10

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    • Převeďte věty do času budoucího průběhového. Všímejte si analogií časů.

    8 What were you wearing?
    2 We were watching him.
    7 We were eating out.
    9 Who's looking after them?
    6 I'm feeling tired.
    10 I've been watching you.
    5 I was working on it.
    3 Who will do that?
    4 I won't stay.
    1 I'll wait there.

    Exercise 11

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící slova.

    1 He been watching TV since morning.
    6 We have a big dining table. It can be used by to 8 people.
    2 There's a in our house because we like to sit by the fire.
    9 There'll be a double for me and my husband in the bedroom.
    7 There's a fireplace and a TV in the room downstairs.
    8 There's a lot of for storing things in the basement.
    5 I'm really glad to seen you.
    4 There's a high white around our back yard.
    3 He's in the now taking a shower.

    Pozor na rozdílné termíny: double bed - manželská postel (dvojlůžko) ALE twin bed jsou dvě samostatná lůžka (na hotelovém pokoji ap.) Twin twɪn je česky dvojče.

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slov z nápovědy.

    1 You should've call me yesterday.
    3 I'd help her right now if she ask me.
    2 I'd speak with him it before she arrived.
    8 She's be married to him for 10 years.
    5 He's been read it for hours.
    6 We didn't have money so we have to take out a mortgage.
    4 We've own the house for some 10 years.
    7 I'm glad to have see it.

    Exercise 13

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    9 Potřebují vlastní bydlení.
    home
    4 Utratili všechny své úspory.
    savings
    5 Rádi sedí u krbu.
    fireplace
    8 Domácí zvýšil nájem o 10 procent.
    increase
    13 Naúčtovali mi víc. (při placení)
    overcharge
    6 Budou vás očekávat.
    expect
    3 Nechali si postavit bazén.
    pool
    10 Nechali si postavit zbrusu nový dům.
    brand-new
    1 Kolem zahrady je vysoký plot.
    fence
    12 Je skoro nemožné najít dostupné bydlení.
    affordable
    11 Provedu vás po domě.
    give, tour
    2 Dole (v přízemí) je velký obývák.
    living room
    7 Bydlí v nájmu v třípokojovém bytě.
    two-bedroom flat

    Realtor je v americké angličtině realitní makléř či přeneseně realitka. Např. We sold our home through a realtor. - Prodali jsme dům přes realitku. V Británii se užívá spíše termín estate agent ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənt resp. estate agency ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənsɪ.

    Exercise 14

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    • Přepište věty z britské do americké angličtiny.

    7 I've bought new trousers.
    9 I live in a block of flats.
    6 We live on the second floor.
    11 What's on at the cinema?
    1 The bill please!
    4 I'll have chips.
    10 I left it in the boot of my car.
    12 He was hit by a lorry.
    8 We'll take the underground.
    5 We'll watch a film.
    3 I'm hungry, mum!
    2 I've run out of petrol.

    Obrat: be hit by se běžně užívá, když někoho srazí vozidlo ap. Např.: She was hit by a passing car. - Srazilo ji projíždějící auto.

    Exercise 15

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    • Doplňte věty tak, aby měly opačný význam. Kde lze, použijte odvozování pomocí předpon a přípon.

    1 She has children. - She's .
    9 He became a waiter. - She became a .
    5 It'll be painful. - It'll be .
    4 They were careful. - They were .
    7 He's powerful. - He's .
    6 Their names are known. - Their names are .
    10 We met three Englishmen. - We met three .
    3 She looked happy. - She looked .
    8 She's female. - He's .
    2 They have a home. - They're .

    Neighbourhood ˈneɪbəˌhʊd lze přeložit jako sousedství, ale je to v podstatě i čtvrť nebo část města, kde někdo bydlí. Např. in our neighbourhood - tam u nás (kde bydlíme.) Pravopis v americké angličtině je neighborhood stejně jako u slova neighbour - (v americké angličtině) neighbor ap.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přeložte.

    17 Musel o tom vědět.
    9 Bydlím tady už 5 let.
    2 Bydlí teď mimo město.
    10 Bude muset bydlet v podnájmu.
    11 Byla to láska na první pohled.
    15 Potkali jsme se náhodou.
    8 To rád slyším.
    16 Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.
    5 Vzali jsme si hypotéku.
    14 Udělal jsem to omylem.
    6 Budu nahoře. (v patře)
    7 Stěhujeme se do jiného města.
    3 Splnili jsme si svůj sen.
    12 Srazilo ho auto.
    13 Víte to jistě?
    18 Měl jsi mi to říct.
    1 Přestěhovali se do nového domu.
    4 Každý den dojíždím do práce.

    Termín landlord (land - zem + lord - pán) se obecně užívá pro majitele nemovitosti, který ji pronajímá. Ale pozor! Žena majitelka je landlady ˈlændˌleɪdɪ. Nájemník je anglicky tenant ˈtεnənt. Nájem jako smluvní vztah je lease liːs.

    Sunbathe (opalovat se) je v angličtině v podstatě doslova “koupat se ve slunci” nebo “brát sluneční lázeň”: sun (slunce) + bathe beɪð (koupat se).