Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    12 We moved in recently.
    10 Our landlord increased the rent.
    2 How long have you lived here?
    3 We used to live outside the city.
    15 We'll have a barbecue in the backyard.
    11 The rent went up by 30 per cent.
    8 They spent a lot of money on furniture.
    14 Can you describe it in more detail?
    9 They fell in love at first sight.
    4 They live in downtown Chicago.
    13 I'll give you a tour of the house.
    1 Do you rent or own your home?
    5 We don't have enough savings to buy a house.
    7 We'll be repaying it for 20 years.
    6 We had to take out a mortgage.

    Rooms to rent jsou pokoje k pronájmu a House for sale je dům na prodej.

    Exercise 2

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    • Odpovězte na otázky podle úvodních článků.

    3 Is it true that the Johnsons are both American by birth?
    9 Do the Johnsons want to have more children?
    5 Did the Johnsons keep their old downtown apartment?
    6 How many cars can be parked in their garage?
    2 How much has the landlord increased the rent?
    8 Which room in the Johnsons' house has a balcony?
    1 How many miles does he travel to work and back every day?
    4 How long has Mrs Johnson been married to Mr Johnson?
    10 Does Mrs Johnson like cooking?
    7 Did the Johnsons live together before their marriage?

    Běžný idiom keep up with the Joneses lze přeložit jako “držet krok s ostatními”, nebo “nenechat se zahanbit sousedy”, tedy snažit se mít za každou cenu všechno to, co mají i lidé kolem. Fráze keep up with znamená držet krok s či stačit (komu).

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 I'm really bad at DIY.
    • 2 Is there an attic in your house?
    • 3 Do you have kids?
    • 4 Do you rent or own?
    • 5 I don't commute.
    • 6 We don't have enough savings.
    • 7 How long have you lived here?
    • 8 What does it look like?
    • h No, but we have a large basement.
    • e No, but we want to start a family.
    • f We moved in only recently.
    • g Can you describe it to me?
    • d We'll have to take out a mortgage.
    • b I work from home.
    • c I can't repair anything.
    • a We have a flat of our own.

    Zkratka DIY pochází ze spojení do-it-yourself (udělej to sám). Může fungovat i jako přídavné jméno. Např.: DIY man je kutil, DIY shop je prodejna pro kutily ap.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    2 We didn't get anything in/on/at return for our help.
    1 I didn't plan on meeting him. We met of/by/in accident.
    5 I'm afraid our bus is late. - No, it's on/at/in schedule.
    10 Are you coming to the party? - No, I'm not in the sight/mood/case for it.
    8 They don't have their own home. They live in suburbs/utilities/lodgings.
    4 They saved him at/of/from being homeless.
    7 I can't go there tonight. Can you go there instead at/in/of me?
    9 I paid 37 dollars instead of 31. They exchanged/overcharged/tipped me.
    3 There was no one else with him. He was all in/on/by himself.
    6 I know that for true/sure/hard. I heard him saying that.

    We have people coming over. znamená: Má k nám někdo přijít., Budeme mít návštěvu. ap. My friends are coming over. - Přijdou ke mně kamarádi.

    Exercise 5

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    5 They'll be repaying their mortgage for more than 15 years.
    3 The home prices are higher now than they were 5 years ago.
    4 The Johnsons already have two kids.
    1 There's no front yard at the Johnsons' house.
    2 Mr Johnson is quite good at DIY.
    8 Up to eight people can eat in the kitchen.
    7 Guests can sleep on the second floor of their house.
    6 They bought a house which they liked at first sight.

    Exercise 6

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    • Doplňte chybějící část překladu.

    1 Bydlíme v nájmu v malém bytě. We a small flat.
    8 Rádi by založili rodinu. They'd like to a family.
    7 Je to třípokojový byt. It's a flat.
    4 Máme prostorný obývák. We have a spacious room.
    3 Bydlel jsem v podnájmu. I lived in .
    5 Potřebuji vlastní pokoj. I need a room of my .
    6 Pracuji na půl úvazku z domu. I work from home.
    2 Majitel zvýšil nájem. The landlord has the rent.

    Start znamená česky nejen začít, ale také něco založit nebo rozjet. Např.: start a business - rozjet podnikání, He started a company. - Založil firmu. ap.

    Exercise 7

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    • Přepište věty pomocí stažených tvarů.

    2 How has he been doing? - he been doing?
    1 How is your family? - your family?
    4 He has done a bad thing. - done a bad thing.
    8 I would love to see it. - love to see it.
    7 I cannot tell you. He would be angry. - I tell you. be angry.
    9 I would have come but I could not. - I come but I .
    5 They had been there before. - been there before.
    6 You had better go now. - better go now.
    3 He is really sorry. - really sorry.

    Exercise 8

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    • Vyberte vhodná slova.

    1 I can't do anything. I'm powerless/powerful/powering.
    2 It can be very dangerous. You should be careless/cared/careful.
    7 It must have cost/costed/costing a lot of money.
    10 Take the underground if you don't want to be stuck in a traffic ham/jam/yard.
    6 I had it repaired. - How much did they cost/charge/price you for that?
    3 How do you deal of/after/with commuting and traffic jams?
    8 You should book the tickets on/at/in advance.
    4 We love water. We had a fence/lounge/pool built behind the house.
    5 I'm sorry for not had/have/having replied before.
    11 A one-room flat is usually called a lounge/studio/living apartment in American English.
    9 He has to go in/on/by car. He feels sick when travelling in/by/on the bus.

    Be stuck znamená vězet (nemoci pryč). Get stuck (změna stavu) je potom česky zůstat vězet/trčet. Např.: I got stuck in jam. - Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.

    Exercise 9

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    • Spojte výroky, které znamenají přibližně totéž.

    • 1 She's downstairs.
    • 2 She loves cooking.
    • 3 They don't live here anymore.
    • 4 Utility costs have gone up.
    • 5 Someone has to do it.
    • 6 They took out a mortgage.
    • 7 They live in lodgings.
    • 8 There's no garage in my house.
    • a They borrowed money from a bank.
    • c They pay for living in that room.
    • b I have to park my car outside.
    • h They've moved to another city.
    • g She's on the ground floor.
    • f She's in the kitchen all the time.
    • e It's more expensive to use the flat now.
    • d It needs to be done.

    Pozor! Půjčit něco někomu je lend (something to somebody), ale (vy)půjčit si něco od někoho je borrow (something from somebody). Např.: Can you lend me your car? - Můžeš mi půjčit auto? ALE Can I borrow your car? - Mohu si vypůjčit tvé auto? Sloveso lend je nepravidelné: lent (PT) - lent (PP).

    Exercise 10

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    • Převeďte věty do času budoucího průběhového. Všímejte si analogií časů.

    8 What were you wearing?
    7 We were eating out.
    5 I was working on it.
    4 I won't stay.
    10 I've been watching you.
    1 I'll wait there.
    6 I'm feeling tired.
    9 Who's looking after them?
    3 Who will do that?
    2 We were watching him.

    Exercise 11

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící slova.

    1 He been watching TV since morning.
    2 There's a in our house because we like to sit by the fire.
    6 We have a big dining table. It can be used by to 8 people.
    7 There's a fireplace and a TV in the room downstairs.
    3 He's in the now taking a shower.
    5 I'm really glad to seen you.
    4 There's a high white around our back yard.
    9 There'll be a double for me and my husband in the bedroom.
    8 There's a lot of for storing things in the basement.

    Pozor na rozdílné termíny: double bed - manželská postel (dvojlůžko) ALE twin bed jsou dvě samostatná lůžka (na hotelovém pokoji ap.) Twin twɪn je česky dvojče.

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slov z nápovědy.

    2 I'd speak with him it before she arrived.
    4 We've own the house for some 10 years.
    5 He's been read it for hours.
    8 She's be married to him for 10 years.
    7 I'm glad to have see it.
    1 You should've call me yesterday.
    3 I'd help her right now if she ask me.
    6 We didn't have money so we have to take out a mortgage.

    Exercise 13

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    5 Rádi sedí u krbu.
    fireplace
    10 Nechali si postavit zbrusu nový dům.
    brand-new
    11 Provedu vás po domě.
    give, tour
    3 Nechali si postavit bazén.
    pool
    1 Kolem zahrady je vysoký plot.
    fence
    7 Bydlí v nájmu v třípokojovém bytě.
    two-bedroom flat
    6 Budou vás očekávat.
    expect
    13 Naúčtovali mi víc. (při placení)
    overcharge
    9 Potřebují vlastní bydlení.
    home
    2 Dole (v přízemí) je velký obývák.
    living room
    12 Je skoro nemožné najít dostupné bydlení.
    affordable
    8 Domácí zvýšil nájem o 10 procent.
    increase
    4 Utratili všechny své úspory.
    savings

    Realtor je v americké angličtině realitní makléř či přeneseně realitka. Např. We sold our home through a realtor. - Prodali jsme dům přes realitku. V Británii se užívá spíše termín estate agent ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənt resp. estate agency ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənsɪ.

    Exercise 14

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    • Přepište věty z britské do americké angličtiny.

    10 I left it in the boot of my car.
    9 I live in a block of flats.
    1 The bill please!
    4 I'll have chips.
    7 I've bought new trousers.
    3 I'm hungry, mum!
    6 We live on the second floor.
    8 We'll take the underground.
    2 I've run out of petrol.
    5 We'll watch a film.
    12 He was hit by a lorry.
    11 What's on at the cinema?

    Obrat: be hit by se běžně užívá, když někoho srazí vozidlo ap. Např.: She was hit by a passing car. - Srazilo ji projíždějící auto.

    Exercise 15

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    • Doplňte věty tak, aby měly opačný význam. Kde lze, použijte odvozování pomocí předpon a přípon.

    6 Their names are known. - Their names are .
    4 They were careful. - They were .
    2 They have a home. - They're .
    1 She has children. - She's .
    5 It'll be painful. - It'll be .
    10 We met three Englishmen. - We met three .
    7 He's powerful. - He's .
    9 He became a waiter. - She became a .
    8 She's female. - He's .
    3 She looked happy. - She looked .

    Neighbourhood ˈneɪbəˌhʊd lze přeložit jako sousedství, ale je to v podstatě i čtvrť nebo část města, kde někdo bydlí. Např. in our neighbourhood - tam u nás (kde bydlíme.) Pravopis v americké angličtině je neighborhood stejně jako u slova neighbour - (v americké angličtině) neighbor ap.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přeložte.

    4 Každý den dojíždím do práce.
    6 Budu nahoře. (v patře)
    16 Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.
    14 Udělal jsem to omylem.
    5 Vzali jsme si hypotéku.
    15 Potkali jsme se náhodou.
    1 Přestěhovali se do nového domu.
    12 Srazilo ho auto.
    18 Měl jsi mi to říct.
    17 Musel o tom vědět.
    7 Stěhujeme se do jiného města.
    3 Splnili jsme si svůj sen.
    9 Bydlím tady už 5 let.
    2 Bydlí teď mimo město.
    10 Bude muset bydlet v podnájmu.
    13 Víte to jistě?
    8 To rád slyším.
    11 Byla to láska na první pohled.

    Termín landlord (land - zem + lord - pán) se obecně užívá pro majitele nemovitosti, který ji pronajímá. Ale pozor! Žena majitelka je landlady ˈlændˌleɪdɪ. Nájemník je anglicky tenant ˈtεnənt. Nájem jako smluvní vztah je lease liːs.

    Sunbathe (opalovat se) je v angličtině v podstatě doslova “koupat se ve slunci” nebo “brát sluneční lázeň”: sun (slunce) + bathe beɪð (koupat se).