Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    9 They fell in love at first sight.
    15 We'll have a barbecue in the backyard.
    10 Our landlord increased the rent.
    2 How long have you lived here?
    13 I'll give you a tour of the house.
    3 We used to live outside the city.
    12 We moved in recently.
    11 The rent went up by 30 per cent.
    1 Do you rent or own your home?
    5 We don't have enough savings to buy a house.
    4 They live in downtown Chicago.
    8 They spent a lot of money on furniture.
    7 We'll be repaying it for 20 years.
    6 We had to take out a mortgage.
    14 Can you describe it in more detail?

    Rooms to rent jsou pokoje k pronájmu a House for sale je dům na prodej.

    Exercise 2

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    • Odpovězte na otázky podle úvodních článků.

    3 Is it true that the Johnsons are both American by birth?
    6 How many cars can be parked in their garage?
    5 Did the Johnsons keep their old downtown apartment?
    4 How long has Mrs Johnson been married to Mr Johnson?
    9 Do the Johnsons want to have more children?
    10 Does Mrs Johnson like cooking?
    8 Which room in the Johnsons' house has a balcony?
    7 Did the Johnsons live together before their marriage?
    1 How many miles does he travel to work and back every day?
    2 How much has the landlord increased the rent?

    Běžný idiom keep up with the Joneses lze přeložit jako “držet krok s ostatními”, nebo “nenechat se zahanbit sousedy”, tedy snažit se mít za každou cenu všechno to, co mají i lidé kolem. Fráze keep up with znamená držet krok s či stačit (komu).

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 I'm really bad at DIY.
    • 2 Is there an attic in your house?
    • 3 Do you have kids?
    • 4 Do you rent or own?
    • 5 I don't commute.
    • 6 We don't have enough savings.
    • 7 How long have you lived here?
    • 8 What does it look like?
    • b I work from home.
    • a We have a flat of our own.
    • f We moved in only recently.
    • g Can you describe it to me?
    • d We'll have to take out a mortgage.
    • e No, but we want to start a family.
    • c I can't repair anything.
    • h No, but we have a large basement.

    Zkratka DIY pochází ze spojení do-it-yourself (udělej to sám). Může fungovat i jako přídavné jméno. Např.: DIY man je kutil, DIY shop je prodejna pro kutily ap.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    10 Are you coming to the party? - No, I'm not in the sight/mood/case for it.
    7 I can't go there tonight. Can you go there instead at/in/of me?
    5 I'm afraid our bus is late. - No, it's on/at/in schedule.
    8 They don't have their own home. They live in suburbs/utilities/lodgings.
    3 There was no one else with him. He was all in/on/by himself.
    4 They saved him at/of/from being homeless.
    9 I paid 37 dollars instead of 31. They exchanged/overcharged/tipped me.
    1 I didn't plan on meeting him. We met of/by/in accident.
    6 I know that for true/sure/hard. I heard him saying that.
    2 We didn't get anything in/on/at return for our help.

    We have people coming over. znamená: Má k nám někdo přijít., Budeme mít návštěvu. ap. My friends are coming over. - Přijdou ke mně kamarádi.

    Exercise 5

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    4 The Johnsons already have two kids.
    2 Mr Johnson is quite good at DIY.
    5 They'll be repaying their mortgage for more than 15 years.
    6 They bought a house which they liked at first sight.
    1 There's no front yard at the Johnsons' house.
    8 Up to eight people can eat in the kitchen.
    7 Guests can sleep on the second floor of their house.
    3 The home prices are higher now than they were 5 years ago.

    Exercise 6

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    • Doplňte chybějící část překladu.

    5 Potřebuji vlastní pokoj. I need a room of my .
    7 Je to třípokojový byt. It's a flat.
    1 Bydlíme v nájmu v malém bytě. We a small flat.
    2 Majitel zvýšil nájem. The landlord has the rent.
    3 Bydlel jsem v podnájmu. I lived in .
    4 Máme prostorný obývák. We have a spacious room.
    6 Pracuji na půl úvazku z domu. I work from home.
    8 Rádi by založili rodinu. They'd like to a family.

    Start znamená česky nejen začít, ale také něco založit nebo rozjet. Např.: start a business - rozjet podnikání, He started a company. - Založil firmu. ap.

    Exercise 7

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    • Přepište věty pomocí stažených tvarů.

    7 I cannot tell you. He would be angry. - I tell you. be angry.
    9 I would have come but I could not. - I come but I .
    8 I would love to see it. - love to see it.
    1 How is your family? - your family?
    6 You had better go now. - better go now.
    4 He has done a bad thing. - done a bad thing.
    5 They had been there before. - been there before.
    3 He is really sorry. - really sorry.
    2 How has he been doing? - he been doing?

    Exercise 8

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    • Vyberte vhodná slova.

    1 I can't do anything. I'm powerless/powerful/powering.
    9 He has to go in/on/by car. He feels sick when travelling in/by/on the bus.
    11 A one-room flat is usually called a lounge/studio/living apartment in American English.
    2 It can be very dangerous. You should be careless/cared/careful.
    10 Take the underground if you don't want to be stuck in a traffic ham/jam/yard.
    8 You should book the tickets on/at/in advance.
    4 We love water. We had a fence/lounge/pool built behind the house.
    3 How do you deal of/after/with commuting and traffic jams?
    5 I'm sorry for not had/have/having replied before.
    7 It must have cost/costed/costing a lot of money.
    6 I had it repaired. - How much did they cost/charge/price you for that?

    Be stuck znamená vězet (nemoci pryč). Get stuck (změna stavu) je potom česky zůstat vězet/trčet. Např.: I got stuck in jam. - Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.

    Exercise 9

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    • Spojte výroky, které znamenají přibližně totéž.

    • 1 She's downstairs.
    • 2 She loves cooking.
    • 3 They don't live here anymore.
    • 4 Utility costs have gone up.
    • 5 Someone has to do it.
    • 6 They took out a mortgage.
    • 7 They live in lodgings.
    • 8 There's no garage in my house.
    • a They borrowed money from a bank.
    • e It's more expensive to use the flat now.
    • b I have to park my car outside.
    • h They've moved to another city.
    • d It needs to be done.
    • f She's in the kitchen all the time.
    • c They pay for living in that room.
    • g She's on the ground floor.

    Pozor! Půjčit něco někomu je lend (something to somebody), ale (vy)půjčit si něco od někoho je borrow (something from somebody). Např.: Can you lend me your car? - Můžeš mi půjčit auto? ALE Can I borrow your car? - Mohu si vypůjčit tvé auto? Sloveso lend je nepravidelné: lent (PT) - lent (PP).

    Exercise 10

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    • Převeďte věty do času budoucího průběhového. Všímejte si analogií časů.

    5 I was working on it.
    1 I'll wait there.
    10 I've been watching you.
    7 We were eating out.
    4 I won't stay.
    8 What were you wearing?
    2 We were watching him.
    6 I'm feeling tired.
    9 Who's looking after them?
    3 Who will do that?

    Exercise 11

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící slova.

    3 He's in the now taking a shower.
    6 We have a big dining table. It can be used by to 8 people.
    7 There's a fireplace and a TV in the room downstairs.
    1 He been watching TV since morning.
    9 There'll be a double for me and my husband in the bedroom.
    5 I'm really glad to seen you.
    4 There's a high white around our back yard.
    8 There's a lot of for storing things in the basement.
    2 There's a in our house because we like to sit by the fire.

    Pozor na rozdílné termíny: double bed - manželská postel (dvojlůžko) ALE twin bed jsou dvě samostatná lůžka (na hotelovém pokoji ap.) Twin twɪn je česky dvojče.

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slov z nápovědy.

    6 We didn't have money so we have to take out a mortgage.
    4 We've own the house for some 10 years.
    5 He's been read it for hours.
    2 I'd speak with him it before she arrived.
    7 I'm glad to have see it.
    1 You should've call me yesterday.
    8 She's be married to him for 10 years.
    3 I'd help her right now if she ask me.

    Exercise 13

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    12 Je skoro nemožné najít dostupné bydlení.
    affordable
    13 Naúčtovali mi víc. (při placení)
    overcharge
    10 Nechali si postavit zbrusu nový dům.
    brand-new
    9 Potřebují vlastní bydlení.
    home
    7 Bydlí v nájmu v třípokojovém bytě.
    two-bedroom flat
    6 Budou vás očekávat.
    expect
    11 Provedu vás po domě.
    give, tour
    3 Nechali si postavit bazén.
    pool
    4 Utratili všechny své úspory.
    savings
    2 Dole (v přízemí) je velký obývák.
    living room
    1 Kolem zahrady je vysoký plot.
    fence
    8 Domácí zvýšil nájem o 10 procent.
    increase
    5 Rádi sedí u krbu.
    fireplace

    Realtor je v americké angličtině realitní makléř či přeneseně realitka. Např. We sold our home through a realtor. - Prodali jsme dům přes realitku. V Británii se užívá spíše termín estate agent ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənt resp. estate agency ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənsɪ.

    Exercise 14

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    • Přepište věty z britské do americké angličtiny.

    6 We live on the second floor.
    9 I live in a block of flats.
    2 I've run out of petrol.
    5 We'll watch a film.
    10 I left it in the boot of my car.
    11 What's on at the cinema?
    3 I'm hungry, mum!
    8 We'll take the underground.
    4 I'll have chips.
    7 I've bought new trousers.
    12 He was hit by a lorry.
    1 The bill please!

    Obrat: be hit by se běžně užívá, když někoho srazí vozidlo ap. Např.: She was hit by a passing car. - Srazilo ji projíždějící auto.

    Exercise 15

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    • Doplňte věty tak, aby měly opačný význam. Kde lze, použijte odvozování pomocí předpon a přípon.

    9 He became a waiter. - She became a .
    7 He's powerful. - He's .
    3 She looked happy. - She looked .
    4 They were careful. - They were .
    8 She's female. - He's .
    2 They have a home. - They're .
    6 Their names are known. - Their names are .
    1 She has children. - She's .
    5 It'll be painful. - It'll be .
    10 We met three Englishmen. - We met three .

    Neighbourhood ˈneɪbəˌhʊd lze přeložit jako sousedství, ale je to v podstatě i čtvrť nebo část města, kde někdo bydlí. Např. in our neighbourhood - tam u nás (kde bydlíme.) Pravopis v americké angličtině je neighborhood stejně jako u slova neighbour - (v americké angličtině) neighbor ap.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přeložte.

    6 Budu nahoře. (v patře)
    7 Stěhujeme se do jiného města.
    11 Byla to láska na první pohled.
    16 Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.
    10 Bude muset bydlet v podnájmu.
    12 Srazilo ho auto.
    15 Potkali jsme se náhodou.
    18 Měl jsi mi to říct.
    1 Přestěhovali se do nového domu.
    13 Víte to jistě?
    8 To rád slyším.
    3 Splnili jsme si svůj sen.
    2 Bydlí teď mimo město.
    5 Vzali jsme si hypotéku.
    14 Udělal jsem to omylem.
    4 Každý den dojíždím do práce.
    9 Bydlím tady už 5 let.
    17 Musel o tom vědět.

    Termín landlord (land - zem + lord - pán) se obecně užívá pro majitele nemovitosti, který ji pronajímá. Ale pozor! Žena majitelka je landlady ˈlændˌleɪdɪ. Nájemník je anglicky tenant ˈtεnənt. Nájem jako smluvní vztah je lease liːs.

    Sunbathe (opalovat se) je v angličtině v podstatě doslova “koupat se ve slunci” nebo “brát sluneční lázeň”: sun (slunce) + bathe beɪð (koupat se).