Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    1 Do you rent or own your home?
    7 We'll be repaying it for 20 years.
    11 The rent went up by 30 per cent.
    12 We moved in recently.
    10 Our landlord increased the rent.
    5 We don't have enough savings to buy a house.
    14 Can you describe it in more detail?
    13 I'll give you a tour of the house.
    4 They live in downtown Chicago.
    8 They spent a lot of money on furniture.
    9 They fell in love at first sight.
    15 We'll have a barbecue in the backyard.
    2 How long have you lived here?
    6 We had to take out a mortgage.
    3 We used to live outside the city.

    Rooms to rent jsou pokoje k pronájmu a House for sale je dům na prodej.

    Exercise 2

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    • Odpovězte na otázky podle úvodních článků.

    9 Do the Johnsons want to have more children?
    5 Did the Johnsons keep their old downtown apartment?
    4 How long has Mrs Johnson been married to Mr Johnson?
    6 How many cars can be parked in their garage?
    3 Is it true that the Johnsons are both American by birth?
    1 How many miles does he travel to work and back every day?
    7 Did the Johnsons live together before their marriage?
    2 How much has the landlord increased the rent?
    10 Does Mrs Johnson like cooking?
    8 Which room in the Johnsons' house has a balcony?

    Běžný idiom keep up with the Joneses lze přeložit jako “držet krok s ostatními”, nebo “nenechat se zahanbit sousedy”, tedy snažit se mít za každou cenu všechno to, co mají i lidé kolem. Fráze keep up with znamená držet krok s či stačit (komu).

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 I'm really bad at DIY.
    • 2 Is there an attic in your house?
    • 3 Do you have kids?
    • 4 Do you rent or own?
    • 5 I don't commute.
    • 6 We don't have enough savings.
    • 7 How long have you lived here?
    • 8 What does it look like?
    • b I work from home.
    • c I can't repair anything.
    • h No, but we have a large basement.
    • d We'll have to take out a mortgage.
    • g Can you describe it to me?
    • f We moved in only recently.
    • a We have a flat of our own.
    • e No, but we want to start a family.

    Zkratka DIY pochází ze spojení do-it-yourself (udělej to sám). Může fungovat i jako přídavné jméno. Např.: DIY man je kutil, DIY shop je prodejna pro kutily ap.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    8 They don't have their own home. They live in suburbs/utilities/lodgings.
    3 There was no one else with him. He was all in/on/by himself.
    7 I can't go there tonight. Can you go there instead at/in/of me?
    5 I'm afraid our bus is late. - No, it's on/at/in schedule.
    10 Are you coming to the party? - No, I'm not in the sight/mood/case for it.
    4 They saved him at/of/from being homeless.
    2 We didn't get anything in/on/at return for our help.
    1 I didn't plan on meeting him. We met of/by/in accident.
    6 I know that for true/sure/hard. I heard him saying that.
    9 I paid 37 dollars instead of 31. They exchanged/overcharged/tipped me.

    We have people coming over. znamená: Má k nám někdo přijít., Budeme mít návštěvu. ap. My friends are coming over. - Přijdou ke mně kamarádi.

    Exercise 5

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    8 Up to eight people can eat in the kitchen.
    7 Guests can sleep on the second floor of their house.
    4 The Johnsons already have two kids.
    3 The home prices are higher now than they were 5 years ago.
    5 They'll be repaying their mortgage for more than 15 years.
    6 They bought a house which they liked at first sight.
    2 Mr Johnson is quite good at DIY.
    1 There's no front yard at the Johnsons' house.

    Exercise 6

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    • Doplňte chybějící část překladu.

    1 Bydlíme v nájmu v malém bytě. We a small flat.
    5 Potřebuji vlastní pokoj. I need a room of my .
    6 Pracuji na půl úvazku z domu. I work from home.
    7 Je to třípokojový byt. It's a flat.
    8 Rádi by založili rodinu. They'd like to a family.
    4 Máme prostorný obývák. We have a spacious room.
    3 Bydlel jsem v podnájmu. I lived in .
    2 Majitel zvýšil nájem. The landlord has the rent.

    Start znamená česky nejen začít, ale také něco založit nebo rozjet. Např.: start a business - rozjet podnikání, He started a company. - Založil firmu. ap.

    Exercise 7

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    • Přepište věty pomocí stažených tvarů.

    9 I would have come but I could not. - I come but I .
    4 He has done a bad thing. - done a bad thing.
    7 I cannot tell you. He would be angry. - I tell you. be angry.
    3 He is really sorry. - really sorry.
    8 I would love to see it. - love to see it.
    5 They had been there before. - been there before.
    2 How has he been doing? - he been doing?
    6 You had better go now. - better go now.
    1 How is your family? - your family?

    Exercise 8

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    • Vyberte vhodná slova.

    9 He has to go in/on/by car. He feels sick when travelling in/by/on the bus.
    4 We love water. We had a fence/lounge/pool built behind the house.
    11 A one-room flat is usually called a lounge/studio/living apartment in American English.
    1 I can't do anything. I'm powerless/powerful/powering.
    5 I'm sorry for not had/have/having replied before.
    3 How do you deal of/after/with commuting and traffic jams?
    2 It can be very dangerous. You should be careless/cared/careful.
    7 It must have cost/costed/costing a lot of money.
    8 You should book the tickets on/at/in advance.
    6 I had it repaired. - How much did they cost/charge/price you for that?
    10 Take the underground if you don't want to be stuck in a traffic ham/jam/yard.

    Be stuck znamená vězet (nemoci pryč). Get stuck (změna stavu) je potom česky zůstat vězet/trčet. Např.: I got stuck in jam. - Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.

    Exercise 9

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    • Spojte výroky, které znamenají přibližně totéž.

    • 1 She's downstairs.
    • 2 She loves cooking.
    • 3 They don't live here anymore.
    • 4 Utility costs have gone up.
    • 5 Someone has to do it.
    • 6 They took out a mortgage.
    • 7 They live in lodgings.
    • 8 There's no garage in my house.
    • g She's on the ground floor.
    • h They've moved to another city.
    • f She's in the kitchen all the time.
    • b I have to park my car outside.
    • e It's more expensive to use the flat now.
    • a They borrowed money from a bank.
    • d It needs to be done.
    • c They pay for living in that room.

    Pozor! Půjčit něco někomu je lend (something to somebody), ale (vy)půjčit si něco od někoho je borrow (something from somebody). Např.: Can you lend me your car? - Můžeš mi půjčit auto? ALE Can I borrow your car? - Mohu si vypůjčit tvé auto? Sloveso lend je nepravidelné: lent (PT) - lent (PP).

    Exercise 10

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    • Převeďte věty do času budoucího průběhového. Všímejte si analogií časů.

    6 I'm feeling tired.
    3 Who will do that?
    2 We were watching him.
    1 I'll wait there.
    8 What were you wearing?
    7 We were eating out.
    4 I won't stay.
    10 I've been watching you.
    9 Who's looking after them?
    5 I was working on it.

    Exercise 11

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící slova.

    2 There's a in our house because we like to sit by the fire.
    5 I'm really glad to seen you.
    6 We have a big dining table. It can be used by to 8 people.
    1 He been watching TV since morning.
    7 There's a fireplace and a TV in the room downstairs.
    4 There's a high white around our back yard.
    8 There's a lot of for storing things in the basement.
    3 He's in the now taking a shower.
    9 There'll be a double for me and my husband in the bedroom.

    Pozor na rozdílné termíny: double bed - manželská postel (dvojlůžko) ALE twin bed jsou dvě samostatná lůžka (na hotelovém pokoji ap.) Twin twɪn je česky dvojče.

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slov z nápovědy.

    2 I'd speak with him it before she arrived.
    3 I'd help her right now if she ask me.
    8 She's be married to him for 10 years.
    1 You should've call me yesterday.
    4 We've own the house for some 10 years.
    5 He's been read it for hours.
    7 I'm glad to have see it.
    6 We didn't have money so we have to take out a mortgage.

    Exercise 13

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    1 Kolem zahrady je vysoký plot.
    fence
    13 Naúčtovali mi víc. (při placení)
    overcharge
    7 Bydlí v nájmu v třípokojovém bytě.
    two-bedroom flat
    5 Rádi sedí u krbu.
    fireplace
    4 Utratili všechny své úspory.
    savings
    3 Nechali si postavit bazén.
    pool
    6 Budou vás očekávat.
    expect
    11 Provedu vás po domě.
    give, tour
    2 Dole (v přízemí) je velký obývák.
    living room
    12 Je skoro nemožné najít dostupné bydlení.
    affordable
    8 Domácí zvýšil nájem o 10 procent.
    increase
    10 Nechali si postavit zbrusu nový dům.
    brand-new
    9 Potřebují vlastní bydlení.
    home

    Realtor je v americké angličtině realitní makléř či přeneseně realitka. Např. We sold our home through a realtor. - Prodali jsme dům přes realitku. V Británii se užívá spíše termín estate agent ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənt resp. estate agency ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənsɪ.

    Exercise 14

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    • Přepište věty z britské do americké angličtiny.

    11 What's on at the cinema?
    10 I left it in the boot of my car.
    3 I'm hungry, mum!
    5 We'll watch a film.
    2 I've run out of petrol.
    6 We live on the second floor.
    4 I'll have chips.
    7 I've bought new trousers.
    9 I live in a block of flats.
    12 He was hit by a lorry.
    1 The bill please!
    8 We'll take the underground.

    Obrat: be hit by se běžně užívá, když někoho srazí vozidlo ap. Např.: She was hit by a passing car. - Srazilo ji projíždějící auto.

    Exercise 15

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    • Doplňte věty tak, aby měly opačný význam. Kde lze, použijte odvozování pomocí předpon a přípon.

    2 They have a home. - They're .
    1 She has children. - She's .
    4 They were careful. - They were .
    9 He became a waiter. - She became a .
    5 It'll be painful. - It'll be .
    10 We met three Englishmen. - We met three .
    8 She's female. - He's .
    3 She looked happy. - She looked .
    7 He's powerful. - He's .
    6 Their names are known. - Their names are .

    Neighbourhood ˈneɪbəˌhʊd lze přeložit jako sousedství, ale je to v podstatě i čtvrť nebo část města, kde někdo bydlí. Např. in our neighbourhood - tam u nás (kde bydlíme.) Pravopis v americké angličtině je neighborhood stejně jako u slova neighbour - (v americké angličtině) neighbor ap.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přeložte.

    8 To rád slyším.
    6 Budu nahoře. (v patře)
    12 Srazilo ho auto.
    7 Stěhujeme se do jiného města.
    10 Bude muset bydlet v podnájmu.
    16 Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.
    13 Víte to jistě?
    11 Byla to láska na první pohled.
    2 Bydlí teď mimo město.
    9 Bydlím tady už 5 let.
    1 Přestěhovali se do nového domu.
    18 Měl jsi mi to říct.
    4 Každý den dojíždím do práce.
    17 Musel o tom vědět.
    15 Potkali jsme se náhodou.
    5 Vzali jsme si hypotéku.
    3 Splnili jsme si svůj sen.
    14 Udělal jsem to omylem.

    Termín landlord (land - zem + lord - pán) se obecně užívá pro majitele nemovitosti, který ji pronajímá. Ale pozor! Žena majitelka je landlady ˈlændˌleɪdɪ. Nájemník je anglicky tenant ˈtεnənt. Nájem jako smluvní vztah je lease liːs.

    Sunbathe (opalovat se) je v angličtině v podstatě doslova “koupat se ve slunci” nebo “brát sluneční lázeň”: sun (slunce) + bathe beɪð (koupat se).