Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    14 Can you describe it in more detail?
    5 We don't have enough savings to buy a house.
    12 We moved in recently.
    6 We had to take out a mortgage.
    13 I'll give you a tour of the house.
    10 Our landlord increased the rent.
    11 The rent went up by 30 per cent.
    15 We'll have a barbecue in the backyard.
    1 Do you rent or own your home?
    7 We'll be repaying it for 20 years.
    3 We used to live outside the city.
    8 They spent a lot of money on furniture.
    9 They fell in love at first sight.
    4 They live in downtown Chicago.
    2 How long have you lived here?

    Rooms to rent jsou pokoje k pronájmu a House for sale je dům na prodej.

    Exercise 2

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    • Odpovězte na otázky podle úvodních článků.

    2 How much has the landlord increased the rent?
    4 How long has Mrs Johnson been married to Mr Johnson?
    5 Did the Johnsons keep their old downtown apartment?
    7 Did the Johnsons live together before their marriage?
    3 Is it true that the Johnsons are both American by birth?
    8 Which room in the Johnsons' house has a balcony?
    1 How many miles does he travel to work and back every day?
    10 Does Mrs Johnson like cooking?
    6 How many cars can be parked in their garage?
    9 Do the Johnsons want to have more children?

    Běžný idiom keep up with the Joneses lze přeložit jako “držet krok s ostatními”, nebo “nenechat se zahanbit sousedy”, tedy snažit se mít za každou cenu všechno to, co mají i lidé kolem. Fráze keep up with znamená držet krok s či stačit (komu).

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 I'm really bad at DIY.
    • 2 Is there an attic in your house?
    • 3 Do you have kids?
    • 4 Do you rent or own?
    • 5 I don't commute.
    • 6 We don't have enough savings.
    • 7 How long have you lived here?
    • 8 What does it look like?
    • d We'll have to take out a mortgage.
    • a We have a flat of our own.
    • b I work from home.
    • f We moved in only recently.
    • g Can you describe it to me?
    • e No, but we want to start a family.
    • c I can't repair anything.
    • h No, but we have a large basement.

    Zkratka DIY pochází ze spojení do-it-yourself (udělej to sám). Může fungovat i jako přídavné jméno. Např.: DIY man je kutil, DIY shop je prodejna pro kutily ap.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    8 They don't have their own home. They live in suburbs/utilities/lodgings.
    1 I didn't plan on meeting him. We met of/by/in accident.
    2 We didn't get anything in/on/at return for our help.
    5 I'm afraid our bus is late. - No, it's on/at/in schedule.
    6 I know that for true/sure/hard. I heard him saying that.
    9 I paid 37 dollars instead of 31. They exchanged/overcharged/tipped me.
    7 I can't go there tonight. Can you go there instead at/in/of me?
    4 They saved him at/of/from being homeless.
    3 There was no one else with him. He was all in/on/by himself.
    10 Are you coming to the party? - No, I'm not in the sight/mood/case for it.

    We have people coming over. znamená: Má k nám někdo přijít., Budeme mít návštěvu. ap. My friends are coming over. - Přijdou ke mně kamarádi.

    Exercise 5

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    4 The Johnsons already have two kids.
    7 Guests can sleep on the second floor of their house.
    3 The home prices are higher now than they were 5 years ago.
    6 They bought a house which they liked at first sight.
    2 Mr Johnson is quite good at DIY.
    1 There's no front yard at the Johnsons' house.
    8 Up to eight people can eat in the kitchen.
    5 They'll be repaying their mortgage for more than 15 years.

    Exercise 6

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    • Doplňte chybějící část překladu.

    2 Majitel zvýšil nájem. The landlord has the rent.
    6 Pracuji na půl úvazku z domu. I work from home.
    7 Je to třípokojový byt. It's a flat.
    1 Bydlíme v nájmu v malém bytě. We a small flat.
    5 Potřebuji vlastní pokoj. I need a room of my .
    8 Rádi by založili rodinu. They'd like to a family.
    3 Bydlel jsem v podnájmu. I lived in .
    4 Máme prostorný obývák. We have a spacious room.

    Start znamená česky nejen začít, ale také něco založit nebo rozjet. Např.: start a business - rozjet podnikání, He started a company. - Založil firmu. ap.

    Exercise 7

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    • Přepište věty pomocí stažených tvarů.

    2 How has he been doing? - he been doing?
    5 They had been there before. - been there before.
    3 He is really sorry. - really sorry.
    9 I would have come but I could not. - I come but I .
    1 How is your family? - your family?
    7 I cannot tell you. He would be angry. - I tell you. be angry.
    4 He has done a bad thing. - done a bad thing.
    6 You had better go now. - better go now.
    8 I would love to see it. - love to see it.

    Exercise 8

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    • Vyberte vhodná slova.

    7 It must have cost/costed/costing a lot of money.
    4 We love water. We had a fence/lounge/pool built behind the house.
    9 He has to go in/on/by car. He feels sick when travelling in/by/on the bus.
    1 I can't do anything. I'm powerless/powerful/powering.
    3 How do you deal of/after/with commuting and traffic jams?
    10 Take the underground if you don't want to be stuck in a traffic ham/jam/yard.
    11 A one-room flat is usually called a lounge/studio/living apartment in American English.
    2 It can be very dangerous. You should be careless/cared/careful.
    5 I'm sorry for not had/have/having replied before.
    6 I had it repaired. - How much did they cost/charge/price you for that?
    8 You should book the tickets on/at/in advance.

    Be stuck znamená vězet (nemoci pryč). Get stuck (změna stavu) je potom česky zůstat vězet/trčet. Např.: I got stuck in jam. - Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.

    Exercise 9

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    • Spojte výroky, které znamenají přibližně totéž.

    • 1 She's downstairs.
    • 2 She loves cooking.
    • 3 They don't live here anymore.
    • 4 Utility costs have gone up.
    • 5 Someone has to do it.
    • 6 They took out a mortgage.
    • 7 They live in lodgings.
    • 8 There's no garage in my house.
    • e It's more expensive to use the flat now.
    • a They borrowed money from a bank.
    • f She's in the kitchen all the time.
    • c They pay for living in that room.
    • b I have to park my car outside.
    • g She's on the ground floor.
    • d It needs to be done.
    • h They've moved to another city.

    Pozor! Půjčit něco někomu je lend (something to somebody), ale (vy)půjčit si něco od někoho je borrow (something from somebody). Např.: Can you lend me your car? - Můžeš mi půjčit auto? ALE Can I borrow your car? - Mohu si vypůjčit tvé auto? Sloveso lend je nepravidelné: lent (PT) - lent (PP).

    Exercise 10

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    • Převeďte věty do času budoucího průběhového. Všímejte si analogií časů.

    8 What were you wearing?
    3 Who will do that?
    5 I was working on it.
    4 I won't stay.
    6 I'm feeling tired.
    1 I'll wait there.
    7 We were eating out.
    10 I've been watching you.
    9 Who's looking after them?
    2 We were watching him.

    Exercise 11

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící slova.

    9 There'll be a double for me and my husband in the bedroom.
    4 There's a high white around our back yard.
    2 There's a in our house because we like to sit by the fire.
    5 I'm really glad to seen you.
    3 He's in the now taking a shower.
    1 He been watching TV since morning.
    8 There's a lot of for storing things in the basement.
    7 There's a fireplace and a TV in the room downstairs.
    6 We have a big dining table. It can be used by to 8 people.

    Pozor na rozdílné termíny: double bed - manželská postel (dvojlůžko) ALE twin bed jsou dvě samostatná lůžka (na hotelovém pokoji ap.) Twin twɪn je česky dvojče.

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slov z nápovědy.

    6 We didn't have money so we have to take out a mortgage.
    7 I'm glad to have see it.
    3 I'd help her right now if she ask me.
    8 She's be married to him for 10 years.
    2 I'd speak with him it before she arrived.
    4 We've own the house for some 10 years.
    1 You should've call me yesterday.
    5 He's been read it for hours.

    Exercise 13

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    11 Provedu vás po domě.
    give, tour
    1 Kolem zahrady je vysoký plot.
    fence
    12 Je skoro nemožné najít dostupné bydlení.
    affordable
    8 Domácí zvýšil nájem o 10 procent.
    increase
    3 Nechali si postavit bazén.
    pool
    13 Naúčtovali mi víc. (při placení)
    overcharge
    10 Nechali si postavit zbrusu nový dům.
    brand-new
    9 Potřebují vlastní bydlení.
    home
    7 Bydlí v nájmu v třípokojovém bytě.
    two-bedroom flat
    5 Rádi sedí u krbu.
    fireplace
    4 Utratili všechny své úspory.
    savings
    6 Budou vás očekávat.
    expect
    2 Dole (v přízemí) je velký obývák.
    living room

    Realtor je v americké angličtině realitní makléř či přeneseně realitka. Např. We sold our home through a realtor. - Prodali jsme dům přes realitku. V Británii se užívá spíše termín estate agent ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənt resp. estate agency ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənsɪ.

    Exercise 14

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    • Přepište věty z britské do americké angličtiny.

    9 I live in a block of flats.
    3 I'm hungry, mum!
    8 We'll take the underground.
    5 We'll watch a film.
    7 I've bought new trousers.
    1 The bill please!
    12 He was hit by a lorry.
    6 We live on the second floor.
    11 What's on at the cinema?
    10 I left it in the boot of my car.
    4 I'll have chips.
    2 I've run out of petrol.

    Obrat: be hit by se běžně užívá, když někoho srazí vozidlo ap. Např.: She was hit by a passing car. - Srazilo ji projíždějící auto.

    Exercise 15

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    • Doplňte věty tak, aby měly opačný význam. Kde lze, použijte odvozování pomocí předpon a přípon.

    7 He's powerful. - He's .
    1 She has children. - She's .
    4 They were careful. - They were .
    3 She looked happy. - She looked .
    9 He became a waiter. - She became a .
    5 It'll be painful. - It'll be .
    10 We met three Englishmen. - We met three .
    2 They have a home. - They're .
    6 Their names are known. - Their names are .
    8 She's female. - He's .

    Neighbourhood ˈneɪbəˌhʊd lze přeložit jako sousedství, ale je to v podstatě i čtvrť nebo část města, kde někdo bydlí. Např. in our neighbourhood - tam u nás (kde bydlíme.) Pravopis v americké angličtině je neighborhood stejně jako u slova neighbour - (v americké angličtině) neighbor ap.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přeložte.

    17 Musel o tom vědět.
    8 To rád slyším.
    2 Bydlí teď mimo město.
    12 Srazilo ho auto.
    1 Přestěhovali se do nového domu.
    9 Bydlím tady už 5 let.
    10 Bude muset bydlet v podnájmu.
    5 Vzali jsme si hypotéku.
    16 Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.
    6 Budu nahoře. (v patře)
    11 Byla to láska na první pohled.
    15 Potkali jsme se náhodou.
    13 Víte to jistě?
    4 Každý den dojíždím do práce.
    14 Udělal jsem to omylem.
    18 Měl jsi mi to říct.
    7 Stěhujeme se do jiného města.
    3 Splnili jsme si svůj sen.

    Termín landlord (land - zem + lord - pán) se obecně užívá pro majitele nemovitosti, který ji pronajímá. Ale pozor! Žena majitelka je landlady ˈlændˌleɪdɪ. Nájemník je anglicky tenant ˈtεnənt. Nájem jako smluvní vztah je lease liːs.

    Sunbathe (opalovat se) je v angličtině v podstatě doslova “koupat se ve slunci” nebo “brát sluneční lázeň”: sun (slunce) + bathe beɪð (koupat se).