Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    6 We had to take out a mortgage.
    1 Do you rent or own your home?
    10 Our landlord increased the rent.
    13 I'll give you a tour of the house.
    14 Can you describe it in more detail?
    5 We don't have enough savings to buy a house.
    3 We used to live outside the city.
    12 We moved in recently.
    7 We'll be repaying it for 20 years.
    11 The rent went up by 30 per cent.
    15 We'll have a barbecue in the backyard.
    4 They live in downtown Chicago.
    9 They fell in love at first sight.
    8 They spent a lot of money on furniture.
    2 How long have you lived here?

    Rooms to rent jsou pokoje k pronájmu a House for sale je dům na prodej.

    Exercise 2

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    • Odpovězte na otázky podle úvodních článků.

    5 Did the Johnsons keep their old downtown apartment?
    10 Does Mrs Johnson like cooking?
    6 How many cars can be parked in their garage?
    1 How many miles does he travel to work and back every day?
    9 Do the Johnsons want to have more children?
    2 How much has the landlord increased the rent?
    8 Which room in the Johnsons' house has a balcony?
    3 Is it true that the Johnsons are both American by birth?
    4 How long has Mrs Johnson been married to Mr Johnson?
    7 Did the Johnsons live together before their marriage?

    Běžný idiom keep up with the Joneses lze přeložit jako “držet krok s ostatními”, nebo “nenechat se zahanbit sousedy”, tedy snažit se mít za každou cenu všechno to, co mají i lidé kolem. Fráze keep up with znamená držet krok s či stačit (komu).

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 I'm really bad at DIY.
    • 2 Is there an attic in your house?
    • 3 Do you have kids?
    • 4 Do you rent or own?
    • 5 I don't commute.
    • 6 We don't have enough savings.
    • 7 How long have you lived here?
    • 8 What does it look like?
    • g Can you describe it to me?
    • e No, but we want to start a family.
    • h No, but we have a large basement.
    • d We'll have to take out a mortgage.
    • a We have a flat of our own.
    • f We moved in only recently.
    • c I can't repair anything.
    • b I work from home.

    Zkratka DIY pochází ze spojení do-it-yourself (udělej to sám). Může fungovat i jako přídavné jméno. Např.: DIY man je kutil, DIY shop je prodejna pro kutily ap.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    5 I'm afraid our bus is late. - No, it's on/at/in schedule.
    10 Are you coming to the party? - No, I'm not in the sight/mood/case for it.
    4 They saved him at/of/from being homeless.
    3 There was no one else with him. He was all in/on/by himself.
    6 I know that for true/sure/hard. I heard him saying that.
    2 We didn't get anything in/on/at return for our help.
    9 I paid 37 dollars instead of 31. They exchanged/overcharged/tipped me.
    8 They don't have their own home. They live in suburbs/utilities/lodgings.
    1 I didn't plan on meeting him. We met of/by/in accident.
    7 I can't go there tonight. Can you go there instead at/in/of me?

    We have people coming over. znamená: Má k nám někdo přijít., Budeme mít návštěvu. ap. My friends are coming over. - Přijdou ke mně kamarádi.

    Exercise 5

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    2 Mr Johnson is quite good at DIY.
    3 The home prices are higher now than they were 5 years ago.
    6 They bought a house which they liked at first sight.
    4 The Johnsons already have two kids.
    7 Guests can sleep on the second floor of their house.
    8 Up to eight people can eat in the kitchen.
    1 There's no front yard at the Johnsons' house.
    5 They'll be repaying their mortgage for more than 15 years.

    Exercise 6

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    • Doplňte chybějící část překladu.

    3 Bydlel jsem v podnájmu. I lived in .
    5 Potřebuji vlastní pokoj. I need a room of my .
    1 Bydlíme v nájmu v malém bytě. We a small flat.
    6 Pracuji na půl úvazku z domu. I work from home.
    2 Majitel zvýšil nájem. The landlord has the rent.
    8 Rádi by založili rodinu. They'd like to a family.
    4 Máme prostorný obývák. We have a spacious room.
    7 Je to třípokojový byt. It's a flat.

    Start znamená česky nejen začít, ale také něco založit nebo rozjet. Např.: start a business - rozjet podnikání, He started a company. - Založil firmu. ap.

    Exercise 7

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    • Přepište věty pomocí stažených tvarů.

    2 How has he been doing? - he been doing?
    6 You had better go now. - better go now.
    3 He is really sorry. - really sorry.
    8 I would love to see it. - love to see it.
    4 He has done a bad thing. - done a bad thing.
    1 How is your family? - your family?
    5 They had been there before. - been there before.
    9 I would have come but I could not. - I come but I .
    7 I cannot tell you. He would be angry. - I tell you. be angry.

    Exercise 8

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    • Vyberte vhodná slova.

    8 You should book the tickets on/at/in advance.
    9 He has to go in/on/by car. He feels sick when travelling in/by/on the bus.
    1 I can't do anything. I'm powerless/powerful/powering.
    7 It must have cost/costed/costing a lot of money.
    5 I'm sorry for not had/have/having replied before.
    4 We love water. We had a fence/lounge/pool built behind the house.
    11 A one-room flat is usually called a lounge/studio/living apartment in American English.
    10 Take the underground if you don't want to be stuck in a traffic ham/jam/yard.
    3 How do you deal of/after/with commuting and traffic jams?
    2 It can be very dangerous. You should be careless/cared/careful.
    6 I had it repaired. - How much did they cost/charge/price you for that?

    Be stuck znamená vězet (nemoci pryč). Get stuck (změna stavu) je potom česky zůstat vězet/trčet. Např.: I got stuck in jam. - Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.

    Exercise 9

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    • Spojte výroky, které znamenají přibližně totéž.

    • 1 She's downstairs.
    • 2 She loves cooking.
    • 3 They don't live here anymore.
    • 4 Utility costs have gone up.
    • 5 Someone has to do it.
    • 6 They took out a mortgage.
    • 7 They live in lodgings.
    • 8 There's no garage in my house.
    • b I have to park my car outside.
    • d It needs to be done.
    • e It's more expensive to use the flat now.
    • f She's in the kitchen all the time.
    • g She's on the ground floor.
    • a They borrowed money from a bank.
    • c They pay for living in that room.
    • h They've moved to another city.

    Pozor! Půjčit něco někomu je lend (something to somebody), ale (vy)půjčit si něco od někoho je borrow (something from somebody). Např.: Can you lend me your car? - Můžeš mi půjčit auto? ALE Can I borrow your car? - Mohu si vypůjčit tvé auto? Sloveso lend je nepravidelné: lent (PT) - lent (PP).

    Exercise 10

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    • Převeďte věty do času budoucího průběhového. Všímejte si analogií časů.

    3 Who will do that?
    8 What were you wearing?
    9 Who's looking after them?
    2 We were watching him.
    1 I'll wait there.
    6 I'm feeling tired.
    7 We were eating out.
    4 I won't stay.
    5 I was working on it.
    10 I've been watching you.

    Exercise 11

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící slova.

    8 There's a lot of for storing things in the basement.
    9 There'll be a double for me and my husband in the bedroom.
    5 I'm really glad to seen you.
    4 There's a high white around our back yard.
    7 There's a fireplace and a TV in the room downstairs.
    2 There's a in our house because we like to sit by the fire.
    6 We have a big dining table. It can be used by to 8 people.
    1 He been watching TV since morning.
    3 He's in the now taking a shower.

    Pozor na rozdílné termíny: double bed - manželská postel (dvojlůžko) ALE twin bed jsou dvě samostatná lůžka (na hotelovém pokoji ap.) Twin twɪn je česky dvojče.

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slov z nápovědy.

    8 She's be married to him for 10 years.
    6 We didn't have money so we have to take out a mortgage.
    3 I'd help her right now if she ask me.
    7 I'm glad to have see it.
    1 You should've call me yesterday.
    4 We've own the house for some 10 years.
    2 I'd speak with him it before she arrived.
    5 He's been read it for hours.

    Exercise 13

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    4 Utratili všechny své úspory.
    savings
    10 Nechali si postavit zbrusu nový dům.
    brand-new
    12 Je skoro nemožné najít dostupné bydlení.
    affordable
    1 Kolem zahrady je vysoký plot.
    fence
    8 Domácí zvýšil nájem o 10 procent.
    increase
    5 Rádi sedí u krbu.
    fireplace
    13 Naúčtovali mi víc. (při placení)
    overcharge
    11 Provedu vás po domě.
    give, tour
    3 Nechali si postavit bazén.
    pool
    9 Potřebují vlastní bydlení.
    home
    2 Dole (v přízemí) je velký obývák.
    living room
    6 Budou vás očekávat.
    expect
    7 Bydlí v nájmu v třípokojovém bytě.
    two-bedroom flat

    Realtor je v americké angličtině realitní makléř či přeneseně realitka. Např. We sold our home through a realtor. - Prodali jsme dům přes realitku. V Británii se užívá spíše termín estate agent ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənt resp. estate agency ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənsɪ.

    Exercise 14

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    • Přepište věty z britské do americké angličtiny.

    3 I'm hungry, mum!
    5 We'll watch a film.
    2 I've run out of petrol.
    9 I live in a block of flats.
    12 He was hit by a lorry.
    6 We live on the second floor.
    11 What's on at the cinema?
    4 I'll have chips.
    1 The bill please!
    7 I've bought new trousers.
    8 We'll take the underground.
    10 I left it in the boot of my car.

    Obrat: be hit by se běžně užívá, když někoho srazí vozidlo ap. Např.: She was hit by a passing car. - Srazilo ji projíždějící auto.

    Exercise 15

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    • Doplňte věty tak, aby měly opačný význam. Kde lze, použijte odvozování pomocí předpon a přípon.

    1 She has children. - She's .
    4 They were careful. - They were .
    8 She's female. - He's .
    3 She looked happy. - She looked .
    6 Their names are known. - Their names are .
    5 It'll be painful. - It'll be .
    10 We met three Englishmen. - We met three .
    7 He's powerful. - He's .
    9 He became a waiter. - She became a .
    2 They have a home. - They're .

    Neighbourhood ˈneɪbəˌhʊd lze přeložit jako sousedství, ale je to v podstatě i čtvrť nebo část města, kde někdo bydlí. Např. in our neighbourhood - tam u nás (kde bydlíme.) Pravopis v americké angličtině je neighborhood stejně jako u slova neighbour - (v americké angličtině) neighbor ap.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přeložte.

    5 Vzali jsme si hypotéku.
    17 Musel o tom vědět.
    3 Splnili jsme si svůj sen.
    13 Víte to jistě?
    9 Bydlím tady už 5 let.
    10 Bude muset bydlet v podnájmu.
    14 Udělal jsem to omylem.
    16 Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.
    6 Budu nahoře. (v patře)
    18 Měl jsi mi to říct.
    11 Byla to láska na první pohled.
    7 Stěhujeme se do jiného města.
    15 Potkali jsme se náhodou.
    1 Přestěhovali se do nového domu.
    12 Srazilo ho auto.
    4 Každý den dojíždím do práce.
    8 To rád slyším.
    2 Bydlí teď mimo město.

    Termín landlord (land - zem + lord - pán) se obecně užívá pro majitele nemovitosti, který ji pronajímá. Ale pozor! Žena majitelka je landlady ˈlændˌleɪdɪ. Nájemník je anglicky tenant ˈtεnənt. Nájem jako smluvní vztah je lease liːs.

    Sunbathe (opalovat se) je v angličtině v podstatě doslova “koupat se ve slunci” nebo “brát sluneční lázeň”: sun (slunce) + bathe beɪð (koupat se).