Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    7 We'll be repaying it for 20 years.
    10 Our landlord increased the rent.
    1 Do you rent or own your home?
    11 The rent went up by 30 per cent.
    8 They spent a lot of money on furniture.
    5 We don't have enough savings to buy a house.
    4 They live in downtown Chicago.
    2 How long have you lived here?
    13 I'll give you a tour of the house.
    12 We moved in recently.
    14 Can you describe it in more detail?
    6 We had to take out a mortgage.
    9 They fell in love at first sight.
    15 We'll have a barbecue in the backyard.
    3 We used to live outside the city.

    Rooms to rent jsou pokoje k pronájmu a House for sale je dům na prodej.

    Exercise 2

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    • Odpovězte na otázky podle úvodních článků.

    1 How many miles does he travel to work and back every day?
    3 Is it true that the Johnsons are both American by birth?
    4 How long has Mrs Johnson been married to Mr Johnson?
    7 Did the Johnsons live together before their marriage?
    5 Did the Johnsons keep their old downtown apartment?
    6 How many cars can be parked in their garage?
    10 Does Mrs Johnson like cooking?
    8 Which room in the Johnsons' house has a balcony?
    9 Do the Johnsons want to have more children?
    2 How much has the landlord increased the rent?

    Běžný idiom keep up with the Joneses lze přeložit jako “držet krok s ostatními”, nebo “nenechat se zahanbit sousedy”, tedy snažit se mít za každou cenu všechno to, co mají i lidé kolem. Fráze keep up with znamená držet krok s či stačit (komu).

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 I'm really bad at DIY.
    • 2 Is there an attic in your house?
    • 3 Do you have kids?
    • 4 Do you rent or own?
    • 5 I don't commute.
    • 6 We don't have enough savings.
    • 7 How long have you lived here?
    • 8 What does it look like?
    • a We have a flat of our own.
    • f We moved in only recently.
    • e No, but we want to start a family.
    • c I can't repair anything.
    • d We'll have to take out a mortgage.
    • b I work from home.
    • g Can you describe it to me?
    • h No, but we have a large basement.

    Zkratka DIY pochází ze spojení do-it-yourself (udělej to sám). Může fungovat i jako přídavné jméno. Např.: DIY man je kutil, DIY shop je prodejna pro kutily ap.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    1 I didn't plan on meeting him. We met of/by/in accident.
    5 I'm afraid our bus is late. - No, it's on/at/in schedule.
    8 They don't have their own home. They live in suburbs/utilities/lodgings.
    6 I know that for true/sure/hard. I heard him saying that.
    3 There was no one else with him. He was all in/on/by himself.
    7 I can't go there tonight. Can you go there instead at/in/of me?
    2 We didn't get anything in/on/at return for our help.
    9 I paid 37 dollars instead of 31. They exchanged/overcharged/tipped me.
    10 Are you coming to the party? - No, I'm not in the sight/mood/case for it.
    4 They saved him at/of/from being homeless.

    We have people coming over. znamená: Má k nám někdo přijít., Budeme mít návštěvu. ap. My friends are coming over. - Přijdou ke mně kamarádi.

    Exercise 5

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    8 Up to eight people can eat in the kitchen.
    1 There's no front yard at the Johnsons' house.
    6 They bought a house which they liked at first sight.
    5 They'll be repaying their mortgage for more than 15 years.
    3 The home prices are higher now than they were 5 years ago.
    7 Guests can sleep on the second floor of their house.
    4 The Johnsons already have two kids.
    2 Mr Johnson is quite good at DIY.

    Exercise 6

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    • Doplňte chybějící část překladu.

    4 Máme prostorný obývák. We have a spacious room.
    6 Pracuji na půl úvazku z domu. I work from home.
    8 Rádi by založili rodinu. They'd like to a family.
    5 Potřebuji vlastní pokoj. I need a room of my .
    1 Bydlíme v nájmu v malém bytě. We a small flat.
    7 Je to třípokojový byt. It's a flat.
    2 Majitel zvýšil nájem. The landlord has the rent.
    3 Bydlel jsem v podnájmu. I lived in .

    Start znamená česky nejen začít, ale také něco založit nebo rozjet. Např.: start a business - rozjet podnikání, He started a company. - Založil firmu. ap.

    Exercise 7

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    • Přepište věty pomocí stažených tvarů.

    3 He is really sorry. - really sorry.
    8 I would love to see it. - love to see it.
    2 How has he been doing? - he been doing?
    6 You had better go now. - better go now.
    4 He has done a bad thing. - done a bad thing.
    7 I cannot tell you. He would be angry. - I tell you. be angry.
    5 They had been there before. - been there before.
    1 How is your family? - your family?
    9 I would have come but I could not. - I come but I .

    Exercise 8

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    • Vyberte vhodná slova.

    3 How do you deal of/after/with commuting and traffic jams?
    2 It can be very dangerous. You should be careless/cared/careful.
    5 I'm sorry for not had/have/having replied before.
    6 I had it repaired. - How much did they cost/charge/price you for that?
    9 He has to go in/on/by car. He feels sick when travelling in/by/on the bus.
    8 You should book the tickets on/at/in advance.
    1 I can't do anything. I'm powerless/powerful/powering.
    10 Take the underground if you don't want to be stuck in a traffic ham/jam/yard.
    11 A one-room flat is usually called a lounge/studio/living apartment in American English.
    7 It must have cost/costed/costing a lot of money.
    4 We love water. We had a fence/lounge/pool built behind the house.

    Be stuck znamená vězet (nemoci pryč). Get stuck (změna stavu) je potom česky zůstat vězet/trčet. Např.: I got stuck in jam. - Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.

    Exercise 9

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    • Spojte výroky, které znamenají přibližně totéž.

    • 1 She's downstairs.
    • 2 She loves cooking.
    • 3 They don't live here anymore.
    • 4 Utility costs have gone up.
    • 5 Someone has to do it.
    • 6 They took out a mortgage.
    • 7 They live in lodgings.
    • 8 There's no garage in my house.
    • a They borrowed money from a bank.
    • f She's in the kitchen all the time.
    • e It's more expensive to use the flat now.
    • g She's on the ground floor.
    • d It needs to be done.
    • b I have to park my car outside.
    • c They pay for living in that room.
    • h They've moved to another city.

    Pozor! Půjčit něco někomu je lend (something to somebody), ale (vy)půjčit si něco od někoho je borrow (something from somebody). Např.: Can you lend me your car? - Můžeš mi půjčit auto? ALE Can I borrow your car? - Mohu si vypůjčit tvé auto? Sloveso lend je nepravidelné: lent (PT) - lent (PP).

    Exercise 10

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    • Převeďte věty do času budoucího průběhového. Všímejte si analogií časů.

    2 We were watching him.
    9 Who's looking after them?
    6 I'm feeling tired.
    8 What were you wearing?
    3 Who will do that?
    1 I'll wait there.
    4 I won't stay.
    5 I was working on it.
    7 We were eating out.
    10 I've been watching you.

    Exercise 11

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící slova.

    7 There's a fireplace and a TV in the room downstairs.
    9 There'll be a double for me and my husband in the bedroom.
    8 There's a lot of for storing things in the basement.
    6 We have a big dining table. It can be used by to 8 people.
    1 He been watching TV since morning.
    3 He's in the now taking a shower.
    5 I'm really glad to seen you.
    4 There's a high white around our back yard.
    2 There's a in our house because we like to sit by the fire.

    Pozor na rozdílné termíny: double bed - manželská postel (dvojlůžko) ALE twin bed jsou dvě samostatná lůžka (na hotelovém pokoji ap.) Twin twɪn je česky dvojče.

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slov z nápovědy.

    8 She's be married to him for 10 years.
    5 He's been read it for hours.
    1 You should've call me yesterday.
    7 I'm glad to have see it.
    2 I'd speak with him it before she arrived.
    4 We've own the house for some 10 years.
    3 I'd help her right now if she ask me.
    6 We didn't have money so we have to take out a mortgage.

    Exercise 13

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    9 Potřebují vlastní bydlení.
    home
    11 Provedu vás po domě.
    give, tour
    6 Budou vás očekávat.
    expect
    2 Dole (v přízemí) je velký obývák.
    living room
    5 Rádi sedí u krbu.
    fireplace
    13 Naúčtovali mi víc. (při placení)
    overcharge
    10 Nechali si postavit zbrusu nový dům.
    brand-new
    3 Nechali si postavit bazén.
    pool
    12 Je skoro nemožné najít dostupné bydlení.
    affordable
    1 Kolem zahrady je vysoký plot.
    fence
    7 Bydlí v nájmu v třípokojovém bytě.
    two-bedroom flat
    4 Utratili všechny své úspory.
    savings
    8 Domácí zvýšil nájem o 10 procent.
    increase

    Realtor je v americké angličtině realitní makléř či přeneseně realitka. Např. We sold our home through a realtor. - Prodali jsme dům přes realitku. V Británii se užívá spíše termín estate agent ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənt resp. estate agency ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənsɪ.

    Exercise 14

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    • Přepište věty z britské do americké angličtiny.

    11 What's on at the cinema?
    1 The bill please!
    12 He was hit by a lorry.
    4 I'll have chips.
    8 We'll take the underground.
    5 We'll watch a film.
    7 I've bought new trousers.
    2 I've run out of petrol.
    3 I'm hungry, mum!
    6 We live on the second floor.
    9 I live in a block of flats.
    10 I left it in the boot of my car.

    Obrat: be hit by se běžně užívá, když někoho srazí vozidlo ap. Např.: She was hit by a passing car. - Srazilo ji projíždějící auto.

    Exercise 15

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    • Doplňte věty tak, aby měly opačný význam. Kde lze, použijte odvozování pomocí předpon a přípon.

    6 Their names are known. - Their names are .
    3 She looked happy. - She looked .
    8 She's female. - He's .
    9 He became a waiter. - She became a .
    7 He's powerful. - He's .
    5 It'll be painful. - It'll be .
    4 They were careful. - They were .
    2 They have a home. - They're .
    1 She has children. - She's .
    10 We met three Englishmen. - We met three .

    Neighbourhood ˈneɪbəˌhʊd lze přeložit jako sousedství, ale je to v podstatě i čtvrť nebo část města, kde někdo bydlí. Např. in our neighbourhood - tam u nás (kde bydlíme.) Pravopis v americké angličtině je neighborhood stejně jako u slova neighbour - (v americké angličtině) neighbor ap.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přeložte.

    11 Byla to láska na první pohled.
    10 Bude muset bydlet v podnájmu.
    16 Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.
    1 Přestěhovali se do nového domu.
    18 Měl jsi mi to říct.
    13 Víte to jistě?
    17 Musel o tom vědět.
    8 To rád slyším.
    6 Budu nahoře. (v patře)
    5 Vzali jsme si hypotéku.
    14 Udělal jsem to omylem.
    15 Potkali jsme se náhodou.
    4 Každý den dojíždím do práce.
    12 Srazilo ho auto.
    7 Stěhujeme se do jiného města.
    3 Splnili jsme si svůj sen.
    9 Bydlím tady už 5 let.
    2 Bydlí teď mimo město.

    Termín landlord (land - zem + lord - pán) se obecně užívá pro majitele nemovitosti, který ji pronajímá. Ale pozor! Žena majitelka je landlady ˈlændˌleɪdɪ. Nájemník je anglicky tenant ˈtεnənt. Nájem jako smluvní vztah je lease liːs.

    Sunbathe (opalovat se) je v angličtině v podstatě doslova “koupat se ve slunci” nebo “brát sluneční lázeň”: sun (slunce) + bathe beɪð (koupat se).