Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    12 We moved in recently.
    15 We'll have a barbecue in the backyard.
    3 We used to live outside the city.
    7 We'll be repaying it for 20 years.
    1 Do you rent or own your home?
    10 Our landlord increased the rent.
    11 The rent went up by 30 per cent.
    8 They spent a lot of money on furniture.
    9 They fell in love at first sight.
    4 They live in downtown Chicago.
    6 We had to take out a mortgage.
    5 We don't have enough savings to buy a house.
    13 I'll give you a tour of the house.
    14 Can you describe it in more detail?
    2 How long have you lived here?

    Rooms to rent jsou pokoje k pronájmu a House for sale je dům na prodej.

    Exercise 2

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    • Odpovězte na otázky podle úvodních článků.

    2 How much has the landlord increased the rent?
    10 Does Mrs Johnson like cooking?
    5 Did the Johnsons keep their old downtown apartment?
    7 Did the Johnsons live together before their marriage?
    1 How many miles does he travel to work and back every day?
    9 Do the Johnsons want to have more children?
    8 Which room in the Johnsons' house has a balcony?
    3 Is it true that the Johnsons are both American by birth?
    4 How long has Mrs Johnson been married to Mr Johnson?
    6 How many cars can be parked in their garage?

    Běžný idiom keep up with the Joneses lze přeložit jako “držet krok s ostatními”, nebo “nenechat se zahanbit sousedy”, tedy snažit se mít za každou cenu všechno to, co mají i lidé kolem. Fráze keep up with znamená držet krok s či stačit (komu).

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 I'm really bad at DIY.
    • 2 Is there an attic in your house?
    • 3 Do you have kids?
    • 4 Do you rent or own?
    • 5 I don't commute.
    • 6 We don't have enough savings.
    • 7 How long have you lived here?
    • 8 What does it look like?
    • f We moved in only recently.
    • h No, but we have a large basement.
    • c I can't repair anything.
    • b I work from home.
    • a We have a flat of our own.
    • d We'll have to take out a mortgage.
    • e No, but we want to start a family.
    • g Can you describe it to me?

    Zkratka DIY pochází ze spojení do-it-yourself (udělej to sám). Může fungovat i jako přídavné jméno. Např.: DIY man je kutil, DIY shop je prodejna pro kutily ap.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    7 I can't go there tonight. Can you go there instead at/in/of me?
    6 I know that for true/sure/hard. I heard him saying that.
    3 There was no one else with him. He was all in/on/by himself.
    1 I didn't plan on meeting him. We met of/by/in accident.
    9 I paid 37 dollars instead of 31. They exchanged/overcharged/tipped me.
    8 They don't have their own home. They live in suburbs/utilities/lodgings.
    4 They saved him at/of/from being homeless.
    10 Are you coming to the party? - No, I'm not in the sight/mood/case for it.
    5 I'm afraid our bus is late. - No, it's on/at/in schedule.
    2 We didn't get anything in/on/at return for our help.

    We have people coming over. znamená: Má k nám někdo přijít., Budeme mít návštěvu. ap. My friends are coming over. - Přijdou ke mně kamarádi.

    Exercise 5

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    7 Guests can sleep on the second floor of their house.
    1 There's no front yard at the Johnsons' house.
    8 Up to eight people can eat in the kitchen.
    5 They'll be repaying their mortgage for more than 15 years.
    4 The Johnsons already have two kids.
    2 Mr Johnson is quite good at DIY.
    6 They bought a house which they liked at first sight.
    3 The home prices are higher now than they were 5 years ago.

    Exercise 6

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    • Doplňte chybějící část překladu.

    5 Potřebuji vlastní pokoj. I need a room of my .
    2 Majitel zvýšil nájem. The landlord has the rent.
    7 Je to třípokojový byt. It's a flat.
    4 Máme prostorný obývák. We have a spacious room.
    6 Pracuji na půl úvazku z domu. I work from home.
    8 Rádi by založili rodinu. They'd like to a family.
    3 Bydlel jsem v podnájmu. I lived in .
    1 Bydlíme v nájmu v malém bytě. We a small flat.

    Start znamená česky nejen začít, ale také něco založit nebo rozjet. Např.: start a business - rozjet podnikání, He started a company. - Založil firmu. ap.

    Exercise 7

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    • Přepište věty pomocí stažených tvarů.

    8 I would love to see it. - love to see it.
    2 How has he been doing? - he been doing?
    7 I cannot tell you. He would be angry. - I tell you. be angry.
    1 How is your family? - your family?
    5 They had been there before. - been there before.
    3 He is really sorry. - really sorry.
    6 You had better go now. - better go now.
    9 I would have come but I could not. - I come but I .
    4 He has done a bad thing. - done a bad thing.

    Exercise 8

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    • Vyberte vhodná slova.

    11 A one-room flat is usually called a lounge/studio/living apartment in American English.
    1 I can't do anything. I'm powerless/powerful/powering.
    6 I had it repaired. - How much did they cost/charge/price you for that?
    9 He has to go in/on/by car. He feels sick when travelling in/by/on the bus.
    5 I'm sorry for not had/have/having replied before.
    4 We love water. We had a fence/lounge/pool built behind the house.
    2 It can be very dangerous. You should be careless/cared/careful.
    3 How do you deal of/after/with commuting and traffic jams?
    8 You should book the tickets on/at/in advance.
    10 Take the underground if you don't want to be stuck in a traffic ham/jam/yard.
    7 It must have cost/costed/costing a lot of money.

    Be stuck znamená vězet (nemoci pryč). Get stuck (změna stavu) je potom česky zůstat vězet/trčet. Např.: I got stuck in jam. - Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.

    Exercise 9

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    • Spojte výroky, které znamenají přibližně totéž.

    • 1 She's downstairs.
    • 2 She loves cooking.
    • 3 They don't live here anymore.
    • 4 Utility costs have gone up.
    • 5 Someone has to do it.
    • 6 They took out a mortgage.
    • 7 They live in lodgings.
    • 8 There's no garage in my house.
    • h They've moved to another city.
    • g She's on the ground floor.
    • b I have to park my car outside.
    • d It needs to be done.
    • a They borrowed money from a bank.
    • e It's more expensive to use the flat now.
    • c They pay for living in that room.
    • f She's in the kitchen all the time.

    Pozor! Půjčit něco někomu je lend (something to somebody), ale (vy)půjčit si něco od někoho je borrow (something from somebody). Např.: Can you lend me your car? - Můžeš mi půjčit auto? ALE Can I borrow your car? - Mohu si vypůjčit tvé auto? Sloveso lend je nepravidelné: lent (PT) - lent (PP).

    Exercise 10

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    • Převeďte věty do času budoucího průběhového. Všímejte si analogií časů.

    10 I've been watching you.
    5 I was working on it.
    8 What were you wearing?
    9 Who's looking after them?
    3 Who will do that?
    4 I won't stay.
    1 I'll wait there.
    2 We were watching him.
    7 We were eating out.
    6 I'm feeling tired.

    Exercise 11

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící slova.

    2 There's a in our house because we like to sit by the fire.
    6 We have a big dining table. It can be used by to 8 people.
    8 There's a lot of for storing things in the basement.
    3 He's in the now taking a shower.
    9 There'll be a double for me and my husband in the bedroom.
    1 He been watching TV since morning.
    4 There's a high white around our back yard.
    7 There's a fireplace and a TV in the room downstairs.
    5 I'm really glad to seen you.

    Pozor na rozdílné termíny: double bed - manželská postel (dvojlůžko) ALE twin bed jsou dvě samostatná lůžka (na hotelovém pokoji ap.) Twin twɪn je česky dvojče.

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slov z nápovědy.

    1 You should've call me yesterday.
    7 I'm glad to have see it.
    6 We didn't have money so we have to take out a mortgage.
    5 He's been read it for hours.
    2 I'd speak with him it before she arrived.
    4 We've own the house for some 10 years.
    8 She's be married to him for 10 years.
    3 I'd help her right now if she ask me.

    Exercise 13

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    4 Utratili všechny své úspory.
    savings
    1 Kolem zahrady je vysoký plot.
    fence
    12 Je skoro nemožné najít dostupné bydlení.
    affordable
    13 Naúčtovali mi víc. (při placení)
    overcharge
    7 Bydlí v nájmu v třípokojovém bytě.
    two-bedroom flat
    9 Potřebují vlastní bydlení.
    home
    11 Provedu vás po domě.
    give, tour
    6 Budou vás očekávat.
    expect
    8 Domácí zvýšil nájem o 10 procent.
    increase
    3 Nechali si postavit bazén.
    pool
    2 Dole (v přízemí) je velký obývák.
    living room
    5 Rádi sedí u krbu.
    fireplace
    10 Nechali si postavit zbrusu nový dům.
    brand-new

    Realtor je v americké angličtině realitní makléř či přeneseně realitka. Např. We sold our home through a realtor. - Prodali jsme dům přes realitku. V Británii se užívá spíše termín estate agent ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənt resp. estate agency ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənsɪ.

    Exercise 14

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    • Přepište věty z britské do americké angličtiny.

    6 We live on the second floor.
    11 What's on at the cinema?
    1 The bill please!
    3 I'm hungry, mum!
    12 He was hit by a lorry.
    9 I live in a block of flats.
    7 I've bought new trousers.
    5 We'll watch a film.
    8 We'll take the underground.
    2 I've run out of petrol.
    10 I left it in the boot of my car.
    4 I'll have chips.

    Obrat: be hit by se běžně užívá, když někoho srazí vozidlo ap. Např.: She was hit by a passing car. - Srazilo ji projíždějící auto.

    Exercise 15

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    • Doplňte věty tak, aby měly opačný význam. Kde lze, použijte odvozování pomocí předpon a přípon.

    2 They have a home. - They're .
    9 He became a waiter. - She became a .
    3 She looked happy. - She looked .
    7 He's powerful. - He's .
    4 They were careful. - They were .
    5 It'll be painful. - It'll be .
    8 She's female. - He's .
    10 We met three Englishmen. - We met three .
    6 Their names are known. - Their names are .
    1 She has children. - She's .

    Neighbourhood ˈneɪbəˌhʊd lze přeložit jako sousedství, ale je to v podstatě i čtvrť nebo část města, kde někdo bydlí. Např. in our neighbourhood - tam u nás (kde bydlíme.) Pravopis v americké angličtině je neighborhood stejně jako u slova neighbour - (v americké angličtině) neighbor ap.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přeložte.

    1 Přestěhovali se do nového domu.
    18 Měl jsi mi to říct.
    9 Bydlím tady už 5 let.
    10 Bude muset bydlet v podnájmu.
    12 Srazilo ho auto.
    3 Splnili jsme si svůj sen.
    5 Vzali jsme si hypotéku.
    13 Víte to jistě?
    7 Stěhujeme se do jiného města.
    16 Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.
    11 Byla to láska na první pohled.
    15 Potkali jsme se náhodou.
    4 Každý den dojíždím do práce.
    14 Udělal jsem to omylem.
    6 Budu nahoře. (v patře)
    2 Bydlí teď mimo město.
    17 Musel o tom vědět.
    8 To rád slyším.

    Termín landlord (land - zem + lord - pán) se obecně užívá pro majitele nemovitosti, který ji pronajímá. Ale pozor! Žena majitelka je landlady ˈlændˌleɪdɪ. Nájemník je anglicky tenant ˈtεnənt. Nájem jako smluvní vztah je lease liːs.

    Sunbathe (opalovat se) je v angličtině v podstatě doslova “koupat se ve slunci” nebo “brát sluneční lázeň”: sun (slunce) + bathe beɪð (koupat se).