Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    1 Do you rent or own your home?
    10 Our landlord increased the rent.
    7 We'll be repaying it for 20 years.
    4 They live in downtown Chicago.
    3 We used to live outside the city.
    9 They fell in love at first sight.
    12 We moved in recently.
    14 Can you describe it in more detail?
    11 The rent went up by 30 per cent.
    8 They spent a lot of money on furniture.
    15 We'll have a barbecue in the backyard.
    5 We don't have enough savings to buy a house.
    2 How long have you lived here?
    13 I'll give you a tour of the house.
    6 We had to take out a mortgage.

    Rooms to rent jsou pokoje k pronájmu a House for sale je dům na prodej.

    Exercise 2

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    • Odpovězte na otázky podle úvodních článků.

    8 Which room in the Johnsons' house has a balcony?
    5 Did the Johnsons keep their old downtown apartment?
    6 How many cars can be parked in their garage?
    7 Did the Johnsons live together before their marriage?
    4 How long has Mrs Johnson been married to Mr Johnson?
    9 Do the Johnsons want to have more children?
    3 Is it true that the Johnsons are both American by birth?
    1 How many miles does he travel to work and back every day?
    2 How much has the landlord increased the rent?
    10 Does Mrs Johnson like cooking?

    Běžný idiom keep up with the Joneses lze přeložit jako “držet krok s ostatními”, nebo “nenechat se zahanbit sousedy”, tedy snažit se mít za každou cenu všechno to, co mají i lidé kolem. Fráze keep up with znamená držet krok s či stačit (komu).

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 I'm really bad at DIY.
    • 2 Is there an attic in your house?
    • 3 Do you have kids?
    • 4 Do you rent or own?
    • 5 I don't commute.
    • 6 We don't have enough savings.
    • 7 How long have you lived here?
    • 8 What does it look like?
    • f We moved in only recently.
    • a We have a flat of our own.
    • b I work from home.
    • d We'll have to take out a mortgage.
    • h No, but we have a large basement.
    • e No, but we want to start a family.
    • c I can't repair anything.
    • g Can you describe it to me?

    Zkratka DIY pochází ze spojení do-it-yourself (udělej to sám). Může fungovat i jako přídavné jméno. Např.: DIY man je kutil, DIY shop je prodejna pro kutily ap.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    1 I didn't plan on meeting him. We met of/by/in accident.
    2 We didn't get anything in/on/at return for our help.
    7 I can't go there tonight. Can you go there instead at/in/of me?
    3 There was no one else with him. He was all in/on/by himself.
    4 They saved him at/of/from being homeless.
    6 I know that for true/sure/hard. I heard him saying that.
    10 Are you coming to the party? - No, I'm not in the sight/mood/case for it.
    5 I'm afraid our bus is late. - No, it's on/at/in schedule.
    9 I paid 37 dollars instead of 31. They exchanged/overcharged/tipped me.
    8 They don't have their own home. They live in suburbs/utilities/lodgings.

    We have people coming over. znamená: Má k nám někdo přijít., Budeme mít návštěvu. ap. My friends are coming over. - Přijdou ke mně kamarádi.

    Exercise 5

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    1 There's no front yard at the Johnsons' house.
    5 They'll be repaying their mortgage for more than 15 years.
    2 Mr Johnson is quite good at DIY.
    4 The Johnsons already have two kids.
    3 The home prices are higher now than they were 5 years ago.
    8 Up to eight people can eat in the kitchen.
    6 They bought a house which they liked at first sight.
    7 Guests can sleep on the second floor of their house.

    Exercise 6

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    • Doplňte chybějící část překladu.

    5 Potřebuji vlastní pokoj. I need a room of my .
    4 Máme prostorný obývák. We have a spacious room.
    1 Bydlíme v nájmu v malém bytě. We a small flat.
    8 Rádi by založili rodinu. They'd like to a family.
    2 Majitel zvýšil nájem. The landlord has the rent.
    7 Je to třípokojový byt. It's a flat.
    3 Bydlel jsem v podnájmu. I lived in .
    6 Pracuji na půl úvazku z domu. I work from home.

    Start znamená česky nejen začít, ale také něco založit nebo rozjet. Např.: start a business - rozjet podnikání, He started a company. - Založil firmu. ap.

    Exercise 7

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    • Přepište věty pomocí stažených tvarů.

    6 You had better go now. - better go now.
    9 I would have come but I could not. - I come but I .
    1 How is your family? - your family?
    2 How has he been doing? - he been doing?
    8 I would love to see it. - love to see it.
    7 I cannot tell you. He would be angry. - I tell you. be angry.
    3 He is really sorry. - really sorry.
    4 He has done a bad thing. - done a bad thing.
    5 They had been there before. - been there before.

    Exercise 8

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    • Vyberte vhodná slova.

    4 We love water. We had a fence/lounge/pool built behind the house.
    1 I can't do anything. I'm powerless/powerful/powering.
    2 It can be very dangerous. You should be careless/cared/careful.
    11 A one-room flat is usually called a lounge/studio/living apartment in American English.
    6 I had it repaired. - How much did they cost/charge/price you for that?
    5 I'm sorry for not had/have/having replied before.
    8 You should book the tickets on/at/in advance.
    3 How do you deal of/after/with commuting and traffic jams?
    10 Take the underground if you don't want to be stuck in a traffic ham/jam/yard.
    9 He has to go in/on/by car. He feels sick when travelling in/by/on the bus.
    7 It must have cost/costed/costing a lot of money.

    Be stuck znamená vězet (nemoci pryč). Get stuck (změna stavu) je potom česky zůstat vězet/trčet. Např.: I got stuck in jam. - Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.

    Exercise 9

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    • Spojte výroky, které znamenají přibližně totéž.

    • 1 She's downstairs.
    • 2 She loves cooking.
    • 3 They don't live here anymore.
    • 4 Utility costs have gone up.
    • 5 Someone has to do it.
    • 6 They took out a mortgage.
    • 7 They live in lodgings.
    • 8 There's no garage in my house.
    • c They pay for living in that room.
    • b I have to park my car outside.
    • d It needs to be done.
    • e It's more expensive to use the flat now.
    • h They've moved to another city.
    • g She's on the ground floor.
    • a They borrowed money from a bank.
    • f She's in the kitchen all the time.

    Pozor! Půjčit něco někomu je lend (something to somebody), ale (vy)půjčit si něco od někoho je borrow (something from somebody). Např.: Can you lend me your car? - Můžeš mi půjčit auto? ALE Can I borrow your car? - Mohu si vypůjčit tvé auto? Sloveso lend je nepravidelné: lent (PT) - lent (PP).

    Exercise 10

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    • Převeďte věty do času budoucího průběhového. Všímejte si analogií časů.

    9 Who's looking after them?
    4 I won't stay.
    7 We were eating out.
    5 I was working on it.
    1 I'll wait there.
    6 I'm feeling tired.
    3 Who will do that?
    8 What were you wearing?
    2 We were watching him.
    10 I've been watching you.

    Exercise 11

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící slova.

    8 There's a lot of for storing things in the basement.
    1 He been watching TV since morning.
    9 There'll be a double for me and my husband in the bedroom.
    5 I'm really glad to seen you.
    3 He's in the now taking a shower.
    6 We have a big dining table. It can be used by to 8 people.
    7 There's a fireplace and a TV in the room downstairs.
    2 There's a in our house because we like to sit by the fire.
    4 There's a high white around our back yard.

    Pozor na rozdílné termíny: double bed - manželská postel (dvojlůžko) ALE twin bed jsou dvě samostatná lůžka (na hotelovém pokoji ap.) Twin twɪn je česky dvojče.

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slov z nápovědy.

    3 I'd help her right now if she ask me.
    5 He's been read it for hours.
    2 I'd speak with him it before she arrived.
    8 She's be married to him for 10 years.
    6 We didn't have money so we have to take out a mortgage.
    7 I'm glad to have see it.
    1 You should've call me yesterday.
    4 We've own the house for some 10 years.

    Exercise 13

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    11 Provedu vás po domě.
    give, tour
    9 Potřebují vlastní bydlení.
    home
    5 Rádi sedí u krbu.
    fireplace
    12 Je skoro nemožné najít dostupné bydlení.
    affordable
    13 Naúčtovali mi víc. (při placení)
    overcharge
    4 Utratili všechny své úspory.
    savings
    6 Budou vás očekávat.
    expect
    3 Nechali si postavit bazén.
    pool
    7 Bydlí v nájmu v třípokojovém bytě.
    two-bedroom flat
    10 Nechali si postavit zbrusu nový dům.
    brand-new
    2 Dole (v přízemí) je velký obývák.
    living room
    8 Domácí zvýšil nájem o 10 procent.
    increase
    1 Kolem zahrady je vysoký plot.
    fence

    Realtor je v americké angličtině realitní makléř či přeneseně realitka. Např. We sold our home through a realtor. - Prodali jsme dům přes realitku. V Británii se užívá spíše termín estate agent ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənt resp. estate agency ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənsɪ.

    Exercise 14

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    • Přepište věty z britské do americké angličtiny.

    5 We'll watch a film.
    3 I'm hungry, mum!
    1 The bill please!
    12 He was hit by a lorry.
    10 I left it in the boot of my car.
    4 I'll have chips.
    7 I've bought new trousers.
    2 I've run out of petrol.
    6 We live on the second floor.
    11 What's on at the cinema?
    9 I live in a block of flats.
    8 We'll take the underground.

    Obrat: be hit by se běžně užívá, když někoho srazí vozidlo ap. Např.: She was hit by a passing car. - Srazilo ji projíždějící auto.

    Exercise 15

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    • Doplňte věty tak, aby měly opačný význam. Kde lze, použijte odvozování pomocí předpon a přípon.

    2 They have a home. - They're .
    6 Their names are known. - Their names are .
    4 They were careful. - They were .
    9 He became a waiter. - She became a .
    1 She has children. - She's .
    10 We met three Englishmen. - We met three .
    8 She's female. - He's .
    7 He's powerful. - He's .
    5 It'll be painful. - It'll be .
    3 She looked happy. - She looked .

    Neighbourhood ˈneɪbəˌhʊd lze přeložit jako sousedství, ale je to v podstatě i čtvrť nebo část města, kde někdo bydlí. Např. in our neighbourhood - tam u nás (kde bydlíme.) Pravopis v americké angličtině je neighborhood stejně jako u slova neighbour - (v americké angličtině) neighbor ap.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přeložte.

    14 Udělal jsem to omylem.
    4 Každý den dojíždím do práce.
    1 Přestěhovali se do nového domu.
    6 Budu nahoře. (v patře)
    16 Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.
    7 Stěhujeme se do jiného města.
    11 Byla to láska na první pohled.
    2 Bydlí teď mimo město.
    17 Musel o tom vědět.
    18 Měl jsi mi to říct.
    15 Potkali jsme se náhodou.
    9 Bydlím tady už 5 let.
    5 Vzali jsme si hypotéku.
    10 Bude muset bydlet v podnájmu.
    8 To rád slyším.
    13 Víte to jistě?
    3 Splnili jsme si svůj sen.
    12 Srazilo ho auto.

    Termín landlord (land - zem + lord - pán) se obecně užívá pro majitele nemovitosti, který ji pronajímá. Ale pozor! Žena majitelka je landlady ˈlændˌleɪdɪ. Nájemník je anglicky tenant ˈtεnənt. Nájem jako smluvní vztah je lease liːs.

    Sunbathe (opalovat se) je v angličtině v podstatě doslova “koupat se ve slunci” nebo “brát sluneční lázeň”: sun (slunce) + bathe beɪð (koupat se).