Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    15 We'll have a barbecue in the backyard.
    14 Can you describe it in more detail?
    9 They fell in love at first sight.
    1 Do you rent or own your home?
    8 They spent a lot of money on furniture.
    5 We don't have enough savings to buy a house.
    7 We'll be repaying it for 20 years.
    10 Our landlord increased the rent.
    3 We used to live outside the city.
    4 They live in downtown Chicago.
    13 I'll give you a tour of the house.
    2 How long have you lived here?
    11 The rent went up by 30 per cent.
    6 We had to take out a mortgage.
    12 We moved in recently.

    Rooms to rent jsou pokoje k pronájmu a House for sale je dům na prodej.

    Exercise 2

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    • Odpovězte na otázky podle úvodních článků.

    4 How long has Mrs Johnson been married to Mr Johnson?
    9 Do the Johnsons want to have more children?
    1 How many miles does he travel to work and back every day?
    8 Which room in the Johnsons' house has a balcony?
    5 Did the Johnsons keep their old downtown apartment?
    3 Is it true that the Johnsons are both American by birth?
    7 Did the Johnsons live together before their marriage?
    10 Does Mrs Johnson like cooking?
    2 How much has the landlord increased the rent?
    6 How many cars can be parked in their garage?

    Běžný idiom keep up with the Joneses lze přeložit jako “držet krok s ostatními”, nebo “nenechat se zahanbit sousedy”, tedy snažit se mít za každou cenu všechno to, co mají i lidé kolem. Fráze keep up with znamená držet krok s či stačit (komu).

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 I'm really bad at DIY.
    • 2 Is there an attic in your house?
    • 3 Do you have kids?
    • 4 Do you rent or own?
    • 5 I don't commute.
    • 6 We don't have enough savings.
    • 7 How long have you lived here?
    • 8 What does it look like?
    • d We'll have to take out a mortgage.
    • b I work from home.
    • c I can't repair anything.
    • f We moved in only recently.
    • e No, but we want to start a family.
    • g Can you describe it to me?
    • h No, but we have a large basement.
    • a We have a flat of our own.

    Zkratka DIY pochází ze spojení do-it-yourself (udělej to sám). Může fungovat i jako přídavné jméno. Např.: DIY man je kutil, DIY shop je prodejna pro kutily ap.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    7 I can't go there tonight. Can you go there instead at/in/of me?
    3 There was no one else with him. He was all in/on/by himself.
    9 I paid 37 dollars instead of 31. They exchanged/overcharged/tipped me.
    2 We didn't get anything in/on/at return for our help.
    6 I know that for true/sure/hard. I heard him saying that.
    1 I didn't plan on meeting him. We met of/by/in accident.
    4 They saved him at/of/from being homeless.
    5 I'm afraid our bus is late. - No, it's on/at/in schedule.
    10 Are you coming to the party? - No, I'm not in the sight/mood/case for it.
    8 They don't have their own home. They live in suburbs/utilities/lodgings.

    We have people coming over. znamená: Má k nám někdo přijít., Budeme mít návštěvu. ap. My friends are coming over. - Přijdou ke mně kamarádi.

    Exercise 5

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    8 Up to eight people can eat in the kitchen.
    1 There's no front yard at the Johnsons' house.
    6 They bought a house which they liked at first sight.
    2 Mr Johnson is quite good at DIY.
    7 Guests can sleep on the second floor of their house.
    5 They'll be repaying their mortgage for more than 15 years.
    3 The home prices are higher now than they were 5 years ago.
    4 The Johnsons already have two kids.

    Exercise 6

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    • Doplňte chybějící část překladu.

    2 Majitel zvýšil nájem. The landlord has the rent.
    8 Rádi by založili rodinu. They'd like to a family.
    6 Pracuji na půl úvazku z domu. I work from home.
    4 Máme prostorný obývák. We have a spacious room.
    7 Je to třípokojový byt. It's a flat.
    5 Potřebuji vlastní pokoj. I need a room of my .
    1 Bydlíme v nájmu v malém bytě. We a small flat.
    3 Bydlel jsem v podnájmu. I lived in .

    Start znamená česky nejen začít, ale také něco založit nebo rozjet. Např.: start a business - rozjet podnikání, He started a company. - Založil firmu. ap.

    Exercise 7

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    • Přepište věty pomocí stažených tvarů.

    3 He is really sorry. - really sorry.
    7 I cannot tell you. He would be angry. - I tell you. be angry.
    2 How has he been doing? - he been doing?
    8 I would love to see it. - love to see it.
    9 I would have come but I could not. - I come but I .
    6 You had better go now. - better go now.
    4 He has done a bad thing. - done a bad thing.
    1 How is your family? - your family?
    5 They had been there before. - been there before.

    Exercise 8

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    • Vyberte vhodná slova.

    9 He has to go in/on/by car. He feels sick when travelling in/by/on the bus.
    5 I'm sorry for not had/have/having replied before.
    11 A one-room flat is usually called a lounge/studio/living apartment in American English.
    6 I had it repaired. - How much did they cost/charge/price you for that?
    10 Take the underground if you don't want to be stuck in a traffic ham/jam/yard.
    8 You should book the tickets on/at/in advance.
    1 I can't do anything. I'm powerless/powerful/powering.
    2 It can be very dangerous. You should be careless/cared/careful.
    7 It must have cost/costed/costing a lot of money.
    3 How do you deal of/after/with commuting and traffic jams?
    4 We love water. We had a fence/lounge/pool built behind the house.

    Be stuck znamená vězet (nemoci pryč). Get stuck (změna stavu) je potom česky zůstat vězet/trčet. Např.: I got stuck in jam. - Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.

    Exercise 9

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    • Spojte výroky, které znamenají přibližně totéž.

    • 1 She's downstairs.
    • 2 She loves cooking.
    • 3 They don't live here anymore.
    • 4 Utility costs have gone up.
    • 5 Someone has to do it.
    • 6 They took out a mortgage.
    • 7 They live in lodgings.
    • 8 There's no garage in my house.
    • g She's on the ground floor.
    • c They pay for living in that room.
    • h They've moved to another city.
    • d It needs to be done.
    • b I have to park my car outside.
    • a They borrowed money from a bank.
    • f She's in the kitchen all the time.
    • e It's more expensive to use the flat now.

    Pozor! Půjčit něco někomu je lend (something to somebody), ale (vy)půjčit si něco od někoho je borrow (something from somebody). Např.: Can you lend me your car? - Můžeš mi půjčit auto? ALE Can I borrow your car? - Mohu si vypůjčit tvé auto? Sloveso lend je nepravidelné: lent (PT) - lent (PP).

    Exercise 10

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    • Převeďte věty do času budoucího průběhového. Všímejte si analogií časů.

    7 We were eating out.
    2 We were watching him.
    6 I'm feeling tired.
    8 What were you wearing?
    1 I'll wait there.
    5 I was working on it.
    3 Who will do that?
    10 I've been watching you.
    9 Who's looking after them?
    4 I won't stay.

    Exercise 11

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící slova.

    2 There's a in our house because we like to sit by the fire.
    1 He been watching TV since morning.
    4 There's a high white around our back yard.
    7 There's a fireplace and a TV in the room downstairs.
    5 I'm really glad to seen you.
    6 We have a big dining table. It can be used by to 8 people.
    3 He's in the now taking a shower.
    9 There'll be a double for me and my husband in the bedroom.
    8 There's a lot of for storing things in the basement.

    Pozor na rozdílné termíny: double bed - manželská postel (dvojlůžko) ALE twin bed jsou dvě samostatná lůžka (na hotelovém pokoji ap.) Twin twɪn je česky dvojče.

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slov z nápovědy.

    2 I'd speak with him it before she arrived.
    7 I'm glad to have see it.
    3 I'd help her right now if she ask me.
    4 We've own the house for some 10 years.
    6 We didn't have money so we have to take out a mortgage.
    5 He's been read it for hours.
    1 You should've call me yesterday.
    8 She's be married to him for 10 years.

    Exercise 13

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    7 Bydlí v nájmu v třípokojovém bytě.
    two-bedroom flat
    8 Domácí zvýšil nájem o 10 procent.
    increase
    6 Budou vás očekávat.
    expect
    9 Potřebují vlastní bydlení.
    home
    3 Nechali si postavit bazén.
    pool
    10 Nechali si postavit zbrusu nový dům.
    brand-new
    5 Rádi sedí u krbu.
    fireplace
    13 Naúčtovali mi víc. (při placení)
    overcharge
    2 Dole (v přízemí) je velký obývák.
    living room
    11 Provedu vás po domě.
    give, tour
    12 Je skoro nemožné najít dostupné bydlení.
    affordable
    1 Kolem zahrady je vysoký plot.
    fence
    4 Utratili všechny své úspory.
    savings

    Realtor je v americké angličtině realitní makléř či přeneseně realitka. Např. We sold our home through a realtor. - Prodali jsme dům přes realitku. V Británii se užívá spíše termín estate agent ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənt resp. estate agency ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənsɪ.

    Exercise 14

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    • Přepište věty z britské do americké angličtiny.

    1 The bill please!
    9 I live in a block of flats.
    10 I left it in the boot of my car.
    7 I've bought new trousers.
    2 I've run out of petrol.
    12 He was hit by a lorry.
    11 What's on at the cinema?
    8 We'll take the underground.
    4 I'll have chips.
    3 I'm hungry, mum!
    6 We live on the second floor.
    5 We'll watch a film.

    Obrat: be hit by se běžně užívá, když někoho srazí vozidlo ap. Např.: She was hit by a passing car. - Srazilo ji projíždějící auto.

    Exercise 15

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    • Doplňte věty tak, aby měly opačný význam. Kde lze, použijte odvozování pomocí předpon a přípon.

    1 She has children. - She's .
    4 They were careful. - They were .
    3 She looked happy. - She looked .
    2 They have a home. - They're .
    7 He's powerful. - He's .
    5 It'll be painful. - It'll be .
    10 We met three Englishmen. - We met three .
    9 He became a waiter. - She became a .
    6 Their names are known. - Their names are .
    8 She's female. - He's .

    Neighbourhood ˈneɪbəˌhʊd lze přeložit jako sousedství, ale je to v podstatě i čtvrť nebo část města, kde někdo bydlí. Např. in our neighbourhood - tam u nás (kde bydlíme.) Pravopis v americké angličtině je neighborhood stejně jako u slova neighbour - (v americké angličtině) neighbor ap.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přeložte.

    4 Každý den dojíždím do práce.
    7 Stěhujeme se do jiného města.
    8 To rád slyším.
    5 Vzali jsme si hypotéku.
    11 Byla to láska na první pohled.
    1 Přestěhovali se do nového domu.
    12 Srazilo ho auto.
    2 Bydlí teď mimo město.
    13 Víte to jistě?
    6 Budu nahoře. (v patře)
    14 Udělal jsem to omylem.
    3 Splnili jsme si svůj sen.
    10 Bude muset bydlet v podnájmu.
    15 Potkali jsme se náhodou.
    16 Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.
    18 Měl jsi mi to říct.
    17 Musel o tom vědět.
    9 Bydlím tady už 5 let.

    Termín landlord (land - zem + lord - pán) se obecně užívá pro majitele nemovitosti, který ji pronajímá. Ale pozor! Žena majitelka je landlady ˈlændˌleɪdɪ. Nájemník je anglicky tenant ˈtεnənt. Nájem jako smluvní vztah je lease liːs.

    Sunbathe (opalovat se) je v angličtině v podstatě doslova “koupat se ve slunci” nebo “brát sluneční lázeň”: sun (slunce) + bathe beɪð (koupat se).