Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    1 Do you rent or own your home?
    12 We moved in recently.
    6 We had to take out a mortgage.
    5 We don't have enough savings to buy a house.
    7 We'll be repaying it for 20 years.
    10 Our landlord increased the rent.
    15 We'll have a barbecue in the backyard.
    8 They spent a lot of money on furniture.
    13 I'll give you a tour of the house.
    14 Can you describe it in more detail?
    11 The rent went up by 30 per cent.
    9 They fell in love at first sight.
    3 We used to live outside the city.
    4 They live in downtown Chicago.
    2 How long have you lived here?

    Rooms to rent jsou pokoje k pronájmu a House for sale je dům na prodej.

    Exercise 2

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    • Odpovězte na otázky podle úvodních článků.

    3 Is it true that the Johnsons are both American by birth?
    1 How many miles does he travel to work and back every day?
    9 Do the Johnsons want to have more children?
    8 Which room in the Johnsons' house has a balcony?
    2 How much has the landlord increased the rent?
    7 Did the Johnsons live together before their marriage?
    5 Did the Johnsons keep their old downtown apartment?
    4 How long has Mrs Johnson been married to Mr Johnson?
    6 How many cars can be parked in their garage?
    10 Does Mrs Johnson like cooking?

    Běžný idiom keep up with the Joneses lze přeložit jako “držet krok s ostatními”, nebo “nenechat se zahanbit sousedy”, tedy snažit se mít za každou cenu všechno to, co mají i lidé kolem. Fráze keep up with znamená držet krok s či stačit (komu).

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 I'm really bad at DIY.
    • 2 Is there an attic in your house?
    • 3 Do you have kids?
    • 4 Do you rent or own?
    • 5 I don't commute.
    • 6 We don't have enough savings.
    • 7 How long have you lived here?
    • 8 What does it look like?
    • a We have a flat of our own.
    • h No, but we have a large basement.
    • d We'll have to take out a mortgage.
    • f We moved in only recently.
    • b I work from home.
    • g Can you describe it to me?
    • e No, but we want to start a family.
    • c I can't repair anything.

    Zkratka DIY pochází ze spojení do-it-yourself (udělej to sám). Může fungovat i jako přídavné jméno. Např.: DIY man je kutil, DIY shop je prodejna pro kutily ap.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    4 They saved him at/of/from being homeless.
    2 We didn't get anything in/on/at return for our help.
    10 Are you coming to the party? - No, I'm not in the sight/mood/case for it.
    8 They don't have their own home. They live in suburbs/utilities/lodgings.
    7 I can't go there tonight. Can you go there instead at/in/of me?
    1 I didn't plan on meeting him. We met of/by/in accident.
    5 I'm afraid our bus is late. - No, it's on/at/in schedule.
    9 I paid 37 dollars instead of 31. They exchanged/overcharged/tipped me.
    6 I know that for true/sure/hard. I heard him saying that.
    3 There was no one else with him. He was all in/on/by himself.

    We have people coming over. znamená: Má k nám někdo přijít., Budeme mít návštěvu. ap. My friends are coming over. - Přijdou ke mně kamarádi.

    Exercise 5

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    2 Mr Johnson is quite good at DIY.
    1 There's no front yard at the Johnsons' house.
    5 They'll be repaying their mortgage for more than 15 years.
    3 The home prices are higher now than they were 5 years ago.
    8 Up to eight people can eat in the kitchen.
    4 The Johnsons already have two kids.
    7 Guests can sleep on the second floor of their house.
    6 They bought a house which they liked at first sight.

    Exercise 6

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    • Doplňte chybějící část překladu.

    4 Máme prostorný obývák. We have a spacious room.
    8 Rádi by založili rodinu. They'd like to a family.
    6 Pracuji na půl úvazku z domu. I work from home.
    7 Je to třípokojový byt. It's a flat.
    1 Bydlíme v nájmu v malém bytě. We a small flat.
    5 Potřebuji vlastní pokoj. I need a room of my .
    2 Majitel zvýšil nájem. The landlord has the rent.
    3 Bydlel jsem v podnájmu. I lived in .

    Start znamená česky nejen začít, ale také něco založit nebo rozjet. Např.: start a business - rozjet podnikání, He started a company. - Založil firmu. ap.

    Exercise 7

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    • Přepište věty pomocí stažených tvarů.

    2 How has he been doing? - he been doing?
    7 I cannot tell you. He would be angry. - I tell you. be angry.
    3 He is really sorry. - really sorry.
    6 You had better go now. - better go now.
    9 I would have come but I could not. - I come but I .
    5 They had been there before. - been there before.
    4 He has done a bad thing. - done a bad thing.
    1 How is your family? - your family?
    8 I would love to see it. - love to see it.

    Exercise 8

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    • Vyberte vhodná slova.

    11 A one-room flat is usually called a lounge/studio/living apartment in American English.
    10 Take the underground if you don't want to be stuck in a traffic ham/jam/yard.
    8 You should book the tickets on/at/in advance.
    2 It can be very dangerous. You should be careless/cared/careful.
    3 How do you deal of/after/with commuting and traffic jams?
    6 I had it repaired. - How much did they cost/charge/price you for that?
    7 It must have cost/costed/costing a lot of money.
    9 He has to go in/on/by car. He feels sick when travelling in/by/on the bus.
    1 I can't do anything. I'm powerless/powerful/powering.
    5 I'm sorry for not had/have/having replied before.
    4 We love water. We had a fence/lounge/pool built behind the house.

    Be stuck znamená vězet (nemoci pryč). Get stuck (změna stavu) je potom česky zůstat vězet/trčet. Např.: I got stuck in jam. - Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.

    Exercise 9

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    • Spojte výroky, které znamenají přibližně totéž.

    • 1 She's downstairs.
    • 2 She loves cooking.
    • 3 They don't live here anymore.
    • 4 Utility costs have gone up.
    • 5 Someone has to do it.
    • 6 They took out a mortgage.
    • 7 They live in lodgings.
    • 8 There's no garage in my house.
    • d It needs to be done.
    • g She's on the ground floor.
    • h They've moved to another city.
    • f She's in the kitchen all the time.
    • a They borrowed money from a bank.
    • b I have to park my car outside.
    • e It's more expensive to use the flat now.
    • c They pay for living in that room.

    Pozor! Půjčit něco někomu je lend (something to somebody), ale (vy)půjčit si něco od někoho je borrow (something from somebody). Např.: Can you lend me your car? - Můžeš mi půjčit auto? ALE Can I borrow your car? - Mohu si vypůjčit tvé auto? Sloveso lend je nepravidelné: lent (PT) - lent (PP).

    Exercise 10

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    • Převeďte věty do času budoucího průběhového. Všímejte si analogií časů.

    5 I was working on it.
    9 Who's looking after them?
    8 What were you wearing?
    1 I'll wait there.
    6 I'm feeling tired.
    3 Who will do that?
    10 I've been watching you.
    2 We were watching him.
    4 I won't stay.
    7 We were eating out.

    Exercise 11

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící slova.

    4 There's a high white around our back yard.
    1 He been watching TV since morning.
    9 There'll be a double for me and my husband in the bedroom.
    6 We have a big dining table. It can be used by to 8 people.
    3 He's in the now taking a shower.
    2 There's a in our house because we like to sit by the fire.
    5 I'm really glad to seen you.
    8 There's a lot of for storing things in the basement.
    7 There's a fireplace and a TV in the room downstairs.

    Pozor na rozdílné termíny: double bed - manželská postel (dvojlůžko) ALE twin bed jsou dvě samostatná lůžka (na hotelovém pokoji ap.) Twin twɪn je česky dvojče.

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slov z nápovědy.

    8 She's be married to him for 10 years.
    4 We've own the house for some 10 years.
    5 He's been read it for hours.
    7 I'm glad to have see it.
    1 You should've call me yesterday.
    2 I'd speak with him it before she arrived.
    6 We didn't have money so we have to take out a mortgage.
    3 I'd help her right now if she ask me.

    Exercise 13

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    7 Bydlí v nájmu v třípokojovém bytě.
    two-bedroom flat
    9 Potřebují vlastní bydlení.
    home
    13 Naúčtovali mi víc. (při placení)
    overcharge
    1 Kolem zahrady je vysoký plot.
    fence
    6 Budou vás očekávat.
    expect
    11 Provedu vás po domě.
    give, tour
    3 Nechali si postavit bazén.
    pool
    2 Dole (v přízemí) je velký obývák.
    living room
    12 Je skoro nemožné najít dostupné bydlení.
    affordable
    5 Rádi sedí u krbu.
    fireplace
    8 Domácí zvýšil nájem o 10 procent.
    increase
    4 Utratili všechny své úspory.
    savings
    10 Nechali si postavit zbrusu nový dům.
    brand-new

    Realtor je v americké angličtině realitní makléř či přeneseně realitka. Např. We sold our home through a realtor. - Prodali jsme dům přes realitku. V Británii se užívá spíše termín estate agent ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənt resp. estate agency ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənsɪ.

    Exercise 14

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    • Přepište věty z britské do americké angličtiny.

    6 We live on the second floor.
    10 I left it in the boot of my car.
    11 What's on at the cinema?
    7 I've bought new trousers.
    8 We'll take the underground.
    2 I've run out of petrol.
    4 I'll have chips.
    5 We'll watch a film.
    1 The bill please!
    9 I live in a block of flats.
    12 He was hit by a lorry.
    3 I'm hungry, mum!

    Obrat: be hit by se běžně užívá, když někoho srazí vozidlo ap. Např.: She was hit by a passing car. - Srazilo ji projíždějící auto.

    Exercise 15

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    • Doplňte věty tak, aby měly opačný význam. Kde lze, použijte odvozování pomocí předpon a přípon.

    1 She has children. - She's .
    2 They have a home. - They're .
    4 They were careful. - They were .
    10 We met three Englishmen. - We met three .
    3 She looked happy. - She looked .
    6 Their names are known. - Their names are .
    9 He became a waiter. - She became a .
    7 He's powerful. - He's .
    5 It'll be painful. - It'll be .
    8 She's female. - He's .

    Neighbourhood ˈneɪbəˌhʊd lze přeložit jako sousedství, ale je to v podstatě i čtvrť nebo část města, kde někdo bydlí. Např. in our neighbourhood - tam u nás (kde bydlíme.) Pravopis v americké angličtině je neighborhood stejně jako u slova neighbour - (v americké angličtině) neighbor ap.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přeložte.

    13 Víte to jistě?
    6 Budu nahoře. (v patře)
    14 Udělal jsem to omylem.
    5 Vzali jsme si hypotéku.
    17 Musel o tom vědět.
    4 Každý den dojíždím do práce.
    15 Potkali jsme se náhodou.
    11 Byla to láska na první pohled.
    2 Bydlí teď mimo město.
    9 Bydlím tady už 5 let.
    3 Splnili jsme si svůj sen.
    7 Stěhujeme se do jiného města.
    1 Přestěhovali se do nového domu.
    8 To rád slyším.
    12 Srazilo ho auto.
    16 Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.
    18 Měl jsi mi to říct.
    10 Bude muset bydlet v podnájmu.

    Termín landlord (land - zem + lord - pán) se obecně užívá pro majitele nemovitosti, který ji pronajímá. Ale pozor! Žena majitelka je landlady ˈlændˌleɪdɪ. Nájemník je anglicky tenant ˈtεnənt. Nájem jako smluvní vztah je lease liːs.

    Sunbathe (opalovat se) je v angličtině v podstatě doslova “koupat se ve slunci” nebo “brát sluneční lázeň”: sun (slunce) + bathe beɪð (koupat se).