Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    1 Do you rent or own your home?
    6 We had to take out a mortgage.
    10 Our landlord increased the rent.
    13 I'll give you a tour of the house.
    4 They live in downtown Chicago.
    12 We moved in recently.
    5 We don't have enough savings to buy a house.
    8 They spent a lot of money on furniture.
    11 The rent went up by 30 per cent.
    7 We'll be repaying it for 20 years.
    3 We used to live outside the city.
    9 They fell in love at first sight.
    15 We'll have a barbecue in the backyard.
    14 Can you describe it in more detail?
    2 How long have you lived here?

    Rooms to rent jsou pokoje k pronájmu a House for sale je dům na prodej.

    Exercise 2

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    • Odpovězte na otázky podle úvodních článků.

    5 Did the Johnsons keep their old downtown apartment?
    10 Does Mrs Johnson like cooking?
    2 How much has the landlord increased the rent?
    3 Is it true that the Johnsons are both American by birth?
    4 How long has Mrs Johnson been married to Mr Johnson?
    6 How many cars can be parked in their garage?
    9 Do the Johnsons want to have more children?
    1 How many miles does he travel to work and back every day?
    7 Did the Johnsons live together before their marriage?
    8 Which room in the Johnsons' house has a balcony?

    Běžný idiom keep up with the Joneses lze přeložit jako “držet krok s ostatními”, nebo “nenechat se zahanbit sousedy”, tedy snažit se mít za každou cenu všechno to, co mají i lidé kolem. Fráze keep up with znamená držet krok s či stačit (komu).

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 I'm really bad at DIY.
    • 2 Is there an attic in your house?
    • 3 Do you have kids?
    • 4 Do you rent or own?
    • 5 I don't commute.
    • 6 We don't have enough savings.
    • 7 How long have you lived here?
    • 8 What does it look like?
    • a We have a flat of our own.
    • e No, but we want to start a family.
    • d We'll have to take out a mortgage.
    • f We moved in only recently.
    • g Can you describe it to me?
    • b I work from home.
    • h No, but we have a large basement.
    • c I can't repair anything.

    Zkratka DIY pochází ze spojení do-it-yourself (udělej to sám). Může fungovat i jako přídavné jméno. Např.: DIY man je kutil, DIY shop je prodejna pro kutily ap.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    10 Are you coming to the party? - No, I'm not in the sight/mood/case for it.
    8 They don't have their own home. They live in suburbs/utilities/lodgings.
    2 We didn't get anything in/on/at return for our help.
    9 I paid 37 dollars instead of 31. They exchanged/overcharged/tipped me.
    5 I'm afraid our bus is late. - No, it's on/at/in schedule.
    1 I didn't plan on meeting him. We met of/by/in accident.
    7 I can't go there tonight. Can you go there instead at/in/of me?
    6 I know that for true/sure/hard. I heard him saying that.
    4 They saved him at/of/from being homeless.
    3 There was no one else with him. He was all in/on/by himself.

    We have people coming over. znamená: Má k nám někdo přijít., Budeme mít návštěvu. ap. My friends are coming over. - Přijdou ke mně kamarádi.

    Exercise 5

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    1 There's no front yard at the Johnsons' house.
    5 They'll be repaying their mortgage for more than 15 years.
    8 Up to eight people can eat in the kitchen.
    7 Guests can sleep on the second floor of their house.
    2 Mr Johnson is quite good at DIY.
    6 They bought a house which they liked at first sight.
    4 The Johnsons already have two kids.
    3 The home prices are higher now than they were 5 years ago.

    Exercise 6

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    • Doplňte chybějící část překladu.

    8 Rádi by založili rodinu. They'd like to a family.
    3 Bydlel jsem v podnájmu. I lived in .
    4 Máme prostorný obývák. We have a spacious room.
    1 Bydlíme v nájmu v malém bytě. We a small flat.
    7 Je to třípokojový byt. It's a flat.
    6 Pracuji na půl úvazku z domu. I work from home.
    5 Potřebuji vlastní pokoj. I need a room of my .
    2 Majitel zvýšil nájem. The landlord has the rent.

    Start znamená česky nejen začít, ale také něco založit nebo rozjet. Např.: start a business - rozjet podnikání, He started a company. - Založil firmu. ap.

    Exercise 7

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    • Přepište věty pomocí stažených tvarů.

    6 You had better go now. - better go now.
    8 I would love to see it. - love to see it.
    5 They had been there before. - been there before.
    7 I cannot tell you. He would be angry. - I tell you. be angry.
    1 How is your family? - your family?
    3 He is really sorry. - really sorry.
    9 I would have come but I could not. - I come but I .
    4 He has done a bad thing. - done a bad thing.
    2 How has he been doing? - he been doing?

    Exercise 8

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    • Vyberte vhodná slova.

    6 I had it repaired. - How much did they cost/charge/price you for that?
    9 He has to go in/on/by car. He feels sick when travelling in/by/on the bus.
    5 I'm sorry for not had/have/having replied before.
    8 You should book the tickets on/at/in advance.
    2 It can be very dangerous. You should be careless/cared/careful.
    11 A one-room flat is usually called a lounge/studio/living apartment in American English.
    7 It must have cost/costed/costing a lot of money.
    1 I can't do anything. I'm powerless/powerful/powering.
    3 How do you deal of/after/with commuting and traffic jams?
    4 We love water. We had a fence/lounge/pool built behind the house.
    10 Take the underground if you don't want to be stuck in a traffic ham/jam/yard.

    Be stuck znamená vězet (nemoci pryč). Get stuck (změna stavu) je potom česky zůstat vězet/trčet. Např.: I got stuck in jam. - Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.

    Exercise 9

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    • Spojte výroky, které znamenají přibližně totéž.

    • 1 She's downstairs.
    • 2 She loves cooking.
    • 3 They don't live here anymore.
    • 4 Utility costs have gone up.
    • 5 Someone has to do it.
    • 6 They took out a mortgage.
    • 7 They live in lodgings.
    • 8 There's no garage in my house.
    • b I have to park my car outside.
    • a They borrowed money from a bank.
    • c They pay for living in that room.
    • h They've moved to another city.
    • d It needs to be done.
    • g She's on the ground floor.
    • f She's in the kitchen all the time.
    • e It's more expensive to use the flat now.

    Pozor! Půjčit něco někomu je lend (something to somebody), ale (vy)půjčit si něco od někoho je borrow (something from somebody). Např.: Can you lend me your car? - Můžeš mi půjčit auto? ALE Can I borrow your car? - Mohu si vypůjčit tvé auto? Sloveso lend je nepravidelné: lent (PT) - lent (PP).

    Exercise 10

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    • Převeďte věty do času budoucího průběhového. Všímejte si analogií časů.

    8 What were you wearing?
    4 I won't stay.
    7 We were eating out.
    9 Who's looking after them?
    1 I'll wait there.
    2 We were watching him.
    6 I'm feeling tired.
    10 I've been watching you.
    5 I was working on it.
    3 Who will do that?

    Exercise 11

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící slova.

    5 I'm really glad to seen you.
    4 There's a high white around our back yard.
    2 There's a in our house because we like to sit by the fire.
    8 There's a lot of for storing things in the basement.
    1 He been watching TV since morning.
    7 There's a fireplace and a TV in the room downstairs.
    6 We have a big dining table. It can be used by to 8 people.
    9 There'll be a double for me and my husband in the bedroom.
    3 He's in the now taking a shower.

    Pozor na rozdílné termíny: double bed - manželská postel (dvojlůžko) ALE twin bed jsou dvě samostatná lůžka (na hotelovém pokoji ap.) Twin twɪn je česky dvojče.

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slov z nápovědy.

    5 He's been read it for hours.
    1 You should've call me yesterday.
    2 I'd speak with him it before she arrived.
    7 I'm glad to have see it.
    3 I'd help her right now if she ask me.
    8 She's be married to him for 10 years.
    6 We didn't have money so we have to take out a mortgage.
    4 We've own the house for some 10 years.

    Exercise 13

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    10 Nechali si postavit zbrusu nový dům.
    brand-new
    3 Nechali si postavit bazén.
    pool
    2 Dole (v přízemí) je velký obývák.
    living room
    4 Utratili všechny své úspory.
    savings
    13 Naúčtovali mi víc. (při placení)
    overcharge
    8 Domácí zvýšil nájem o 10 procent.
    increase
    1 Kolem zahrady je vysoký plot.
    fence
    12 Je skoro nemožné najít dostupné bydlení.
    affordable
    7 Bydlí v nájmu v třípokojovém bytě.
    two-bedroom flat
    5 Rádi sedí u krbu.
    fireplace
    9 Potřebují vlastní bydlení.
    home
    11 Provedu vás po domě.
    give, tour
    6 Budou vás očekávat.
    expect

    Realtor je v americké angličtině realitní makléř či přeneseně realitka. Např. We sold our home through a realtor. - Prodali jsme dům přes realitku. V Británii se užívá spíše termín estate agent ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənt resp. estate agency ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənsɪ.

    Exercise 14

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    • Přepište věty z britské do americké angličtiny.

    3 I'm hungry, mum!
    1 The bill please!
    12 He was hit by a lorry.
    2 I've run out of petrol.
    4 I'll have chips.
    11 What's on at the cinema?
    8 We'll take the underground.
    9 I live in a block of flats.
    5 We'll watch a film.
    7 I've bought new trousers.
    6 We live on the second floor.
    10 I left it in the boot of my car.

    Obrat: be hit by se běžně užívá, když někoho srazí vozidlo ap. Např.: She was hit by a passing car. - Srazilo ji projíždějící auto.

    Exercise 15

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    • Doplňte věty tak, aby měly opačný význam. Kde lze, použijte odvozování pomocí předpon a přípon.

    5 It'll be painful. - It'll be .
    6 Their names are known. - Their names are .
    7 He's powerful. - He's .
    3 She looked happy. - She looked .
    4 They were careful. - They were .
    2 They have a home. - They're .
    1 She has children. - She's .
    8 She's female. - He's .
    10 We met three Englishmen. - We met three .
    9 He became a waiter. - She became a .

    Neighbourhood ˈneɪbəˌhʊd lze přeložit jako sousedství, ale je to v podstatě i čtvrť nebo část města, kde někdo bydlí. Např. in our neighbourhood - tam u nás (kde bydlíme.) Pravopis v americké angličtině je neighborhood stejně jako u slova neighbour - (v americké angličtině) neighbor ap.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přeložte.

    15 Potkali jsme se náhodou.
    10 Bude muset bydlet v podnájmu.
    11 Byla to láska na první pohled.
    2 Bydlí teď mimo město.
    4 Každý den dojíždím do práce.
    7 Stěhujeme se do jiného města.
    1 Přestěhovali se do nového domu.
    18 Měl jsi mi to říct.
    14 Udělal jsem to omylem.
    8 To rád slyším.
    16 Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.
    12 Srazilo ho auto.
    9 Bydlím tady už 5 let.
    3 Splnili jsme si svůj sen.
    6 Budu nahoře. (v patře)
    17 Musel o tom vědět.
    5 Vzali jsme si hypotéku.
    13 Víte to jistě?

    Termín landlord (land - zem + lord - pán) se obecně užívá pro majitele nemovitosti, který ji pronajímá. Ale pozor! Žena majitelka je landlady ˈlændˌleɪdɪ. Nájemník je anglicky tenant ˈtεnənt. Nájem jako smluvní vztah je lease liːs.

    Sunbathe (opalovat se) je v angličtině v podstatě doslova “koupat se ve slunci” nebo “brát sluneční lázeň”: sun (slunce) + bathe beɪð (koupat se).