Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    9 They fell in love at first sight.
    2 How long have you lived here?
    5 We don't have enough savings to buy a house.
    8 They spent a lot of money on furniture.
    15 We'll have a barbecue in the backyard.
    10 Our landlord increased the rent.
    14 Can you describe it in more detail?
    1 Do you rent or own your home?
    6 We had to take out a mortgage.
    12 We moved in recently.
    13 I'll give you a tour of the house.
    7 We'll be repaying it for 20 years.
    4 They live in downtown Chicago.
    11 The rent went up by 30 per cent.
    3 We used to live outside the city.

    Rooms to rent jsou pokoje k pronájmu a House for sale je dům na prodej.

    Exercise 2

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    • Odpovězte na otázky podle úvodních článků.

    2 How much has the landlord increased the rent?
    10 Does Mrs Johnson like cooking?
    9 Do the Johnsons want to have more children?
    8 Which room in the Johnsons' house has a balcony?
    6 How many cars can be parked in their garage?
    5 Did the Johnsons keep their old downtown apartment?
    1 How many miles does he travel to work and back every day?
    4 How long has Mrs Johnson been married to Mr Johnson?
    7 Did the Johnsons live together before their marriage?
    3 Is it true that the Johnsons are both American by birth?

    Běžný idiom keep up with the Joneses lze přeložit jako “držet krok s ostatními”, nebo “nenechat se zahanbit sousedy”, tedy snažit se mít za každou cenu všechno to, co mají i lidé kolem. Fráze keep up with znamená držet krok s či stačit (komu).

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 I'm really bad at DIY.
    • 2 Is there an attic in your house?
    • 3 Do you have kids?
    • 4 Do you rent or own?
    • 5 I don't commute.
    • 6 We don't have enough savings.
    • 7 How long have you lived here?
    • 8 What does it look like?
    • d We'll have to take out a mortgage.
    • h No, but we have a large basement.
    • g Can you describe it to me?
    • c I can't repair anything.
    • e No, but we want to start a family.
    • f We moved in only recently.
    • a We have a flat of our own.
    • b I work from home.

    Zkratka DIY pochází ze spojení do-it-yourself (udělej to sám). Může fungovat i jako přídavné jméno. Např.: DIY man je kutil, DIY shop je prodejna pro kutily ap.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    9 I paid 37 dollars instead of 31. They exchanged/overcharged/tipped me.
    7 I can't go there tonight. Can you go there instead at/in/of me?
    4 They saved him at/of/from being homeless.
    5 I'm afraid our bus is late. - No, it's on/at/in schedule.
    10 Are you coming to the party? - No, I'm not in the sight/mood/case for it.
    8 They don't have their own home. They live in suburbs/utilities/lodgings.
    3 There was no one else with him. He was all in/on/by himself.
    1 I didn't plan on meeting him. We met of/by/in accident.
    2 We didn't get anything in/on/at return for our help.
    6 I know that for true/sure/hard. I heard him saying that.

    We have people coming over. znamená: Má k nám někdo přijít., Budeme mít návštěvu. ap. My friends are coming over. - Přijdou ke mně kamarádi.

    Exercise 5

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    6 They bought a house which they liked at first sight.
    1 There's no front yard at the Johnsons' house.
    5 They'll be repaying their mortgage for more than 15 years.
    7 Guests can sleep on the second floor of their house.
    3 The home prices are higher now than they were 5 years ago.
    4 The Johnsons already have two kids.
    2 Mr Johnson is quite good at DIY.
    8 Up to eight people can eat in the kitchen.

    Exercise 6

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    • Doplňte chybějící část překladu.

    2 Majitel zvýšil nájem. The landlord has the rent.
    5 Potřebuji vlastní pokoj. I need a room of my .
    1 Bydlíme v nájmu v malém bytě. We a small flat.
    4 Máme prostorný obývák. We have a spacious room.
    3 Bydlel jsem v podnájmu. I lived in .
    8 Rádi by založili rodinu. They'd like to a family.
    6 Pracuji na půl úvazku z domu. I work from home.
    7 Je to třípokojový byt. It's a flat.

    Start znamená česky nejen začít, ale také něco založit nebo rozjet. Např.: start a business - rozjet podnikání, He started a company. - Založil firmu. ap.

    Exercise 7

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    • Přepište věty pomocí stažených tvarů.

    3 He is really sorry. - really sorry.
    5 They had been there before. - been there before.
    6 You had better go now. - better go now.
    4 He has done a bad thing. - done a bad thing.
    8 I would love to see it. - love to see it.
    2 How has he been doing? - he been doing?
    1 How is your family? - your family?
    9 I would have come but I could not. - I come but I .
    7 I cannot tell you. He would be angry. - I tell you. be angry.

    Exercise 8

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    • Vyberte vhodná slova.

    11 A one-room flat is usually called a lounge/studio/living apartment in American English.
    8 You should book the tickets on/at/in advance.
    5 I'm sorry for not had/have/having replied before.
    9 He has to go in/on/by car. He feels sick when travelling in/by/on the bus.
    2 It can be very dangerous. You should be careless/cared/careful.
    4 We love water. We had a fence/lounge/pool built behind the house.
    10 Take the underground if you don't want to be stuck in a traffic ham/jam/yard.
    7 It must have cost/costed/costing a lot of money.
    1 I can't do anything. I'm powerless/powerful/powering.
    3 How do you deal of/after/with commuting and traffic jams?
    6 I had it repaired. - How much did they cost/charge/price you for that?

    Be stuck znamená vězet (nemoci pryč). Get stuck (změna stavu) je potom česky zůstat vězet/trčet. Např.: I got stuck in jam. - Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.

    Exercise 9

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    • Spojte výroky, které znamenají přibližně totéž.

    • 1 She's downstairs.
    • 2 She loves cooking.
    • 3 They don't live here anymore.
    • 4 Utility costs have gone up.
    • 5 Someone has to do it.
    • 6 They took out a mortgage.
    • 7 They live in lodgings.
    • 8 There's no garage in my house.
    • b I have to park my car outside.
    • e It's more expensive to use the flat now.
    • g She's on the ground floor.
    • a They borrowed money from a bank.
    • d It needs to be done.
    • c They pay for living in that room.
    • h They've moved to another city.
    • f She's in the kitchen all the time.

    Pozor! Půjčit něco někomu je lend (something to somebody), ale (vy)půjčit si něco od někoho je borrow (something from somebody). Např.: Can you lend me your car? - Můžeš mi půjčit auto? ALE Can I borrow your car? - Mohu si vypůjčit tvé auto? Sloveso lend je nepravidelné: lent (PT) - lent (PP).

    Exercise 10

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    • Převeďte věty do času budoucího průběhového. Všímejte si analogií časů.

    6 I'm feeling tired.
    2 We were watching him.
    5 I was working on it.
    3 Who will do that?
    8 What were you wearing?
    4 I won't stay.
    9 Who's looking after them?
    1 I'll wait there.
    7 We were eating out.
    10 I've been watching you.

    Exercise 11

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící slova.

    1 He been watching TV since morning.
    5 I'm really glad to seen you.
    9 There'll be a double for me and my husband in the bedroom.
    7 There's a fireplace and a TV in the room downstairs.
    2 There's a in our house because we like to sit by the fire.
    6 We have a big dining table. It can be used by to 8 people.
    8 There's a lot of for storing things in the basement.
    3 He's in the now taking a shower.
    4 There's a high white around our back yard.

    Pozor na rozdílné termíny: double bed - manželská postel (dvojlůžko) ALE twin bed jsou dvě samostatná lůžka (na hotelovém pokoji ap.) Twin twɪn je česky dvojče.

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slov z nápovědy.

    4 We've own the house for some 10 years.
    2 I'd speak with him it before she arrived.
    1 You should've call me yesterday.
    6 We didn't have money so we have to take out a mortgage.
    8 She's be married to him for 10 years.
    5 He's been read it for hours.
    7 I'm glad to have see it.
    3 I'd help her right now if she ask me.

    Exercise 13

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    10 Nechali si postavit zbrusu nový dům.
    brand-new
    13 Naúčtovali mi víc. (při placení)
    overcharge
    9 Potřebují vlastní bydlení.
    home
    2 Dole (v přízemí) je velký obývák.
    living room
    5 Rádi sedí u krbu.
    fireplace
    3 Nechali si postavit bazén.
    pool
    7 Bydlí v nájmu v třípokojovém bytě.
    two-bedroom flat
    11 Provedu vás po domě.
    give, tour
    6 Budou vás očekávat.
    expect
    4 Utratili všechny své úspory.
    savings
    12 Je skoro nemožné najít dostupné bydlení.
    affordable
    1 Kolem zahrady je vysoký plot.
    fence
    8 Domácí zvýšil nájem o 10 procent.
    increase

    Realtor je v americké angličtině realitní makléř či přeneseně realitka. Např. We sold our home through a realtor. - Prodali jsme dům přes realitku. V Británii se užívá spíše termín estate agent ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənt resp. estate agency ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənsɪ.

    Exercise 14

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    • Přepište věty z britské do americké angličtiny.

    4 I'll have chips.
    1 The bill please!
    2 I've run out of petrol.
    12 He was hit by a lorry.
    5 We'll watch a film.
    3 I'm hungry, mum!
    6 We live on the second floor.
    10 I left it in the boot of my car.
    8 We'll take the underground.
    9 I live in a block of flats.
    7 I've bought new trousers.
    11 What's on at the cinema?

    Obrat: be hit by se běžně užívá, když někoho srazí vozidlo ap. Např.: She was hit by a passing car. - Srazilo ji projíždějící auto.

    Exercise 15

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    • Doplňte věty tak, aby měly opačný význam. Kde lze, použijte odvozování pomocí předpon a přípon.

    2 They have a home. - They're .
    10 We met three Englishmen. - We met three .
    8 She's female. - He's .
    6 Their names are known. - Their names are .
    9 He became a waiter. - She became a .
    7 He's powerful. - He's .
    3 She looked happy. - She looked .
    1 She has children. - She's .
    5 It'll be painful. - It'll be .
    4 They were careful. - They were .

    Neighbourhood ˈneɪbəˌhʊd lze přeložit jako sousedství, ale je to v podstatě i čtvrť nebo část města, kde někdo bydlí. Např. in our neighbourhood - tam u nás (kde bydlíme.) Pravopis v americké angličtině je neighborhood stejně jako u slova neighbour - (v americké angličtině) neighbor ap.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přeložte.

    18 Měl jsi mi to říct.
    12 Srazilo ho auto.
    13 Víte to jistě?
    17 Musel o tom vědět.
    5 Vzali jsme si hypotéku.
    3 Splnili jsme si svůj sen.
    7 Stěhujeme se do jiného města.
    11 Byla to láska na první pohled.
    6 Budu nahoře. (v patře)
    4 Každý den dojíždím do práce.
    16 Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.
    14 Udělal jsem to omylem.
    1 Přestěhovali se do nového domu.
    10 Bude muset bydlet v podnájmu.
    8 To rád slyším.
    9 Bydlím tady už 5 let.
    15 Potkali jsme se náhodou.
    2 Bydlí teď mimo město.

    Termín landlord (land - zem + lord - pán) se obecně užívá pro majitele nemovitosti, který ji pronajímá. Ale pozor! Žena majitelka je landlady ˈlændˌleɪdɪ. Nájemník je anglicky tenant ˈtεnənt. Nájem jako smluvní vztah je lease liːs.

    Sunbathe (opalovat se) je v angličtině v podstatě doslova “koupat se ve slunci” nebo “brát sluneční lázeň”: sun (slunce) + bathe beɪð (koupat se).